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Introduction Genotype × environment interaction is one of the complex issues in plant breeding programs to introduce high yielding and stable genotypes, which is evaluated using multi-regional experiments before the release of new cultivars. The presence of genotype × environment interaction causes the yield of cultivars to be affected by the environment and leads to differences in the yield of cultivars in different environments. AMMI and GGE-Biplot models are very important among the multivariate methods and have high resolution in identifying high yielding and stable genotypes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of promising bread wheat genotypes and to identify high yielding and stable genotypes in the cold climate of the Iran. Materials and methods Fourtheen wheat genotypes with winter and intermediate (facultative) growth type along with Mihan, Heydari, Zarrineh and Zare varieties as controls (a total of 18 genotypes) were investigated in randomized complete block design with three replications in research stations of Karaj, Hamadan, Mashhad, Jalgarokh, Miandoab, Ardabil, Arak, Eqlid, Tabriz and Qazvin. To analyze the data, first analysis of variance was seprately done in each year and location, and then combined analysis of variance was performed for grain yield after confirming the homogeneity of the variances of experimental errors. AMMI and GGE-Biplot methods were used to investigate the stability of the studied genotypes. AMMI stability parameters and simultaneous selection indices were also calculated based on these parameters. Research findings The results of combined analysis of variance showed that the main effect of environment and genotype and the interaction of genotype×environment accounted for 47.2, 9.8 and 28.3 percent of the total sum of squares, respectively. Genotypes G7, G8, G12, G2 and G1 had the highest grain yield and genotypes G15, G18, G10, G13, G14 and G16 had the lowest grain yield among the studied genotypes respectively. The results of AMMI analysis showed the existence of significant differences between environments, genotypes and their interactions. The first 12 significant principal components of AMMI analysis explained 98% of the genotype × environment interaction variance, and the first and second principal components explained a total of 46.27% of this variance. Based on the AMMI1 biplot, genotypes G8, G3, G1 and G4 and environments E9 and E5 with the higher grain yield than average grain yield and the lowest value of the first principal component were recognized as the most stable genotypes and environments. AMMI2 biplot did not identify a specific genotype as the genotype with general compatibility, however, G3 and G4 genotypes showed somewhat better general compatibility than the others. The simultaneous selection indices based on AMMI parameters identified G8, G12, G1, G4, and G3 genotypes with the lowest total rank as the stable and high yielding genotypes, respectively. The results of GGE-Biplot method based on biplot of the average yield and stability, introduced G8, G4, G3 genotypes followed by G1 as the most stable genotypes, due to grain yield higher than the average of the studied genotypes. Which-won-where biplot pattern divided the studied genotypes and environments into five and three groups, respectively, so that G12, G11, G3 and G4 genotypes in Karaj and Miandoab and G5, G7 and G8 genotypes in Jalgerokh and Mashhad showed better adaptation in both years. According to the biplot of the ranking of genotypes, there was no ideal genotype, but G8, G3, G5, G7 and G4 genotypes with the smallest distance from the hypothetical ideal genotype were identified as the best genotypes. Conclusion The results of this study showed that there is a little difference between AMMI and GGE-Biplot analyzes and both methods presented the same genotypes as superior genotypes. However, it is more logical to select genotypes using simultaneous selection indices based on AMMI analysis parameters, because all significant components are included in the calculation of these parameters. Therefore, based on simultaneous selection indices, genotypes G8, G12, G1, G4 and G3 with the lowest total rank are introduced as stable and high yielding genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Pregnancy-related back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders during pregnancy. In some women, pregnancy-related back pain can be the beginning of chronic back pain for the rest of life and the cause of subsequent problems and disabilities. This study was performed with aim to systematically review the effectiveness of conservative management and physical therapy modalities in pregnancy-related low back pain and pelvic girdle pain. Methods: A search was done in Persian language databases, including the Scientific Information Database (SID), MagIran, Iran Medex and the English-language EMBASE, including Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, Scopus, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED) and MEDLINE (Pubmed) without time limitation until September 2022 using the keywords‬ included‬ (“Pregnancy”‬ OR‬ “Postnatal‬ Care”)‬ AND‬ (“Pelvic‬ Girdle‬ Pain”‬ OR‬ “low‬ back‬ pain”‬ OR‬ “Lower‬ Back‬ Pain”‬ OR‬ “Low‬ Back‬ Ache”) AND (“Conservative‬ Management”‬ OR‬ “Self-management”‬ OR‬ “Complementary‬ Medicine”‬ OR‬ “Alternative‬ Medicine”‬ OR‬ “Alternative‬ Therapy”‬ OR‬ “Physical‬ Therapy”‬OR‬“Kinesio‬Tape”‬OR‬“Acupuncture”‬OR‬“Manual‬Therapy”‬OR‬“Muscle‬ Training”‬OR‬“Cupping‬Treatment”‬OR “Cupping‬Therapy”‬OR‬“Cupping‬Treatment”‬ OR‬ “Acupressure”‬ OR‬ “Massage‬ Therapy”‬ OR‬ “Belt”‬ OR‬ “Physical‬ Activity”‬ OR “Aquatic‬Therapy”‬OR‬“Hydrotherapy”‬OR‬“Exercise‬Therapy”‬).‬The‬Cochrane‬Risk‬ of Bias tool was applied to evaluate the quality of the studies. Results: Eighty-six articles entered the final results. Ergonomic training and low and moderate-intensity exercises lead to pain relief and functional improvement in pregnancy-related back or pelvic girdle pain sufferers. Local and auricular acupuncture, Kinesio taping, and modified belts separately or in combination with other methods lead to pain relief and improved performance. Conclusion: Clinicians can recommend conservative multidisciplinary management combining ergonomic training and exercise with acupuncture, Kinesio taping, and belts to manage pregnancy-related back and pelvic girdle pain. Care should be taken in choosing other interventions due to the lack of evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying the nature of the genotype×environment interaction provides the possibility of identifying stable and compatible genotypes for breeders, and it has always been one of the important issues in the production and release of new stable and high-yield cultivars in breeding projects. The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the response of genotypes in each of the studied areas, based on AMMI and GGE biplot models and better understanding of the genotype×environment interaction and determining the level of public and private stability of cultivars. Twenty facultative and winter wheat genotypes were cultivated and evaluated in nine regions (18 environments) during the two crop years of 2017 to 2019 in a randomized complete block design with three replications. In order to analyze the compatibility and stability of genotypes, AMMI and GGE biplot models were used. The results of AMMI analysis showed that the main effect of genotype, genotype×environment interaction effect and the first six principal components were significant at the 1% probability level. The first and second principal components explained about 51% of the sum of squares of the genotype×environment interaction effect. Based on SSiASV and SSiWAAS simultaneous selection indices, genotypes G13, G1, G3, G2, G6, G16, and G7 were identified as the best genotypes. Biplot analysis showed that the genotypes G1, G3, and G6 with average yield had the highest general stability compared to other genotypes. None of the genotypes can be considered as desirable genotypes that have high average yield and high yield stability, but genotype G16 and in the next stage the genotypes G1 and G13 were close to the ideal genotype. Polygon biplot model divided environments into two environmental groups (macro environment) and genotypes into four groups. The first environmental group included Kar1, Kar2, Qaz1, Qaz2, Ham1, Ham2, Mia2, Egl1, Jol2, Ard2, and Ara1 environments, with G16, G17, and G4 genotypes having the highest yield. The second environmental group included Mas1, Mas2, Mia1, Ard1, Jol1, Ara1, and Egl2 environments, and in this macro environment G2, G11, G7, and G12 genotypes had the highest yield. Finally, the examination of the relationships among the environments showed a very high correlation among the investigated environments, which indicated the similar behavior of the genotypes in the most of the tested environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a global pandemic. There is an urgent need for finding efficient medical treatments to diminish the high mortality rate of the mutant variants of the virus. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of edaravone in patients with moderate COVID-19. Methods. This single-center non-randomized controlled clinical trial was performed on hospitalized patients with moderate COVID-19. The patients were divided into two groups of intervention (n=17) and control (n=16). Patients in the intervention group received three doses of edaravone (30 mg) for three interval days (Days 2, 4, and 6). Admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), need for intubation, and mortality were the primary outcomes. Results. All cases had 15-60% lung involvement. Although edaravone reduced the admission to ICU, need for intubation, and mortality rate in patients with moderate COVID-19, the results were not statistically significant. Baseline characteristics, admission days, and clinical parameters were similar between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion. Administration of edaravone 30 mg for three days had no significant effect on the overall outcome of patients with moderate COVID-19. Practical Implications. In this study, none of the COVID-19 patients receiving edaravone had ICU admission, intubation, and mortality. However, no significant difference was found between the clinical outcomes of the control and intervention groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sepsis, which is a common inflammatory response to severe infection, is one of the major causes of mortality in hospitalized patients. Sepsis, severe sepsis or sepsis syndrome, and eventually septic shock, may be seen in the development of infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term and long-term mortality in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock in centers with low antibiotic resistance. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, blood culture samples and peripheral blood samples were taken from all patients for para-clinical tests. The severity of severe sepsis and septic shock was assessed by the APACHE II and SOFA clinical criteria. Sepsis risk factors and primary causes of sepsis were recorded. Results: From 100 patients, 55% had severe sepsis and 45% had septic shock. SOFA24h and SOFA96h scores were significantly higher in patients with septic shock. The most common primary cause of sepsis was related to abdominal infections with a frequency of 42%. The frequency of confirmed positive blood culture was 53%. The most commonly isolated pathogen was E.coli with a frequency of 66%. Short-term mortality was 29% and longterm mortality was 28.2%. Conclusion: The main risk factors affecting the mortality of patients were age-related septic shock, cardiovascular disease; hypertension, immunosuppression, and SOFA score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is known to be the most resistant pathogen in hospitals, which can infect both the health workers and patients. The most common site for colonization is the anterior part of the nose and throat.In order to prevent and control the infection and the role of medical personnel as a carrier for transmitting infection, the aim of this study was to determine the amount of nasal colonization with MRSA in the medical staff of Sina and Imam Reza Hospital in Tabriz. Methods: The present cross-sectional study evaluated 400 participants. From the entire medical staff of Sina and imam Reza hospitals in 2017 who were willing to participate in this study. Sterile swabs inserted in to the anterior region of the nose. Then swabs were immediately cultured in a laboratory in mannitol salt agar blood agar for 24 hours and incubated for 48 to 72 hours, to determine the MRSA strains, Cefoxitin disc method was used in Muller Hinton Agar culture media. Descriptive statistical methods and Chi² test was used for statistical analyses. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: 55% of the health care workers (220) were carriers of Staphylococcus aureus, mean age was 38.27 ± 8.72 years and 61.8% were male. Internal ward health care workers were common Staphylococcus aureus carriers and diabetes was the most common systemic disease. Out of 37.8% had a history of previous hospital admission and 87.2% had antibiotic use. Also, methicillin resistance was observed in out of 32.7% of subjects. Conclusion: Constant control of infectious agents and the use of Proper antibiotics can be effective in controlling carriers and even drug-resistant cases [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]