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به‌منظور بررسی تاثیر محلول‌پاشی سیلیسیم بر عملکرد و توزیع مجدد ماده خشک گندم در شرایط تنش خشکی، پژوهشی مزرعه‌ای در سال زراعی 95-1394 به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار در دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین خوزستان اجرا گردید. تیمار تنش خشکی شامل سه سطح آبیاری نرمال (بدون قطع آبیاری یا شاهد)، تنش خشکی از زمان ساقه‌روی تا گل‌دهی و تنش خشکی از گل‌دهی تا رسیدگی دانه به عنوان فاکتور اصلی و محلول‌پاشی سطوح دی‌اکسید سیلیسیم در هفت سطح شامل بدون سیلیسیم (شاهد)، کاربرد ذرات نانو و غیرنانو سیلیسیم در غلظت‌های 50، 100 و 150 میلی‌گرم در لیتر به‌عنوان فاکتور فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد که تنش خشکی در دوره ساقه‌روی تا گل‌دهی عملکرد دانه گندم نسبت به شرایط آبیاری معمول را در حدود 35 درصد کاهش داد. محلول‌پاشی سیلیسیم تا حدودی تاثیر منفی تنش خشکی بر عملکرد دانه را تقلیل داد. عملکرد دانه گندم با کاربرد غلظت 100 میلی‌گرم در لیتر سیلیسیم نانو (577.61 گرم در متر مربع) و 150 میلی‌گرم در لیتر سیلیسیم غیر نانو (527.73 گرم در متر مربع) به‌طور معنی‌داری بیشتر از سایر تیمارهای محلول‌پاشی شد. صرف نظر از تیمارهای محلول‌پاشی، توزیع مجدد ماده خشک در شرایط آبیاری معمول در حدود 11 درصد کمتر از شرایط تنش خشکی بود. بیشترین سهم توزیع مجدد از عملکرد دانه گندم مربوط به محلول‌پاشی با غلظت 100 میلی‌گرم در لیتر سیلیسیم نانو در شرایط تنش از گلدهی تا پایان دوره رشد بود. همچنین تنش خشکی سهم فتوسنتز جاری در پر کردن دانه‌ها را به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش داد.

به‌منظور بررسی کاشت گندم در بقایای گیاهی ذرت (بی‏خاک‏ورزی) و تأثیر آن بر میزان بذر و کود نیتروژن مصرفی در راستای کشاورزی پایدار، آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار و با سه عامل رقم، در دو سطح (بهرنگ (V1) و چمران (V2)، تراکم بذر در پنج سطح (50 (D1)، 100 (D2)، 150 (D3)، 200 (D4) و 250 (D5) کیلوگرم در هکتار) و کود نیتروژن از منبع اوره در 6 سطح (0 (N1)، 50 (N2)، 100 (N3)، 150 (N4)، 200 (N5) و 250 (N6) کیلوگرم در هکتار) در پاییز سال 1391 – 1390 در مزرعۀ کشاورزی واقع در جنوب دزفول به اجرا در آمد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس صفات مورد مطالعه نشان داد که اثرات رقم، کود نیتروژن و بذر مصرفی بر روی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی‏دار بود. مصرف بذر بیش از 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار عملکرد دانه را کاهش و افزایش مصرف نیتروژن تا سطح 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار موجب افزایش معنی‏دار در عملکرد دانه گردید. رقم چمران با میانگین عملکرد دانه70/413 کیلوگرم در هکتار نسبت به رقم بهرنگ برتری داشت و همچنین بهترین عملکرد دانه در تراکم 100 کیلوگرم بذر در هکتار با میانگین 5 تن در هکتار به‌دست آمد.

In order to investigate the effect of planting method and sugarcane residue compost fertilizer on morphological and physiological traits and grain yield of corn, a field experiment using a split-plot arrangement was accomplished in a randomized complete block design with four replicates in Mian-Ab, Shooshtar, south-west Iran in summer 2018. Experimental factors included four planting methods (on ridges, on watermark, in furrows, and on flat ground) as main factor in main plots and four amounts of sugarcane residues compost (0, 10, 20, and 30 t ha-1 ) in sub-plots. Results showed that the effects of planting method, sugarcane residue compost, and their interaction were significant on the leaf area index, plant height, ear height, SPAD, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, grains/ear, thousand grain weight and grain yield. Mean comparison showed that the maximum amount of the examined corn traits was obtained in furrow planting and using 30 t ha-1 of sugarcane residue compost and the lowest amounts were observed in ridge planting and absence of sugarcane residue compost. The highest grain yield (6497 kg ha-1 ) was achieved in furrow planting and presence of 30 t ha-1 of sugarcane residue compost and the lowest grain yield (3870 kg ha-1 ) was in ridge planting and absence of sugarcane residue compost. In general, it seems that furrow planting by providing better growth conditions and consumption of sugarcane residues compost fertilizer due perhaps to improvement in soil nutrient availability and moisture storage capacity increase the growth and grain yield of corn in Shooshtar region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: Drought stress, reduces physiologic, qualitative and yield traits of triticale. Also, using compost fertilizer has beneficial effects on physical, chemical and biological conditions of the soil and reducing the negative effect of environmental stresses like drought stress on physiologic and qualitative traits of crop plants. This study designed and carried out with aim to study the effect of sugarcane residue compost fertilizer on physiologic and qualitative traits of triticale under drought stress conditions in Ahwaz weather conditions in Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan. Materials and methods: In order to investigate the effect of sugarcane residue compost fertilizer on physiologic and qualitative traits of triticale under drought stress conditions, a field experiment using a split-plot arrangement accomplished in a randomized complete block design with four replicates in the research farm of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan during 2018-2019 growing season. Experimental factors include four levels of drought stress (complete irrigation, drought stress from spike emergence stage, drought stress from pollination stage and drought stress from milky-dough stage) in main plots and five amounts of sugarcane residues compost fertilizer (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 t ha-1) in sub-plots. Results: Analysis of variance showed that the effect of drought stress, sugarcane residue compost fertilizer and their interaction on the most of measured traits (SPAD, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, relative water content, cell membrane stability, canopy temperature, redistribution, grain yield, and grain protein, Fe and Zn content) were significant. Mean comparison of above measured traits in interaction effects of drought stress and sugarcane residue compost fertilizer showed that drought stress decreased these traits and the maximum amount of these traits was obtained in full irrigation and the lowest amount was observed in drought stress from spike emergence to complete maturity. Also, in different drought stress levels, with increasing the amount of sugarcane residue compost fertilizer, the amount of traits increased and reached a maximum at the level of 40 t ha-1. Therefore, the maximum amount of these traits was under full irrigation and 40 t ha-1 of sugarcane residue compost and the lowest amount of them was obtained in drought stress from spike emergence and non-use of sugarcane residue compost. Conclusion: Generally, drought stress from irrigation cut off decreased physiologic and qualitative traits of triticale. Also, in different drought stress levels with increasing the amount of sugarcane residue compost fertilizer, the amount of above traits increased. Therefore using sugarcane residues compost fertilizer decreased the negative impact of drought stress from spike emergence conditions on physiologic and qualitative traits of triticale between 6 to 46 percent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to increase the quality of agricultural products and improve healthy food production systems, application of organic fertilizers has become very important in agroecosystems. To investigate the effect of different concentrations and time of humic acid foliar application on the qualitative characteristics and shoot and grain micronutrients content of Triticale, an experiment was conducted at the Research Field of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan during the 2017-2018 growing season. The experimental design was a split plot based on the randomized complete block design with four replications. Treatments included the time of foliar application at four levels (tillering, stem elongation, flag leaf, anthesis) in the main plot and spraying concentrations at four levels (0, 200, 400 and 600 mg L-1) in the sub plots. The results showed that the foliar application of humic acid at the flag leaf and anthesis stages had the greatest impact on the plant physiological traits. The highest chlorophyll b content, leaf area index and total chlorophyll (SPAD) were obtained from the application of 600 mg L-1 humic acid and the highest chlorophyll a content was gained from the spraying of 400 mg L-1. The maximum grain iron (40.44 mg kg-1) was related to the spraying of 200 mg L-1 of fertilizer at the tillering stage. The highest protein yield (745.65 kg ha-1) was obtained from the foliar application of 200 mg L-1 humic acid in the flag leaf stage. The highest amount of manganese (30.73 mg kg-1) was related to the application at the stem elongation stage and the concentration of 200 mg L-1. Based on the findings of this study, humic acid foliar application can increase the accumulation of micronutrients in plant and improve the qualitative traits of triticale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to evaluate the effects of irrigation intervals, mycorrhizal fungi, and zeolite fertilizer on some Mung bean traits, a factorial splitting experiment has been conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications in Izeh region from July 2015 to July 1016. The main factor is irrigation interval at three levels (7, 10, and 13 days) along with the sub-factors involving Mycorrhiza inoculation (inoculated and non-inoculated) and zeolite (without consumption and 2 tons per hectare) as a factorial. Results from analysis of variance show that only interaction effect of irrigation, mycorrhiza and zeolite on stem weight, number of seeds per pod, and water use efficiency have been significant. The highest grain yield has been observed in irrigation intervals of seven days under inoculation and non-inoculation with fungus, as well as irrigation intervals of 10 days in inoculated mycorrhizal fungus. Also, it has been revealed that the use of zeolite in irrigation intervals of 10 and 13 days increases most traits. Similarly, results of water use efficiency show that use of Mycorrhiza fungus and zeolite fertilizer increases water use efficiency. Thus, by increasing the irrigation interval from 7 days to 10 days, the use of mycorrhiza and zeolite can prevent the decrease of water use efficiency. Finally, according to the results from this study, the use of mycorrhiza fungi and zeolite fertilizer can increase irrigation interval of mung bean from 7 to 10 days in the studied area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]