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The way emotions and thoughts affect each other in daily life deeply impacts an individual's well‐being. This experience sampling study (N = 132, 24 random‐schedule signals in 6 days) aimed to (a) test the bidirectionality of within‐person concurrent (simultaneous) and prospective (from time t‐1 to time t) associations between real‐life emotions and thoughts; (b) explore the moderator roles of dispositions involving the ability to take an aware and detached perspective on inner experience (i.e., mindfulness, decentering, nonattachment and low rumination) in the abovementioned associations. Multilevel within‐person and multilevel lagged models assessed concurrent and prospective links, respectively. Emotions and thoughts showed concurrent associations, and prospective associations only between same‐valence emotions and thoughts. Low rumination and decentering strengthened the—respectively—simultaneous and prospective relationship between positive thoughts and positive emotions; decentering, nonattachment and low rumination suppressed the positive association between lagged negative emotions and present negative thoughts. Decentering also nullified the negative concurrent link between positive thoughts and negative emotions. Mindfulness and nonattachment strengthened the concurrent negative link between negative thoughts and positive emotions. Dispositions involving a detached perspective on inner experience improve individual abilities to deal with negative emotions and promote upward spirals between positive emotions and thoughts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine if the Central Sensitization Inventory questionnaire (CSI) functions as a mental health measure among a cross-section of people seeking musculoskeletal specialty care, we asked: (1) What is the association of CSI total score and item groupings identified in factor analysis with mental health measures? and (2) What is the association between specific CSI items that represent each factor well and specific mental health measures? One hundred and fifty-seven adults seeking specialty care for musculoskeletal symptoms completed the CSI, a measure of catastrophic thinking, and 3 measures of distress (symptoms of health anxiety, general anxiety, and depression). Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify item groupings. Exploratory factor analysis identified 4 item groupings (factors): (1) thoughts and feelings (mental health), accounting for 52% of the variation in the CSI, (2) urinary and visual symptoms (15%) (3) body aches (10%), and (4) jaw pain (8.1%). More than half the variation in both the CSI total score (51%) and the thoughts and feelings factor (57%) were accounted for by variation in measures of catastrophic thinking and distress. Specific items that account for large amounts of the variation in the CSI also had notable correlations with mental health measures. The strong relationship between the CSI and thoughts and emotions suggests that the CSI functions largely as a mental health measure. If the concept of central sensitization is to help people get and stay healthy, it will depend on evidence that central sensitization can be measured and quantified distinct from mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research discusses Hamka's thoughts, especially on Surah An-Nisa' 34-35, regarding women's education within the family sphere. The role of women as primary educators in the family is the main focus. The aim of this research is to analyze Hamka's thoughts on the role of women in the family, their responsibilities in supporting their husbands as family leaders, and their contributions to building a household. The methodology employed in this research is a qualitative approach using literature review methods to gather data from various literary sources, which are then analyzed using inductive approaches and content analysis techniques. Additionally, this research discusses women's rights related to education and teaching, as well as their right to demand justice within the family, in line with Islamic values and Indonesian government regulations. In his thoughts, Hamka emphasizes that women have responsibilities within the household and must obey their husbands as leaders, but they also have the right to participate in society and have access to education and justice, in accordance with Islamic principles and applicable legal regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aims to demonstrate the extent of the Holy Qur’an’s interest in building thought and its keenness to protect it from any influences. These verses in the Holy Quran build aciculums of facts faraway from deviation and study of myths. It treats the reasons deviation which make human deviation not just for person but for all society which threat Muslims and their security and thoughts in order to denigrate the fact of Islam which depend of the average thinking, feeling, behavior not allow and warning of violence and height or default dissolution of the duties that excuse Alwasatya Curriculum and moderation for both sides, Excessive duties its deviation which lead to bad things. Methods: In my study, I have employed a descriptive approach based on analysis to examine and explain the causes of intellectual deviation and how the H In my study, I have employed a descriptive approach based on analysis to examine. Results: I have reached explain the causes of intellectual deviation and how the Holy Qur’an addresses them through systematic, scientific principles. The Qur’an, free from falsehood, equips Muslims to confront misguided and deviant ideas, fortifying their sound thought. This fortification enables them to effectively counter any erroneous ideologies.oly Qur’an addresses them through systematic, scientific principles. The Qur’an, free from falsehood, equips Muslims to confront misguided and deviant ideas, fortifying their sound thought. This fortification enables them to effectively counter any erroneous ideologies. Conclusions: The conclusion was that the Muslim is able to confront and fight deviant and misguided thoughts because he has built his sound thought and fortified it, and thus he has become able to confront any deviant thought. Keywords: The Holy Quran, Thought, Deviation, Extremism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to systematically consolidate evidence on perspectives and thoughts of women living with HIV regarding the peer support they have encountered during pregnancy and after childbirth. Design: Mixed studies systematic review. Data Sources: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus and ProQuest were sourced from 1981 to January 2022. Methods: A convergent qualitative synthesis approach was used to analyse the data. Quality appraisal was performed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Results: A total of 12 studies were included, involving 1596 pregnant women and 1856 new mothers living with HIV. An overarching theme, 'From One Mother to Another: The Supportive Journey of Pregnant Women and New Mothers Living with HIV', and two themes were identified: (1) Emotional support buddies and extended networks and (2) Link bridge to healthcare support and self‐empowerment. Conclusion: Peer support played an indispensable role in the lives of women living with HIV and served as a complementary support system to professional and family support. Impact: What problem did the study address? Pregnant women and new mothers living with HIV face preconceived stigma and discrimination. What were the main findings? Peer support was perceived to be beneficial in enhancing emotional support among women living with HIV and was well‐accepted by them. Where and on whom will the research have an impact? Healthcare providers and community social workers could develop or enhance peer support educational programmes tailored to pregnant women and new mothers living with HIV. Policymakers and administrators can leverage public awareness, advocacy and political will to formulate and implement policies and campaigns aimed at fostering awareness and receptivity towards peer support interventions. Reporting Method: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA). Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this editors corner, the section editors were asked to indicate where they see the autophagy field heading and to suggest what they consider to be key unanswered questions in their specialty area.

Abstract Islamic law provides many methods for deciding a case, starting from the lafdziyah method to the makawiyah method carried out by four madzhab imams, one of whom is famous is Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal. This research aims to describe the history of the life and thoughts of Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal. The method used is qualitative with literature study techniques then descriptive analysis is carried out. The research results show that Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal is a Sunni Islamic cleric from Baghdad, Iraq. His thinking tends towards literalism and conservatism in the interpretation of religion. This is because the legal istinbath method used by him is based on Nash (Al-Quran and Sunnah), Fatwa of the Companions, Mursal hadith, dha'if hadith, and Qiyas. One example of the application of legal istinbath in fiqh carried out by Imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal is regarding the law on female judges in Islam where he believes that women should not be judges based on Nash Al-Quran surah An-Nnisa verse 34. However, in the current era, it is less relevant if it continues to be implemented because the ability to become a leader, judge, or any other profession should not be based on gender. This is also in line with the thoughts of Yusuf Al-Qardawi and several contemporary scholars who have gender-friendly thoughts. Keywords: History of the Life; Thoughts; Imam; Ahmad bin Hanbal.

Humans are facing a global mental health crisis. The need to navigate the unseen yet influential forces of our thoughts and emotions has never been greater. This study employs Q-methodology to explore and reveal our subjective inner landscape. Through rigorous systematic collection and condensing of a range of diverse views and opinions on the thoughts and emotions associated with the goal pursuit journey, a set of 40 Clarity Cards were generated. Via participant sorting and factor analysis, four distinct patterns of thoughts and emotions were revealed, and the Clarity Compass framework developed. Findings highlight the normalcy of self-doubt, overwhelm, anxiety and stress in goal pursuit, and the need to navigate these necessary ‘negatives’ to create springboard states. The Clarity Compass and Clarity Cards are offered as a tool to guide this inner world exploration.

Dummett, Hanks, Künne, and Bobzien have all stated or implied that when Frege wrote 'Über Sinn und Bedeutung', Frege believed that the sense of a sentence-question was not a thought. I present the passage of 'Über Sinn und Bedeutung' which is relevant to the evaluation of that proposition. I then present and evaluate an argument which I assume to be the best argument based on that passage for that proposition. I argue that the argument is likely to be unsound. I also address the question whether Frege believed that sentence-questions could be true or false and discuss what Frege did say and what he should have said about logical-alternative questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Think Aloud (TA) has recently been used to capture cyclists' attentional focus and decision-making processes during exercise performance. However, the impact of using TA on self-paced exercise performance has not been empirically investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of TA on cycling time-trial performance (i.e., reactivity). This research also sought to investigate the associations between thought processes, cognition, and psychophysiology to better understand the psychology of pacing behaviour. Eight trained cyclists and eight untrained participants completed a 16 km baseline, No TA, and TA cycling time-trial. Perceived exertion and affect were measured during trials, and cognitive performance (i.e., via a flanker task) before and after trials. No difference in finish time, cognitive performance, or perceptual measures was found between the TA and No TA conditions, suggesting that TA does not adversely affect endurance performance. Interoceptive and self-regulatory verbalizations increased, whereas distraction-related verbalizations decreased as the time-trial progressed. This possibly reflects an external-to-internal shift in attention and subsequent self-regulatory efforts. This is reinforced by greater distraction-related verbalizations in a positive versus negative affective state. Power output verbalizations were significantly higher for trained cyclists versus their untrained counterparts. Concluding, TA appears feasible to adopt without undue influence on cycling time-trial performance. The technique can be used to investigate the psychology of endurance performance and could help develop theory-informed psychological interventions to optimise pacing and performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Al-Anbar University for Islamic Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan is considered well known intellectual of India and he served as most remarkable educational reformer during Colonial era. Sir Syed considered an important Muslim leader in India who had good collaboration with English Statesmen after 1857. With socio-political contribution, Syed Ahmad Khan, who had profound a political insight presented his religious ideas. Although his religious concepts created different conspiracies among the Muslims of India, especially the religious class opposed his religious theories and declared these stance against the spirit of Islam. This paper is an analytical study about the religious thoughts of Sir Syed which critically explore the religious thoughts of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan.

The article is devoted to substantiate the need to clarify the definition of emotional intelligence (hereinafter referred to as EI). With consideration to the accumulated data on the neurophysiological foundations of EI and psychological trauma, as well as to the methods of psychotherapeutic work of various directions with human emotions and feelings, the introduction of a new element in the definition and structure of EI – emotional sensitivity (hereinafter referred to as ES) – is proposed and argued. ES is considered as the ability to focus attention on your emotions and feelings, be in contact with them, fully experience, be aware of them, immerse yourself into them, live deeply in safe conditions, distance yourself from them if necessary, and return to your experiences again. If the ability to realise one’s emotions and feelings is integrative, affective-cognitive in nature, then ES is the emotional basis of awareness of them, which is proposed to be distinguished separately as an independent and most important element of EI. In general, EI appears as an emotional-cognitive-personal education when the integrative essence of the concept, consisting in the unity of affective and cognitive processes of a person, is emphasised and reflected. In long-term psychotherapy, special and particular attention is given to the development of such an ability as ES. However, due to its important practical significance in people’s daily life, it should be showed in the definitions of EI and remembered in all forms of psychological work with a person.

The dynamic nature of fire often leads language users to use it as a symbol to express metaphors that support certain meanings and profile specific values. This study is conducted to elucidate the meanings supported by fire metaphors and the values implied by fire metaphors while outlining the process of interpreting fire metaphors. Specifically, this study reveals the interpretation process that occurs when processing the meaning of fire metaphors, ultimately allowing the interpretation of fire's value in Malay thinking. This study utilises content analysis methods and data generated from the Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Corpus, analysed using Stöver's (2010) New Hybrid Model to achieve this goal. The Three Processing Model, which is more modular and systematic, is proposed in this model. A total of 2400 lexical concordances related to fire were examined, and 94 data were identified as fire metaphors. The study findings show that fire metaphors are used to emphasise emotions, explain the intensity of emotions, enhance affective effects, and criticise individuals' states, attitudes or actions. Based on the analysed data, it was found that the frequency of fire metaphors implying negative values is 63.9%, while the frequency of positive values is 36.1%. The collocation and context of the discussed metaphors determine the categorisation of these values. It turns out that religion, culture, and social factors have a significant influence on Malay people's perception of fire. This study is expected to provide fresh insights into the power of metaphor interpretation procedures that emphasise more systematic cognitive semantic and pragmatic considerations for uncovering the meaning of metaphors and highlighting the values manifested by the fire lexical and cluster of fire lexical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Cognition is central to the experience of insomnia. Although unhelpful thoughts about and around insomnia are a primary treatment target of cognitive behaviour therapy for insomnia, cognitive constructs are termed and conceptualised differently in different theories of insomnia proposed over the past decades. In search of consensus in thinking, the current systematic review identified cognitive factors and processes featured in theoretical models of insomnia and mapped any commonality between models. We systematically searched PsycINFO and PubMed for published theoretical articles on the development, maintenance and remission of insomnia, from inception of databases to February, 2023. A total of 2458 records were identified for title and abstract screening. Of these, 34 were selected for full‐text assessment and 12 included for analysis and data synthesis following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We identified nine distinguishable models of insomnia published between 1982 and 2023 and extracted 20 cognitive factors and processes featured in these models; 39 if sub‐factors were counted. After assigning similarity ratings, we observed a high degree of overlap between constructs despite apparent differences in terminologies and measurement methods. As a result, we highlight shifts in thinking around cognitions associated with insomnia and discuss future directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La question du « normal » et du « pathologique » – bien que souvent abordée par le passé – reste assez omniprésente et, par certains aspects, non résolue, au travers de la diversité de nos consultations et de nos activités d'expertise. En témoignent les mises à jour récursives du DSM et autres CIM/ICD. En témoigne également notre propension naturelle à identifier ce qui pose problème (le « pathologique ») davantage que ce qui n'en pose pas. Comment faire la différence à tout moment ? Quelles sont les marges endéans lesquelles pouvons-nous nous positionner ? (Abraham, 1964). Le présent article a pour but de fournir une réponse claire, simple et pragmatique nous permettant de nous positionner sans perte de temps à cet égard. The question of what is "normal" and what is "pathological" – although often addressed in the past – remains quite ubiquitous and in some respects, unresolved, because of the diversity of our consultations and our activities as practitioners as well as in the various existing diagnostic manuals. This is evidenced by the recursive updates of the DSM and other ICDs. This is also reflected in our natural propensity to identify that which is problematic (the "pathological") more than we do with that which is not. How can we distinguish the difference between the two at any given time? What are the margins within which we can position ourselves? The purpose of this article is to provide a clear, simple and pragmatic answer that will allow us to take a stance in this regard as quickly as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to analyze the Islamic educational thoughts contained in the contemplative will of TGKH. Muhammad Zainuddin Abdul Madjid's new experiential period. The research method employed is literature analysis with a qualitative approach. Data were collected through literature studies and documentation related to the contemplative will. Data analysis was conducted by detailing the Islamic educational thoughts expressed in the will. The results of the research indicate that TGKH. Muhammad Zainuddin Abdul Madjid emphasizes the importance of Islamic education in shaping individual character, morality, and societal life. His thoughts also reflect the role of education in addressing the challenges of the times and fostering harmony between religion and science. The data analysis method involves identifying key concepts, interpreting meanings, and synthesizing the Islamic educational thoughts of TGKH. Muhammad Zainuddin Abdul Madjid. The implications of this research provide a deeper understanding of the values of Islamic education contained in the contemplative will, serving as a foundation for the development of curricula and practices in Islamic education that are more relevant to contemporary needs. In conclusion, the Islamic educational thoughts of TGKH. Muhammad Zainuddin Abdul Madjid in the contemplative will of the new experiential period contribute valuable insights to the development of holistic Islamic education in line with the demands of the times.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of mind training on anxiety. The research method was quasi-experimental. The statistical population of this study included 20 psychology students from Tehran University (10 female and 10 male). From this statistical population, we selected 20 of students with above-average levels of anxiety and divided them into two groups of girls and boys using a targeted sampling method. Data were collected using the STAI questionnaire. Data were analyzed with EXCEL software. As a result, there was a significant difference in the study variables between Group 1 and Group 2, indicating that mindfulness-based stress reduction program training was effective in reducing anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control established the central line maintenance care bundle in 2011, yet nurses' adherence to all seven components remains challenging. The specific aim of this study was to explore and understand intensive care nurses' perceptions and beliefs regarding central line maintenance, bundle care elements, and associated adherence. This qualitative study used a phenomenological approach. Three main themes emerged as follows: (1) thoughts about the ability to adhere to the central line bundle created feelings about central line maintenance care, (2) feelings about the nurses' ability to adhere to the central line bundle influenced behaviors, and (3) behaviors for central line bundle adherence reinforced thoughts. Each theme had several subthemes. Organizations must assess and mitigate the unique cognitive and behavioral factors that affect nurses' adherence to the central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) maintenance bundle. In addition, nursing adherence requires knowledge of CLABSI rates and direct care nurse involvement in identifying solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers the role of emotional and cognitive aspects in modern areas of psychotherapy. It reveals long-term psychotherapeutic effects of incoherent dealing with client’s feelings and thoughts, based on actual case studies in modern psychotherapy and reflected in the literature on the subject. The analysis of psychotherapeutic texts reveals authors’ statements contradicting the general knowledge of feelings and emotions and suggests ways of eliminating such contradictions and simplifications. The article also considers how warping towards rationality can go unnoticed, to the detriment of dealing with feelings, and how the self-improvement process can lose its integrity, causing a distortion of basic psychological literacy instead of its enhancement. The article outlines and justifies two attitudes that are proposed to be developed among clients in any form and area of psychotherapy: the attitudes to live through their feelings and then release their unwanted feelings. We describe new psychological aspects in the process of living through one’s feelings in general and in the process of psychotherapy in particular. The integration of basic psychological knowledge of emotional intelligence into the theory and practice of various areas of psychotherapy can significantly improve the work of practicing psychologists and psychotherapists with clients and can effectively contribute to the convergence of different areas of psychotherapy.

Education– no one doubts – essentially represents a strong instrument that is used in the process of executing revivalist projects, but also ensuring a development and advancement of people both at individual and societal level. That is why reformers pay great attention to knowledge which they, more than arguably, any other constituency of people, regard as the most potent weapon that facilitates the success of reform missions. The basic and common belief is that people find themselves in whatever deplorable condition and state of backwardness owing to their neglect of knowledge, which then makes them trapped in the shackles of ignorance. As a result, stressing the value of education and demonstrating this through operational initiatives by way of sensitizing, reawakening, enlightening and orienting people via various methods and approaches commensurate with the existing realities are all considered as steps toward liberating people from the grip of ignorance which has enslaved them until they rise and decisively fight it. This article highlights and appraises the educational views, thoughts and philosophy of Shaykh Ja’far Mahmud Adam (d. 2007), one of Nigeria’s most prominent Muslim reformers and most influential scholars. The article relies chiefly on the recorded speeches of the scholar in which he articulated his views during public occasions such as weekly Friday sermons, mosque lessons, public lectures or private study circles, which then circulated among larger Muslim audience. The essay finds out that Ja’far’s views on knowledge permeate both religious and Western education which he felt that society must standardize before it develops.

The study of Islamic legal philosophy in the modern era has become an essential study along with the development of human needs for legal products in accordance with the context of the times. The focus of this article is to describe the differences in the philosophical thoughts of Islamic law from several figures, namely: al-Ghazali, Ash-Syatibi, and Ibn Khaldun. This article is library research with data sourced from primary books, then analyzed qualitatively using descriptive, analytical, and comparative approaches. The results of this study indicate that each thinker has different views in the discourse of Islamic legal philosophy as the basis for the existence or absence of Islamic law. Al-Ghazali and Ash-Syatibi believe that a law needs to be based on the existence of revelation so that there is no legal legitimacy if there is no text as its foundation. Al-Ghazali and Ash-Syatibi agreed with the existence of maslahah as the goal of enacting a law. Thus, the law determined based on the texts must be following maqashid ash-syari'ah, namely benefit. Meanwhile, Ibn Khaldun emphasized the portion of reason in understanding God's message from the Prophet.

Iqbal's intellectual history is full of various qualities. It is difficult to identify the location of Iqbal's thoughts and poems or their sources. What are the main characteristics of Iqbal's mind and thought? What was Iqbal's thinking style? How did Iqbal's mind and thought set evolutionary goals? What was Iqbal's point of view regarding thought and philosophy? And with which chain of thought was his special relationship? The critics of Iqbal believe that he got "Faizan E Nazar " admiration from the East, while there is another group that says that Iqbal's ideas are derived from the West. While some people say that Iqbal's thought and vision do not belong to the East or the West, but his own creation. It may be misleading to conclude by presenting the views of a few critics. This article highlights various aspects of Iqbal's history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many psychological treatments aim to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety by modifying maladaptive patterns of cognitions, behavior, and other actions. The Things You Do Questionnaire (TYDQ) was developed to measure the frequency of actions that are associated with psychological health in a reliable and valid manner. The present study examined treatment-related change in the frequency of actions measured by the TYDQ. Using an uncontrolled single-group design, 409 participants with self-reported symptoms of depression, anxiety, or both received access to an 8-week internet-delivered treatment course based on cognitive behavior therapy. Most (77 %) participants completed the treatment, completed questionnaires at post-treatment (83 %), and obtained significant reductions in symptoms of depression (d = 0.88) and anxiety at post-treatment (d = 0.97), as well as improvement in a measure of satisfaction with life (d = 0.36). Factor analyses supported the five-factor structure of the TYDQ, including Realistic Thinking, Meaningful Activities, Goals and Plans, Healthy Habits, and Social Connections. Those participants who, on average, engaged in the identified actions on the TYDQ at least half the days of the week reported lower symptoms of depression and anxiety at post-treatment. The psychometric properties of both a longer 60-item (TYDQ-60) and shorter 21-item (TYDQ-21) version were acceptable. These findings provide further evidence that there are modifiable activities that are strongly associated with psychological health. Future studies will test the replicability to these results in in a broader range of samples, including those seeking psychological treatment. • Daily actions on the TYDQ are associated with improved emotional wellbeing • Scores on the 21-item TYDQ increased during an internet-delivered treatment • Five domains of daily actions were identified on the TYDQ. • Future research may explore the therapeutic potential of daily actions on the TYDQ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The study was conducted to determine the thoughts of individuals who donate their body. Material and Methods: This study was qualitative research conducted using the case study design. The sample was determined with the purposeful sampling method and 9 individuals who stated that they would donate their body were interviewed. The data were collected between March and April 2022 with an information form and a semi-structured interview form and analyzed with the content analysis method. Results: The mean age of individuals was 67.11±4.10 years. Five of the participants were male and four were female. Eight out of nine people were married, all were university graduates and retired, and eight had good income level. Two main themes and five sub-themes were revealed in the research. The themes were determined to be support (contribution to health education, chain of immortality) and obstacles (pressure from family and religion, awareness, uncertainty). Conclusion: Individuals want to donate their bodies to contribute to health education by leaving a legacy for science and think they will be immortal by offering their cadaver for science. Additionally, they feel pressure due to families and religious beliefs and think that society is ignorant about body donation and that the functionality of the body donation system is inadequate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Certain parental cognitions about child sleep and bedtime behaviours used with their child have been linked to poorer child sleep. However, previous research has focused on mothers and explored only a limited range of sleep‐related cognitions and practices. The present study investigated whether parental cognitions and sleep‐related practices (both in connection with their own sleep and their child's sleep), alongside the bedtime behaviours used with their child were associated with and/or were predictive of their child's sleep. Mothers and fathers from 44 families (with a child aged 12–24 months) separately completed questionnaires reporting (i) their cognitions (about their own sleep and their child's sleep), (ii) sleep‐related practices (used in connection with their own and their child's sleep) and (iii) bedtime behaviours used with their child. Child sleep was assessed through parental report and actigraphy. Both parents' cognitions about their own sleep predicted cognitions about their child's sleep. Mothers' own sleep‐related practices predicted the types of practices they used with their child. Different patterns of maternal and paternal variables influenced parental perceptions of their child having a sleep problem. The present findings highlight the importance of including mothers and fathers in child sleep research. Parents' dysfunctional cognitions (their own sleep) and broader sleep‐related practices (their own and child sleep) should be considered when exploring influences on child sleep. Results have possible implications for targets of interventions for child sleep problems and also potential implications for theoretical models of child sleep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term reverted is well known to the multiracial community in Malaysia. They are a minority group that should be given priority in the country's preaching agenda by celebrating all cultural differences and spoken languages. The limited preaching efforts coupled with the careless attitude of the majority of the existing Muslim community, who deliberately underestimate the duty of preaching to the non-Muslim community in particular, is very worrying. Therefore, this study investigates the concept of Ebit Lew's thoughts and struggles in preaching the revert in our country. His prominence in the preaching of the reverted is known for sure and investigated despite the various challenges faced when carrying out preaching. The study employs a qualitative method of analyzing primer and seconder data descriptively. The finding shows that his efforts in preaching are of assistance to religious people and scholars. In a strict sense, his preaching movement towards the revert should be emulated and considered a realistic preaching revolution to be continuously developed in a pluralistic society in this country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND : Pregnant women are one of the special groups most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to analyze how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the feelings, thoughts, and behaviors of pregnant women. METHOD : A descriptive phenomenological approach was employed to explore the experiences of 15 pregnant women. Data were gathered by using semi-structured interviews focusing on pregnant women's feelings, thoughts and behaviors. Word cloud analysis and content analysis were performed. FINDINGS : Data analysis revealed three main themes: emotions, hardships, and coping. Emotions were grouped into five categories: fear, anxiety, disappointment, loneliness, and regret. Hardships were grouped into two categories: physical and financial. Coping was grouped into four categories: social support, normalization, religious practices, and positive thinking. According to word cloud analysis, the most frequently mentioned words were pregnant, COVID-19, anxiety, fear, positive thinking, hardships, regret, stress, affect, and alone. CONCLUSIONS : Women experienced feelings of fear, anxiety, disappointment, loneliness, and regret in the prenatal period. They also faced physical and financial hardships and benefited from social support, normalization, religious practices, and positive thinking to cope with these hardships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Andalusian philosopher, physician and judge Ibn Rushd (1126-1198) is one of the great figures of philosophy within the Muslim contexts, and a foundational source for post-classical European thought. The hallmarks of Ibn Rushd's work are his convictions that philosophy is capable of demonstrative certainty in many domains, that it is Aristotle who should be our preeminent guide in philosophy, and that philosophy should play a central role within religious inquiry, rather than being an alternative to religion. But part of what gives his ideas their enduring interest is the subtle way in which he promotes other methods of reasoning and persuasion in contexts where the rigors of Aristotelian demonstration are not a practical option. To grasp Ibn Rushd's thought in full requires attending not only to the Aristotelian commentaries where he attempts to develop philosophy as a demonstrative science, but also to areas like religion, medicine, and law, where constraints of both subject-matter and audience require other argumentative and rhetorical techniques. Often improperly referred to as Averroes--the corrupted form his name took in Latin--Ibn Rushd quickly achieved such prominence in later European thought as to rival the influence of Aristotle himself, whose works Ibn Rushd tirelessly championed. Most modern scholarship orients itself around his reception in Christian Europe, where he was known simply as "the Commentator," and so fails to appreciate Ibn Rushd's own distinctive philosophical achievements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Magazine of Historical Studies & Archaeology is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It has been suggested in the philosophy of mind that, contrasting with pure physical states, conscious states are those in which there is something that is like to be. Conscious states have a phenomenology. Assuming an intuitive distinction between sensory and cognitive conscious experiences, over the last years a debate has been established around the question about the phenomenal nature of our cognitive states, especially, our own thoughts. This has been called the cognitive phenomenology debate. A proper examination of the debate cannot be separated from a critical analysis of the ways in which we draw conclusions about the phenomenal components of our conscious lives. This paper examines some of the most fundamental problems deriving from the two main argumentative strategies used in the debate, namely, introspective reports and phenomenal contrasts. After analyzing how these strategies might support certain positions within the debate, the article explores how some aspects of the phenomenology of mathematical reasoning could enlighten the discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fragment known as "The Argument of the Wager" (Pascal, 2012, Fr. 418-233) is one of the most extensive in Pascal's work, Thoughts. In this dialogue between a Pyrrhonist and a believer, there is a debate on the advisability of betting in favor of the existence of God. In this paper, I propose to examine the presence of the Pyrrhonian in the argument and to consider how Pascal deals with it. This proposal allows us to analyze an ethical-religious and practical problem posed by the Frenchman in the argument: what kind of life is preferable: that which immerses itself in Pyrrhonism and, by the suspension of judgment, bets neither for nor against the existence of God, among other things? Or that which bets in favor of the existence of God and lives according to Christian customs? Through this approach, I argue that the presence of Pyrrhonism in the argument from the wager cannot be ignored or silenced, since it plays a fundamental, though not exceptional, role in Thoughts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ancient Tamils wanted virtue to flourish in their society. They considered virtue as the highest one in life. The Brahmins (Andanars) lived in praise of charity. The kings ruled with sceptre and protected virtue. Women regarded chastity as a virtue and praised it. Sangam literature extols the glory of chastity. Women believed that they too had a duty to protect virtue. They gave priority to knowledge over valour. Sangam literature considers virtue to be the first among virtue, materiality and pleasure. They have lived a good life by following the ideas given by the scriptures. They lived a life that by assuming that there is a connection between virtue and rain. Many of the Sangam poems respected other life as well as their own life and emphasized the position of seeking material things for the sake of virtue. When these virtues are not properly observed, literature becomes a mature way to carry them. This allows realizing endless meaning through the ancient style of life with moral ethics. Virtue events are observed from time to time and one can see through Sangam literature that Virtue has been praised in all words and deeds. Looking at the Sangam period from today's point of view, there has been a portrayal of excellent moral life in Sangam literature which was cultivated at various levels. Such instances are discussed in this article.

This two-study project provided a brief description of athletes’ experiences with mind wandering. Study 1 aimed to quantitatively examine mind wandering in sports, in terms of frequency, effects and perceived control. Therefore, 94 athletes (Mage = 19.51, SD = 1.65) answered a specifically designed 19-item questionnaire. The results suggested that mind wandering is a common phenomenon in sports, with both beneficial and adverse effects on performance. Study 2 aimed to qualitatively explore when athletes use mind wandering. Accordingly, 115 athletes (Mage = 22.82, SD = 3.61) described one recent mind wandering situation while practicing sport. A hierarchical content analysis was performed by the first author and confirmed by an external expert. The results indicated that mind wandering occurred in a wide range of situations in sport and physical activity. Nonetheless, it was also argued that future studies should more carefully define mind wandering to avoid confusion with related terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last 20 years research investigating self-talk in the context of sport has expanded rapidly enhancing our understanding of the construct. In the present article, we provide a brief historical review of the sports-oriented self-talk literature. In so doing we identify landmark investigations and review conceptual, research, and measurement themes present within the literature. We review this empirically based literature, distinguishing between three time periods: (1) the early foundations of self-talk research, up to the end of the 1990s; (2) the developmental years of systematic self-talk research during the 2000s; and (3) the modern day maturation of self-talk research, post-2011. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though goal-directed self-talk is a key element in self-regulated learning, providing instruction and giving feedback during technical skill acquisition, few studies have explored the specific functions with which it might enhance learning and improve performance. Therefore, immediately after a training session, 32 novice Ultimate Frisbee players (Mage = 22.88, SD = 9.71) were asked to report as many self-instructions as they remembered using before task execution, after unsuccessful throws, and after successful throws. A hierarchical content analysis indicated that players used mainly instructional self-talk in all situations. However, instructional self-talk was aimed at technical aspects before their throws; at negative reinforcement, error detection, and technical adjustment after unsuccessful throws; and at positive reinforcement and technical transference after successful throws. Other functions of self-talk were confidence-enhancement and goal-promotion. Overall, we discussed that goal-directed self-talk is a relevant self-regulated learning strategy employed by novice Ultimate Frisbee players when acquiring technical skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The property of traditional Chinese materia medica is an important part of Traditional Chinese Medicine. This research summarizes the development of research on the property of traditional Chinese materia medica under the theory of matter, which is mainly classified into “ the study of medicine” and “the supplement of organism”. The research provides solid substances for the property of traditional Chinese materia medica and establishes the “medicine-organism” combination, which can be regarded as a solid substance classification method based on the property of traditional Chinese materia medica. On the one hand, the current research has not fully demonstrated the value of solid substance; on the other hand, it also reflects the differences in performance, essence, purpose, and method compared with previous studies. The hypothesis of “ solid substances carry the property of traditional Chinese materia medica” in the research has its own boundary. Based on the essence of the property of traditional Chinese materia medica and the current research hypotheses, this paper discusses the possible research directions, in order to provide a reference for the study of the property of traditional Chinese materia medica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]