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In this study, the performance of a Proportional-Integral (PI) automatic control system for the operation of the main channel of the northern branch of the Abshar irrigation network was evaluated under low-water operation scenarios. The actions taken to achieve the research objectives included:1) Development of a hydraulic flow simulation model in the main channel of the Abshar irrigation network using a simplified Integral-Delay (ID) mathematical model. 2) Development of a decentralized PI automatic control operation model. 3) Coupling the automatic operation control model with the hydraulic simulation model in MATLAB and determining the proportional and integral coefficients of each controller using system identification methods. 4) Simulation of the operation status using the designed automatic system under normal, low-water, and severe low-water operation scenarios with input fluctuations. The simulation results demonstrated that the controller had acceptable capability in implementing desirable operation under normal operation scenarios, with performance evaluation indices MAE, IAE, and STE fluctuating within the ranges of 0.11 to 0.140, 0.0013 to 0.0182, and 0.0001 to 0.0011, respectively. With the emergence of low-water scenarios and their intensification, water distribution conditions were assessed as desirable in upstream intakes but uncertain in downstream intakes. The calculated maximum error values in the lower intervals ranged from -10 to -20 and -35 to -45 centimeters, respectively. The results showed that the controller transferred the effects of low-water conditions and inflow fluctuations downstream, resulting in desirable surface water distribution for upstream intakes but inappropriate distribution for downstream intakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

لقد دعت ظروف عصر النورسي لإعادة النظر في أسلوب منهج علم الکلام في صورته التقليدية وضرورة إيجاد أُسس جديدة بغرض النهوض به، وعصرنة هذه الآليات بما يجعلها تستجيب لظروف الواقع مؤکدا على أن الخلل الذي أصاب منهج المُتکلمين القدامى هو الاستناد على أساس واحد فقط وهو العقل المُجرد عن الوحي في البحث في القضايا الکلامية، ولقد ارتکز النورسي على مجموعة من الأسس في محاولته للنهوض بعلم الکلام تقوم على شمولية الإسلام وصلاحيته السرمدية وقدرته على استيعاب مُستجدات کل عصر من العصور ولقد اعتمد النورسي على القرآن الکريم کأساس أولي في محاولته للنهوض بعلم الکلام. The conditions of Al-Nursi’s time called for a reconsideration of the methodology adopted in theology in its traditional form and the need to find new foundations for the purpose of promoting it, and modernizing these mechanisms in a way that makes them respond to the conditions of reality, stressing that the defect that afflicted the methodology of the old theologists was the reliance on only one basis, which is reason that is separated from revelation in researching theological issues. In his attempt to promote and advance the science of theology, Al-Nursi relied on a set of foundations that were based on the universality of Islam, its eternal validity, and its ability to absorb the developments of each era. Al-Nursi relied on the Holy Quran as a primary foundation in his attempt to advance the science of theology.

This research investigates the impact of automating the Abshar irrigation network›s main canal on the adequacy and stability of surface water distribution. To achieve this, the study analyzes 30 years of historical discharge data at the Abshar diversion dam and selects seven representative operational scenarios. It then employs the Integral-Delay (ID) hydraulic simulation model to simulate surface water distribution in the main canal under each scenario (a total of 540 simulations). These simulations are compared with results obtained using a simplified Integral-Delay (ID) mathematical model. Additionally, the research develops a decentralized PI automatic control system model for the network. This control system model is then integrated with the Integral-Delay (ID) hydraulic simulation model within the MATLAB environment. By utilizing system identification techniques, the study determines the proportional and integral gains for each controller in the control system. Finally, the performance of the automated control system is evaluated by analyzing the simulated surface water distribution results for the chosen scenarios using performance indices related to water distribution adequacy and stability. This allows for a comparison of the automated control system›s effectiveness with the pre-automation scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

هدف هذا البحث إلى التحقق من فاعلية مدخل الرياضيات التنموية باستخدام إستراتيجية حل المشکلات فى تنمية التحصل والدافع للإنجاز لدى تلاميذ الصف الأول الإعدادى لتحقق هذا الهدف تم إعداد البرنامج المقترح وفى ضوء هذا البرنامج تم عمل وحدة "المعادلات والمتباينات" للصف الأول الإعدادى شملت مقرر الجبر للفصل الدراسى الثانى ، کما تم إعداد اختبار تحصيلى فى الوحدة سابقة الذکر، کما تم استخدام اختبار الدافع للإنجاز لفاروق عبد الفتاح موسى ، وقد طبقت أدوات القياس فى الفصل الدراسى الثانى من العام الدراسى (2013 – 2014 ) على مجموعتين من تلاميذ الصف الأول الإعدادى إحداهما تجريبية بلغ عددها (71) درست الوحدة باستخدام البرنامج المقترح من خلال تعاون معلمى ومعلمات الرياضيات بالمدرسة. والأخرى ضابطة وبلغ عددها (69) درست الوحدة بالطريقة العادية. وبعد انتهاء المجموعتين من الدراسة أعيد تطبيق أدوات القياس بعديًا. ملخص النتائج التى توصل إليها البحث يتمثل فى : لا يوجد فرق دال إحصائيًا بين متوسطى درجات الذکور والإناث فى التطبيق القبلى للاختبار التحصيلى الفصل الدراسى الأول يوجد فرق دال إحصائيًا بين متوسطى درجات المجموعة التجريبية فى التطبيق القبلى والبعدى فى الاختبار التحصيلى الفصل الدراسى الثانى لصالح التطبيق البعدى . يوجد فرق دال إحصائيًا بين متوسطى درجات المجموعة التجريبية فى التطبيق القبلى والبعدى فى مقياس الدافعية للإنجاز لصالح التطبيق البعدى . لا يوجد فرق دال إحصائيًا بين متوسطى درجات المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة فى التطبيق القبلى فى الاختبار التحصيلى. لا يوجد فرق دال إحصائيًا بين متوسطى درجات المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة فى التطبيق القبلى فى مقياس الدافعية للإنجاز. يوجد فرق دال إحصائيًا بين متوسطى درجات المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة فى التطبيق البعدى فى الاختبار التحصيلى لصالح المجموعة التجريبية . يوجد فرق دال إحصائيًا بين متوسطى درجات المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة فى التطبيق البعدى فى مقياس الدافعية للإنجاز لصالح المجموعة التجريبية.

The honey quality can vary based on various factors such as plant origin, geographical area, production method and storage. By determining the quality characteristics of honey, it is possible to ensure the quality level as well as the existence of fraud in it. In this study, some physico-chemical, rheological and microbiological characteristics of 14 types of honey of Sistan and Baluchestan and Qazvin provinces (six natural honey samples and one counterfeit honey sample from each province) were investigated. The results indicated that there was no significant difference between amounts of reducing sugar of natural honey samples. The highest significant sucrose value belonged to the counterfeit samples and Diyalabad Qazvin and Ziziphus honey of Chabahar had the lowest values. Moisture content of samples varied from 12.5 to 17.21%. Diastasis activity of counterfeit samples was zero and Astragalus-Thymus of Tarom Qazvin with 08.09 DN had the lowest diastase activity among the natural honey samples. HMFcontent of natural samples was in the range of 3.9 to 7.80 mg/kg whereas for Zabol and Qazvin counterfeit honey was measured 341 and 280 mg/kg respectively. The highest and lowest fructose to glucose ratio was obtained for the samples of Ziziphus of Chabahar (1.22) and Alhagi honey of Zabol (0.69). In general, Sistan and Baluchestan samples had the higher viscosity compared to Qazvin provine’s ones. Furthermore, the highest contamination of osmophilic yeasts and mold belonged to counterfeit honeys. According to the results of this study, the quality of honey can vary significantly depending on the geographical location and plant origin. Also, some quality indicators of honey, especially the amount of sucrose, diastase activity and hydroxymethylfurfural content can be used as useful tools to detect the adulteration of the product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Adolescent substance abuse is a growing concern of modern societies which causes a significant socio-economic burden on public health. The higher significance of this issue is based on the evidence indicating higher vulnerability of adolescent brains versus adults to the detrimental effects of psychoactive substances. During adolescence, brain circuits undergo developmental changes mediating specific behaviors such as novelty-seeking and risk-taking. Nowadays, tobacco smoking is one of the most popular habits among adolescents which could result in nicotine dependence at this early age. In the present study, the main objective was to reveal whether adolescent nicotine exposure, followed by a period of cessation, could affect the processes of learning and memory in future life. Moreover, we aimed to reveal whether the administration of omega-3 fatty acids could prevent nicotine withdrawal complications. Methods and Materials: Male Wistar rats were used as the experimental subjects. Morris water maze and passive avoidance test were done and the hippocampal levels/activity of oxidative stress markers, inflammatory indices, brainderived neurotrophic factor, amyloid-β, and acetylcholinesterase were measured. Results: We found that nicotine withdrawal during adolescence results in learning and memory impairment later in life by disturbing various biochemical markers within the hippocampal tissues. In addition, it was observed that coadministration of nicotine with omega-3 fatty acids significantly prevents nicotine-induced adverse effects through restoration of the mentioned biochemical changes. Conclusion: Our findings suggest the administration of omega-3 supplementation as a safe and effective therapeutic option for treating cognitive complications associated with nicotine abstinence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A kinetic analysis was performed to evaluate the antioxidant behavior of luteolin in the triacylglycerols of olive (TGO) and canola (TGC) oils. The process was performed at high (kinetic regime) oxygen concentrations at at 60, 80, and 100 °C in the dark. Different kinetic parameters were determined, including the stabilization factor F, the oxidation rate ratio ORR, the antioxidant activity (A) and the mean rate of inhibitor consumption WInH. The oxidative stability measures of the bulk olive and canola oils dramatically improved by the antioxidant added. Luteolin due to its increased partitioning at water-oil interface exerted a highest activity at 60°C and a concentration of 0.02%. Also, the rate of olive triacylglycerols oxidation increased significantly with increasing luteolin concentration at the corresponding temperature. This behavior was explained in terms of a more participation of antioxidant molecules and radicals in side reactions, i.e. 10 and 11 (In0+LH → InH +L0 ) and (InH +LOOH → products) , respectively). The rate constant of antioxidant consumption in side reaction(s) (Keff) and mean rate of initiation (Wi/f) values revealed that luteolin takes part in chain propagation and initiation reactions to a higher extent during TGC oxidation. Generally, the activity of luteolin increased and decreased, respectively, in TGO and TGC with rising temperature. This behavior was attributed to the change in the mechanism of inhibitory action with prevailing the reactions 7 (LOO0 + lnH → LOOH+ ln0) 8 (ln0+LOO0 → In-OOL), and 9 (In0 +In0 → products ) for olive oil, and pro-oxidative side reactions to a higher degree in TGC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Agriculture sector is one of the important sectors in the Egyptian national economy sectors. where this sector contributes to national food security, and it provide inputs for the industrial activity, its contribution has reached about 15% of GDP, and it contributes about 20% of total Egyptian exports. and many labors work within this sector which estimated about 7 million workers, it is representing about 31% of the total Egyptian labor force during 2010. Water efficiency is one of the important and vital issues for agricultural development, the research problem is reflected in the low efficiency of irrigation water use in agriculture as a result of misallocation of resources, also water losses increased to about 25%. as in accordance with the high rates of population growth and the stability of Egypt's quota of Nile water. The research aims to the production planning of Egyptian crops according to the available water resources by using linear programming model. To achieve its goals, research was based on quantitative and descriptive approaches in explaining the economic variables, the research used linear programming model to propose cropping patterns which aimed to maximize the net yield, in addition to the minimization of the Egyptian water needs. According to the results of restricted linear programming model, which is concerned with maximizing both the total net returns, and net return per unit of water to achieve positive rates of total net returns, which is estimated about 23.6. 25.9 billion L.E respectively. In addition to achieving positive rates of net return per unit of water (m3). Also the two restricted models have allowed the existence of many of the strategic crops for external export and domestic consumption. Therefore. this research recommended the need to apply two previous models in accordance with available water resources. According to results of linear programming model in the case of the minimization of water requirements, results showed that the restricted and unrestricted models have achieved positive rates of total net of return which estimated about 21.6. 15.7 billion L.E. respectively. in addition to the positive estimates of the net return per unit of water (m3) which estimated about 1.3. 0.2 L.E. respectively. As these two models have allowed the presence of many of the strategic crops either for domestic consumption or export. Therefore, this research recommends the need to apply those logical models in accordance with available water resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]