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تَعدّ فعالية عدو 100 متر للرجال واحده من أهم الفعاليات المميزة بألعاب القوى، وهي تتطلب قدرات بدنية عالية وقابليات حركية خاصة بالإضافة إلى بعض المواصفات الجسمية، وكبقية فعاليات الركض السريع الأخرى فان الأداء فيها يعتمد على تطبيق النواحي الفنية بشكل متكامل، والتي تعتمد بشكل فعال ومؤثر على الشروط البايوميكانيكية. وتبرز أهمية البحث من خلال الاهتمام المتواصل بالإنجازات الرياضية والاستمرار في عملية تطويرها والى أهمية التحليل الحركي في كشف أهم نقاط الضعف لدى العدائيين، والى أهمية تحقيق المسافات الجزئية بأفضل زمن ممكن والتي تصنع الفارق في أسرع سباق لفعاليات ألعاب القوى. وتمحورت المشكلة المعرفية للدراسة في التساؤل عن امكانية التعرف على نسب المساهمة لبعض المسافات الجزئية بالإنجاز والتركيز على نقاط الضعف التي يعاني منها العداء في تحقيق الزمن المثالي للمسافة المطلوبة والعمل على تحليل هذه الجزئيات وتطبيقاتها في تطوير الإنجاز. وإلى إهمال استعمال التحليل الحركي والتعرف على نقاط الضعف بدقة عالية، أضافة الى عدم الاهتمام من قبل المدربين بخصائص هذه القيم لكي يبرمجوا برامجهم التدريبية بغية تحقيق أهدافهم بأسرع ما يمكن وبأقل جهد. وهدف البحث إلى التعرف على القيم الرقمية لزمن المسافات الجزئية (30, 60 , 80) متر وعلى نسبة مساهمة هذه المسافات في الإنجاز النهائي. واستخدم الباحثون المنهج الارتباطي (دراسة العلاقات الارتباطية) لملاءمته طبيعة مشكلة الدراسة واختاروا مجتمع البحث من عدائي 100 متر النخبة العراقيين وعددهم (10)عدائين مثلوا 100% من عينة البحث، أخذوا بأسلوب الحصر الشامل وأجري الاختبار عليهم في ملعب النجف الأشرف الدولي ، وتم أستعمل (10) كاميرات تحليل نوع (CASIO FH13.5) بسرعة 120 لقطة بالثانية وتم التحليل ببرنامج التحليل(Kenova ) وبعد تحليل ومناقشة النتائج توصل الباحثون الى وجود نسبة مساهمة كبيرة بين زمن مسافة (30, 60) متر مع الإنجاز ،وعدم وجود نسبة مساهمة بين زمن مسافة (80) متر مع الإنجاز وفي ضوء ذلك يوصي الباحثون بإجراء دراسات موسعه لهذه الفعالية لتشخيص نقاط الضعف والقوه في الأداء الفني والاهتمام بالجانب البايوميكانيكي والتحليل الحركي .

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Background and Objective: Cardiovascular diseases are a main reason of disability and death around the world. Evidence suggests that many social and individualbased health-related factors are changeable and modifiable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a theory-based intervention based on the health belief model on health-promoting lifestyle behaviors in individuals susceptible to cardiovascular diseases. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experiment, we recruited 180 individuals having at least two risk factors out of five cardiovascular risk factors, including smoking, diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, and obesity. Data were gathered in three phases (before, immediately after, and five months after implementing the intervention) using the health-promoting lifestyle questionnaire (HPLQ), general health questionnaire (GHQ), and a designed questionnaire to measure the health belief model constructs. The intervention included five training sessions based on the health belief model. Data were analyzed using the statistical tests in the SPSS. Results: Findings showed that the theory-based educational intervention was effective in improving some domains of lifestyle, including nutrition, physical activity, interpersonal relationships, stress management and health accountability. Also, the mean blood pressure and the mean tobacco use showed a significant decrease in the intervention group after the intervention. Educational intervention also led to improvements in health belief model constructs including perceived susceptibility, perceived severity and perceived benefits (P<0.001). Conclusion: Intervention based on an individual-based health behavior change model resulted in improving some lifestyle dimensions, model’s constructs and clinical outcomes. In order to provide wider and sustained changes, using ecologic models of behavior change including inter-personal, organizational and communitybased models are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The sense of smell gives unexplainable quality to human life. The impairment in this sense will create lots of problems. The MRI and the SPECT are two ways of olfactory evaluation that none of none of them golden standard. Bayesian latent class model is the correct way to determine the diagnostic value of these tests. Methods: The MRI and the SPECT tests performed on 63 patients who were referred to Yazd Shahid Rahnemoon Hospital from July 2011 to September 2012.. The results, as the maximum likelihood function were combined with prior distribution, using Markov chain Monte Carlo in Winbugs 1.4.3 software and the the posterior distribution median was presented as the parameter estimation. Both dependent and independent conditional models were compared using information deviation criterion (DIC). Results: The sensitivity and specificity of the MRI to detect abnormal olfactory in the conditional dependent model, was 58% and 89% respectively and 73% and 84% for the SPECT. Positive and negative predictive values were calculated for both tests. Convergence chains and goodness of fit model was confirmed using time-series charts and Brook-Gelman-Rubin and Bayesian p-value. Considering the lower criterion DIC for the dependent model, this model was determined the best to fit to the data. Conclusion: In Latent Class Model, different results are obtained from the non-used model. It is better to fit both dependent and conditional independent models into the data, and finally compare them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Gastric cancer is one the most common gastrointestinal tract cancers in Iran, with East-Azerbaijan Province ranking second in the country. The objectives of this research were to determine the feasibility of using cure models in survival analysis and factors affecting short-term and long-term patient survival rates using the mixture cure cox model. Materials and Methods: We used the available information on 184 patients diagnosed with gastric cancer in East-Azerbaijan Province cities referring to medical centers during the period 2009-2010 and followed up for 5 years. Results: The median of survival time was 8.33 months (95% CI = 5.9-10.6). Fitting the univariate and final cox cure models showed that in the short-term survival the effect of the chemotherapy factor was statistically significant (Hazard ratio =0.49, 95% CI = 0.34, 0.69, pvalue <0.001). Conclusion: If the population under study consists of two groups of susceptible and nonsusceptible individuals for the intended incident, the mixture cure models can be used for the discrete analysis of long-term and short-term survival of patients diagnosed with gastric cancer and identification of variables affecting the two survival rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Epidemiologic studies have reported a wide range of prevalence rates for oral lesions across the world. This study aimed to determine the frequency of oral lesions among patients of the Department of Oral Medicine, Shahid Beheshti Dental School, Tehran, Iran in 2014-2015. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, forms including demographical information, clinical features of lesions, and medical history were filled out by 2465 patients. Oral lesions were categorized into six groups and were studied clinically and or histopathologically. Anatomic normal variations were not included in the study. Chi-square and Fischerís exact tests were used to analyze the data. Results: Out of a total of 2465 patients, 224(9.6%) presented with oral lesions. The frequency of oral lesions among women (122, 51.3%) was statistically higher than men (116, 48.7%) (p= 0.009). White-red lesions (104, 4.22%) were found to be the most frequent group of lesions while geographic tongue (35, 1.42%) was the most common type of lesion. Most oral lesions were found in the age range of 40-60 years. However, no significant difference was found among age groups in terms of presence of oral lesions. Most oral lesions were found in the labial mucosa. Conclusion: An oral lesion frequency rate of 9.6% was found in our study, with white-red lesions being the most common group and geographic tongue being the most frequent type of lesion. The most common site of oral lesions was the labial mucosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Arbitrary use of antibiotics has caused resistance to antibiotics to become a major health problem. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on the health belief model on reduction of arbitrary use of antibiotics in women referred to health units under coverage of South Tehran Health Center Materials and Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial including 396 patients, conducted in 10 randomly health centers allocated as intervention or control groups. The data were collected using questionnaires. The educational intervention included holding educational classes, distribution of pamphlets, hanging posters/flyers, and sending SMSes. The content of education was based on health pattern constructs as regards effects of arbitrary use of antibiotics. Before and after the intervention, the questionnaires were completed by the subjects and the resulting data analyzed using the SPSS software and appropriate statistical tests. Results: Analysis of the data showed statistically significant differences between mean scores of the health belief model components (knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers) and practice in both the intervention and control groups before and after the educational intervention (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Considering the self-reported increased awareness and decreased practice in the intervention group, it seems that the health belief model is an appropriate model for reducing arbitrary use of antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: This study was conducted to assess the quality of life as an outcome of health services among high school students in Tehran, Iran. Shfsk shfsk kfhk s Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1500 high school students in Tehran, Iran. Data were collected using the health-related quality of life questionnaire “KIDSCREEN-27” and analyzed using SPSS software version 23. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. dfklj lsfjsl slfjsl slfjs slfj sljfls dlfjslfj slfjslf jsljf sljfsl slfjslf sl jlsjf slfjs s Results: The quality of life amongst the participants was found to be moderate. The highest and lowest scores were for the parents' relations and physical and psychological wellbeing dimensions, respectively. Based on multivariate linear regression, gender was a statistically significant predictor of the physical wellbeing dimension. Further analysis of the data showed gender and choosing a family to live with to be statistically significant predictors of psychological wellbeing dimension, while maternal education and choosing a family to live with were statistically significant predictors of parents' relations and autonomy dimension. Finally, father's job and choosing a family to live with were predictors of peer and social support and school environment dimensions, respectively. Sjfhs skh fskh skhfsljslfjsd s lhs slfhsl slfh Conclusion: The quality of life of the participants was moderate, which is not acceptable. It is recommended to design and implement intervention programs to improve the quality of life of high school students with an emphasis on physical and psychological wellbeing dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Social capital refers to the norms and networks that make people to cooperate in social actions for gaining reciprocal advantages. Focusing of its importance on health, the aim of this study was to evaluate social capital in the students of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 180 students of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences in the fields of medicine, public health, nursing, laboratory sciences, anesthesia ,and operation roomusing simple random sampling in 2014. Bullen social capital questionnaire was used for data collection. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: The results showed that among all the social capital issues, the highest average (56.29±20.56) belonged to the“communication with friends and family” and the lowest average (41.56±20.39) to the “participation in the community activities”. Also social capital showed a significant association with the variables such as educational level, educational field, marital status, place of residence and indigenous status (p<0.05). Conclusion: Considering the significant association of the social capital with the educational and demographic variables s, interventions by stakeholders may increase the social capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Chemical hair color are one of the most widely used cosmetics. The presence of heavy metals in these products can affect the health of consumers. Unlike other cosmetics, no study has been conducted on the heavy metal levels in the synthetic chemical hair colors. This study determined the concentration of heavy metals in these products and the risk assessment of non-carcinogenic effects by these elements were calculated. Material and Method: 32 samples of chemical hair color from eight brands (3 local and 5 imported ones) and four most used colors were collected from the markets in Tehran. The concentration of cadmium, lead, and barium was determined using ICP-MS. The information required to assess exposure risk was gathered through a questionnaire distributed among citizens of Tehran. The assessment of exposure was conducted using Mont Carlo method and non-carcinogenic risk was determined using the index of Hazard Quotient. . Results: Barium concentration measured was 0.86 mg/kg and concentrations of Cadmium and Lead were 0.45 and 185.34 µg/kg respectively. Among the elements, Pb with Hazard Quotient equals to 7.46×10-4 had the most risk and cadmium with Hazard Quotient equals to 3.57×10-5 had the lowest risk. Moreover, the Iranian brand and blond had the highest risk among the samples. Conclusion: Based on the index of Hazard Quotient, heavy metals in the studied samples had no risk for consumers of these products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]