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Literary translation is an intercultural and interlinguistic discourse, one of the most difficult of which is the translation of classical plays. In this research, we are trying to provide solutions in the field of translation of classic Russian plays by analyzing the challenges in the translation of Alexander Pushkin's play written by Mikhail Bulgakov, a famous writer of the first decade of the 20th century Russia. In other words, the purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze the linguistic challenges faced by the translator when translating classical Russian plays. What are the most important challenges facing the translator in the process of literary translation? What methods should the translator use in dealing with specific realities of the source language? In this research, library research method and descriptive and analytical sample mining are used. The results of the research indicate that the translator of the play needs to know the realities of the source language in order to be able to find an accurate equivalent for them. The translator must have a good understanding of the speech situations in the writing and try to create the same effect as the source text on the reader of the target text. In addition, the translator must have the ability to analyze the discourses in the play and recognize the purpose of each of the characters in the discourse process in order to be successful in translating the illocutionary functions of the syntactic structures. The results of this research can be effective in the accurate translation of literary works, especially the translation of classical plays from Russian language to Persian language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]