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Objective. To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of three-dimensional visualization technology in assisting ablation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods This study was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, with a PROSPERO registration number of CRD42023488398. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, CNKI. Wandang Data, VIP, and CBM weze searched for Chinese and English articles on three-dimensional visualization technology in assisting ablation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma published up to Manh 2023. After quality assessment and data extraction of the studies included, RevMan 5.4 software was used to perform the meta-analyses. Results A total of 11 studies were included. with 972 patients in total, among whom 447 underwent ablation assisted by three-dimensional visualization technology (30 group) and 525 underwent ablation assisted by traditional two-dimensional imaging technology (20 goup). The meta-analysis showed that compared with the 210 group, the 30 group had significantly higher success rate of fust-time ablation treatment (odds ratio [OR]= 5.43, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.64-11.18, P<0.001), technical efficiency (OR=6.15, 95%CI: 3.23-11.70, P<0.001), and complete ablation rate (OR-2.50, 95%(7: 1.08-5.78. P = 0.03 ). as well as significantly lower incidence rate of major complications (OR=0.45, 95% CI, 0.24-0.87, P-002), local recurrence rate (OR=0.35, 95%CI: 0.17-0.72, P = 0.004 ). and local tumor progression rate (0R = 0.29), 95%C7; 0.16-0.50, /<0.001), while there was no significant difference in the incidence rate of mild complications between the two groups (P > 0.05) Conclusion Three-dimensional visualization technology is safe and feasible in assisting ablation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma and can improve ablation rate and reduce the incidence tate of serious complications. local recurrence rate, and local tumor progression rate, thereby showing an important application value in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Robotics have been rapidly evolving with the onset of complex tasks for the discrete decision-making or subtle handling in modern agriculture, especially the harvesting of fruits from the orchards. Harvesting robots have also limited to an obstacle under an unstructured environment, such as disorderly grown branches. An added layer of complexity can also reduce the successful harvesting rates during operation. In this study, three-dimensional reconstruction of fruit branches was presented to efficiently avoid the obstacles for robots. The path planning was also determined for the target instruction during detection. Firstly, Intel RealSense D435i depth camera was used as image acquisition equipment to collect the images from dragon fruit plantations in Zengcheng District, Conghua District and Panyu District of Guangzhou. The data set was expanded to 3347 images by operations, such as turning, adding noise and blurring. The MobileNetV2 was selected to replace the traditional feature extraction network, Xception in the DeepLabV3+ backbone. A coordinate attention mechanism was incorporated into the feature extraction module to enhance the performance. The mobile-friendly and lightweight architecture of MobileNetV2 was used to most effectively discern and detect data. Each detected piece of information was converted into a three-dimensional point cloud. Then these point clouds were segmented into simply connected regions by region growing. As such, the robot was operated on the actual physical features of the on-field elements onto a digital platform after transformation. Moreover, a hypothesis was then proposed, indicating that dragon fruits were significantly represented by a three-dimensional ellipsoid. An exhaustive study was conducted to verify this presumption using fitting ellipsoids. Non-linear least square estimation was then utilized to reconstruct the dragon fruit point cloud. The irregular branches were enclosed within a finite set of axis-aligned bounding boxes (AABB), in order to obtain their three-dimensional spatial pose information for the robots to avoid around them. Finally, the harvesting system of dragon fruit was constructed with the three-dimensional reconstruction. Several experiments were conducted to validate the reconstruction efficiency and picking competence, including reconstruction error experiments and simulated picking tests. All coordinate axes were performed in the Cartesian space. The remarkable performance was achieved in the improved DeepLabV3+ model, both in terms of mean intersection over union (mIoU) and mean pixel accuracy (mPA) with a score of 95.59% and 98.01%, respectively, indicating an increased accuracy and precision. In terms of technical efficiency, both inference time and the model memory usage were optimized with the average of 94.74 ms and the only 22.52MB, which was 11% of the original model. The improved model increased the accuracy and the general performance of the system. In practical, the minimal average absolute errors were 0.44 and 2.04 mm, respectively, for the dimensions and the depth of the dragon fruit post-reconstruction. Furthermore, the standard deviation of the three-dimensional reconstructions of the branches was also less than 10mm on all axes. The simulation of the picking test was successfully completed in 86.79% of the experiments. The hypothesis was validated to enhance the efficiency and success rate of the dragon fruit harvesting robot. The dragon fruits and the branches were effectively reconstructed for the planning the path of the robotic system in an authentic environment. The successfully harvesting the fruits was realized to avoid the obstacles in an unstructured environment [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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未破裂颅内动脉瘤形态学分析被广泛用于动脉瘤破裂的风险评估和术前规划。三维视角较既往的二维视角更能精确体现动脉瘤的形态变化，但人工测量在三维视角下准确度较低且可重复性差，而人工智能在三维视角下的测量更有优势。但是，目前尚缺乏人工智能在三维视角下的动脉瘤形态测量方法。考虑到三维视角下的规范化测量对形态学参数的临床和科研运用具有重要意义，本文提出了一套三维视角下基于人工智能的未破裂颅内动脉瘤形态学指标测量方法，以期推动动脉瘤研究的同质化和临床诊疗的规范化发展。 Abstract: Morphological analysis of unruptured intracranial aneurysms is widely used in risk assessment and surgical design. Compared with the manual measurement in the two-dimensional perspective, the three-dimensional perspective can reflect the morphology changes of aneurysms more accurately. But the manual measurement in the three-dimensional perspective has poor accuracy and repeatability. Therefore, the measurement of artificial intelligence in the three-dimensional perspective has greater advantages than that of manual measurement. However, the method of aneurysm morphological measurement in the three-dimensional perspective based on artificial intelligence has not been proposed. The standardized measurement in the three-dimensional perspective is of great significance to the clinical and research application of morphological parameters. In this paper, a three-dimensional measurement method for unruptured intracranial aneurysms based on artificial intelligence is presented, in order to promote the homogenization of aneurysm research and the standardization of clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Copyright of Journal of Jilin University (Science Edition) / Jilin Daxue Xuebao (Lixue Ban) is the property of Zhongguo Xue shu qi Kan (Guang Pan Ban) Dian zi Za zhi She and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Morphological analysis of unruptured intracranial aneurysms is widely used in risk assessment and surgical design. Compared with the manual measurement in the two-dimensional perspective, the three-dimensional perspective can reflect the morphology changes of aneurysms more accurately. But the manual measurement in the three-dimensional perspective has poor accuracy and repeatability. Therefore, the measurement of artificial intelligence in the three-dimensional perspective has greater advantages than that of manual measurement. However, the method of aneurysm morphological measurement in the three-dimensional perspective based on artificial intelligence has not been proposed. The standardized measurement in the three-dimensional perspective is of great significance to the clinical and research application of morphological parameters. In this paper, a three-dimensional measurement method for unruptured intracranial aneurysms based on artificial intelligence is presented, in order to promote the homogenization of aneurysm research and the standardization of clinical diagnosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Robert′s uterus is a rare uterine malformation that often manifests as abdominal pain and dysmenorrhea, making it difficult to distinguish from residual horn uterus and bicorner uterus. This paper retrospectively analyzes the diagnosis and treatment process of a patient with renal deficiency and anal atresia. The patient underwent preoperative three-dimensional ultrasound imaging and magnetic resonance imaging to provide information on the internal and external morphology of the uterus, which helps to develop a reasonable surgical plan and actively communicate with doctors and patients. Laparoscopic examination combined with hysteroscopic oblique hysterectomy was used for precise diagnosis and treatment during the surgery, and transabdominal ultrasound monitoring was used. Postoperative prevention of recurrence was achieved through barrier method. Through comprehensive management mode, accurate diagnosis and satisfactory results of metroplastic surgery were achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the association between arch morphology and sprint performance in children, utilizing arch volume and arch index to assess arch development, and comparing and analyzing its relationship with athletic capability. Methods A total of 640 primary and secondary school students (324 boys and 316 girls) aged between 7 to 15 years were recruited from Chongqing Municipality. Foot arch index and arch volume were measured by "Foot Secret 3D Foot Plantar Scanner". Performance of 50-meter sprint was assessed. The participants were stratified into 6 groups based upon gender and age: boys aged 7-9 years (n=93), girls aged 7-9 years (n=103), boys aged 10-12 years (n=116), girls aged 10-12 years (n=112), boys aged 13-15 years (n=115) and girls aged 13-15 years (n=101). The correlations between arch index, arch volume and athletic performance were examined. Results In the age group of 7-9 years, the comparisons of both the left and right foot's weight-bearing arch index and the non-weight-bearing arch index between boys and girls showed no statistical significance (P>0.05). However, except for the comparisons of the left foot's weight-bearing arch volume and non-weight-bearing arch volume in the 7-9 year-old girls group, which showed no statistical significance (P>0.05), the following comparisons indicated a weak correlation with the 50-meter sprint performance and were statistically significant(P>0.05): the left foot's weight-bearing arch volume, the left foot's non-weight-bearing arch volume, the right foot's weight-bearing arch volume, and the right foot's non-weight-bearing arch volume in the 7-9 year-old boys group (r=-0.301, r=-0.294, r=-0. 295, r=-0.207), and the right foot's weight-bearing arch volume and non-weight-bearing arch volume in the 7-9 year-old girls group (r=-0.279, r=-0.278). In the 10-12 years age group, the comparisons of the right foot's arch index-both weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing-with the 50-meter sprint performance in the 10-12 year-old girls group showed a weak correlation (r=0.250, r=0.243) and were statistically significant (P < 0.05). However, the comparisons of the left foot's weight-bearing arch index, the left foot's non-weight-bearing arch index, the right foot's weight-bearing arch index, and the right foot's non-weight-bearing arch index in both the 10-12 year-old boys and girls groups showed no statistical significance (P>0.05). Moreover, except for the left foot's weight-bearing arch volume and non-weight-bearing arch volume in the 10-12 year-old girls group, which showed no statistical significance (P>0.05), the following comparisons indicated a weak correlation with the 50-meter sprint performance and were statistically significant: the left foot's weight-bearing arch volume, the left foot's non-weight-bearing arch volume, the right foot's weight-bearing arch volume, and the right foot's non-weight-bearing arch volume in the 10-12 year-old boys group (r=-0.273, r=-0.224, r=-0.236, r=-0.273), and the right foot's weight-bearing arch volume and non-weight-bearing arch volume in the 10-12 year-old girls group (r=-0.224, r=-0.211). In the 13-15 years age group, the comparisons of the left and right foot's arch index-both weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing-in the 13-15 year-old boys and girls groups with the 50-meter sprint performance showed no statistical significance (P>0.05). However, except for the non-weight-bearing arch volumes of the left and right feet in the 13-15 year-old girls group, which showed a weak correlation with the 50-meter sprint performance (r=-0.233, r=-0.225) and were statistically significant (P < 0.05), the comparisons of the left foot's weight-bearing arch volume, the left foot's non-weight-bearing arch volume, the right foot's weight-bearing arch volume, and the right foot's non-weight-bearing arch volume in the 13-15 year-old boys group, as well as the left foot's weight-bearing arch volume and the right foot's weight-bearing arch volume in the 13-15 year-old girls group, showed no statistical significance (P>0.05). Conclusions As a three-dimensional parameter, arch volume not only accurately depicts the development of foot arch but also serves as a reliable indicator for assessing motor capabilities in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electronic Communication & Computer Science is the property of Omniscient Pte. Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Electrochemistry is the property of Journal of Electrochemistry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A poplar is one of the most important tree species in the northern temperate regions. There is the great difference in the growth state of poplar with different planting density and its response mechanism to climate factors. Tree ting characteristics (TRC) and tree measurement factors can provide the scientific basis for the sustainable management of forestry and the decision-making on countermeasures against meteorological change. This study aimed to clarify the response mechanism of poplar with the different planting densities to climatic factors using non-destructive measurement technology. A systematic analysis was implemented on the tree growth and response to meteorological factors under specific climatic conditions in the northern Jiangsu Plain. The research object was taken as the multi-density poplar plantation in the Chen Wei Forest field of Suqian City, Jiangsu Province, China. Resistograph resistance instrument was used to non-destructively measure the tree ring characteristics of 224 standard trees in four planting plots of poplar plantation. Six parameters were obtained, including ring width (RW), early wood width (EW), late wood width (LW), ring density (RD), early wood density (ED), and late wood density (LD). Five types of models were used to fit the growth model of ring width. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to cluster the ring characteristics of four planting configurations. Pearson correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between annual meteorological factors and tree ring metrology characteristics under different planting configurations. The results show that: 1) There was the significant influence in the tree measurement factors. The stand density increased with the decrease of row spacing. The form factors and form quotients of chest height gradually increased, and the stem shape was straight and full. 2) The logistic model was better fitted the radial growth of poplar with four planting configurations. The R² values reached above 0.94 for all models, indicating the better prediction on the growth of tree rings. 3) The principal component analysis showed that the trees with the same planting density but different planting configurations (3m×8m and 5m×5m, 4.5m×8m and 6m×6m) were clustered into the same category, where the contribution rate of tree-ring density and width factor were 49.1% and 28.9%, respectively. 4) Poplars with the similar planting density showed the similar responses to meteorological factors. By contrast, the poplars with the high planting density (400 plants /hm²) were more sensitive to air temperature than those with the low planting density (278 plants /hm²); 5) There were significant differences in the response of radial growth of standing trees to climate factors under the four planting configurations. The growth of ring width was depended on the wind speed YS, indicating a significant positive correlation (the correlation of early wood width EW reached 0.85 in the planting area with configuration of 6m×6m). There was a negative correlation between the ring density and the annual meteorological factors, among which the average annual relative humidity YRH showed a significant correlation in the four planting configurations, and the maximum was −0.82 in the 3m×8m planting configuration. 6) The seasonal response was found in the monthly meteorological factors. In spring, the temperature factor was negatively correlated with the ring characteristics, while the precipitation factor was negatively correlated with ring density, and the humidity factor was positively correlated with ring width. The correlation between wind speed and ring characteristics was the greatest, especially in spring, with the sparse planting configuration, the correlation between wind speed and ring characteristics increased gradually. Nondestructive measurement of tree ring characteristics can provide the radial data of tree-ring of multi-density poplar plantation. The ring width and ring density index of the poplar plantation shared a strong correlation with the meteorological factors under different afforestation densities in the study area. The finding can provide the great potential to reveal the effect of meteorological change on the growth and development of plantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An improved D* algorithm was proposed to solve the problems of low efficiency and complex inflection points in three-dimensional path autonomous planning of unmanned aerial vehicle using traditional D* algorithm. Firstly, variable step size was used to expand nodes, which speeded up the algorithm’s traversal of nodes in the planning stage. At the same time, the fusion formula of Chebyshev distance and Manhattan distance was used as surrogate value, the cost function was improved, the calculation amount of the algorithm was reduced, and the low efficiency of the algorithm was solved. Finally, the three-dimensional map and the obtained path were projected onto the two-dimensional plane, key nodes were selected, redundant nodes were discarded, and the generated path was optimized. The number of inflection points and complexity of the obtained path were reduced. The simulation results show that the improved D* algorithm can be effectively used in the path planning of unmanned aerial vehicle in the three-dimensional environment, and the expected effect is achieved in terms of accelerating the efficiency of the algorithm and improving the quality of the path. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-destructive measurement of fish biomass is the key to achieving intelligent farming in aquaculture. Among them, the prerequisite can be the accurate estimation of the full length of fish. In this study, an accurate estimation was proposed for the full length of fish using 3D pose fitting. A summary was given on the previous estimations of fish length in recent years. Taking the Takifugu rubripes as the research object, the accurate estimation of the body length was realized in a non-contact situation. Firstly, the original image was corrected and stereo matched to obtain the depth image using binocular stereoscopic vision technology, and then the foreground segmentation of the fish body was performed by SOLOV2. Secondly, an independent classifier was designed to automatically acquire the fish side images for the full-length estimation. A comparison was made on the classification effects of three classifiers (SVM, Resnet18 and ResNet34). Finally, the ResNet34 network was selected as the image classification with the highest priority of accuracy, while maintaining a short inference time for the single image. As such, the accuracy reached 95.3%, and the inference time was 0.040s in the NVIDIA Geforce RTX 3090 SLI. Thus, the images were efficiently classified to improve the data quality, where the 2135 images of 121 fish were automatically filtered for the subsequent full-length estimation. The image data was fully used to couple the plane features and depth information of the fish images. 3D pose fitting of fish in the x-y and x-z planes was also performed to achieve the full-length estimation of fish. The results showed that the linearity fit was good with R² of 0.90, indicating better linearity between the manually measured and the estimated total length. When the estimated total length and body weight were fitted with the multiplicative power formula, the fit was good with an R² of 0.88, indicating a better correlation. The error analysis showed that the mean absolute error of the estimated full length was about -10.5mm, the mean relative error was 2.67%, the standard deviation of accuracy was 9.45%, and the relative error of the single full-length prediction data fell in the range of -6.68% to 12.12%, demonstrating a higher accuracy and stability. The estimated full length was also taken with the manually measured length as the exact value. Only image data was as the input, where the biological characteristics (such as body size and pigmentation) were the primary judgment factors for the applicability. The length was estimated during fish entering the developmental stage, where the biological characteristics were similar to those of adult fish. Meanwhile, the applicability range of this model for Takifugu rubripes was at least 187-650 mm full-length, according to the growth process and the applicability range of the multiplicative power formula in the existing studies. This finding can provide important technical support for the non-contact fish biomass estimation in the aquaculture process, particularly for the information management, fish growth condition assessment and baiting control of aquaculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: In domestic and foreign literature, an in vitro model is an important tool to study the pathogenesis and effective treatment of osteoarthritis. All kinds of in vitro models have their advantages and disadvantages and related applications; however, so far, there is no ideal experimental model that can study all the characteristics of osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To review relevant literature in recent years and summarize the advantages and disadvantages of various osteoarthritis models in vitro and their related applications, providing further understanding of osteoarthritis and its therapeutic methods. METHODS: The articles related to PubMed, CNKI, VIP, and WanFang databases from 2010 to 2021 were searched by computer with the English search words: “osteoarthritis, in vitro, model” in English and Chinese. Sixty-three qualified literature with strong correlation and relatively new publication years were selected for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Two-dimensional cell culture models of osteoarthritis are easy to be constructed and produced on a large scale, but they are only suitable for studies at the cellular level due to the lack of typical three-dimensional microstructure and interactions with surrounding cells and extracellular matrix. Explant model and three-dimensional cell culture provide an internal environment close to the physical condition of the human body, which can be used to study not only cytokines stimulation but also physical injuries and biomechanical changes. Therefore, we can better study the molecular mechanism of osteoarthritis and propose available interventions. However, from the view of tissue volume and cell vitality, mass production of these models is difficult. In addition, the article also discusses advanced tissue engineering models such as three-dimensional biofabrication models, organoids, and organ-on-a-chip models. Three-dimensional bio-printing technologies and bioreactors have obvious advantages in precise control of tissue structure, transport of bioactive molecules, dynamic cell culture and other aspects, but it still needs further improvement and innovation at present. In general, compared with the twodimensional cell culture model, the in vitro three-dimensional tissue model is more suitable for current research and individualized treatment of osteoarthritis. In the future, it is expected to integrate emerging technologies such as organ chip technology, three-dimensional bio-printing technology and bioreactor, and eventually develop a more suitable platform for osteoarthritis treatment and drug testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ovaries are important organs of the mammalian reproductive system, and the understanding of the ovaries is mostly at the two-dimensional level. The rapid development of tissue clearing three-dimensional imaging technology provides an advanced platform for three-dimensional D visualization of the ovaries, which not only can be used to comprehensively image the normal and pathological ovarian tissues through tissue clearing and optical imaging microscopy techniques and explore ovarian tissue and its relationship with the vasculature and nervous system from the cellular or subcellular unit level, but also reveal the spatial relationship and structural characteristics of ovarian tissue. This technique can also analyze the three - dimensional structure and growth pattern of ovarian tumors, and study the density, integrity and morphological heterogeneity of the vasculature and nervous system, providing direction for the treatment and prognosis of ovarian tumors. In this article, we review the application progress of tissue clearing three-dimensional imaging technology in mammalian ovarian tissue, with a view to gaining a deeper understanding of ovarian tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the significance of the three-dimensional visualization ablation planning system in radiofrequency ablation for liver cancer. Methods A total of 71 patients who received radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma in Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University from July 2017 to December 2020 were enrolled as subjects. The 34 patients in the three-dimensional group used the three-dimensional visualization ablation planning system for radiofrequency protocol planning before surgery and the 37 patients in the two-dimensional group used the two-dimensional image for radiofrequency protocol planning before surgery. The two groups were compared in terms of the indices such as the first-attempt success rate of puncture, complete tumor ablation rate, and tumor-free survival. The Fisher’s exact test, the chi-square test of continuous correction, or the Pearson chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups; the t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot survival curves, and the Log-rank（Mantel-Cox） test was used for comparison of tumor recurrence and survival; the Cox proportional-hazards regression model analysis was used to investigate the influencing factors for tumor-free survival. Results Compared with the two-dimensional group, the three-dimensional group had a significantly higher first-attempt success rate of puncture（94.12% vs 75.68%, Pearson χ~²=4.183, P=0.041） and a significantly shorter median time of puncture（5 minutes vs 7 minutes, Z=-2.407, P=0.013）. There was no significant difference in complete ablation rate between the three-dimensional group and the two-dimensional group（97.06% vs 91.89%, continuous correction χ~²=0.183, P=0.669）. There were significant differences in the 1-, 2-, and 4-year cumulative tumor-free survival rates between the three-dimensional group and the two-dimensional group（90.8%/78.8%/72.8% vs 61.5%/55.9%/44.7%, χ~²=5.073, P=0.024）. The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that preoperative planning method, complete or incomplete ablation, and alpha-fetoprotein at 1 month after surgery were independent influencing factors for the tumor-free survival of patients with liver cancer after radiofrequency ablation（all P<0.05）. Conclusion Radiofrequency ablation planning via the three-dimensional visualization ablation planning system can ensure the therapeutic effect of radiofrequency ablation, reduce the recurrence rate of liver cancer, and prolong the tumor-free survival of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant phenotype has been one of the most important indicators to select and breed superior varieties in modern agriculture. The traditional phenotypic analysis of leafy vegetables cannot fully meet the requirement of large-scale production in recent years, such as the slow speed, large error, and limited dimension. Moreover, most morphological measurements have been currently confined to only several plants (such as maize, cotton and sorghum), particularly with the complex procedure and low automation. Taking the Chinese cabbage sprout as the research object, this study aims to extract the key phenotypic parameters of the plant using the high-throughput reconstruction and automatic segmentation of stem and leaf. Firstly, a multi-view geometry was utilized to reconstruct the three-dimensional model of Chinese cabbage sprout from sequence images. A series of pre-processing operations were used to establish the three-dimensional model of pure plants with the actual scale, including scale recovery, background removal, point cloud denoising, and uniform simplification. Secondly, the stem and leaf organs were automatically segmented using the convexity criterion and random sampling consistency. Thirdly, the principal component analysis and directed bounding box were combined to measure the plant height and width for the phenotypic parameters. The number of leaves was counted by the cluster segmentation of leaf clusters. The shortest path searching was selected to accurately calculate the leaf length and width. A greedy projection triangulation was used to calculate the leaf area. An HSV model and mean color histogram were utilized to measure the color characteristics for distinguishing health status of plants. The classification accuracy, recall, and F1-score were 0.922, 0.938, and 0.930, respectively. Finally, the segmentation experiments were carried out on the six varieties of Chinese cabbage sprouts at different growth stages. A comparison was then made with the ground truth. It was found that the parts belonging to stem and leaf were segmented correctly. The average precision, recall, and F1-score of stem and leaf organ segmentation were 0.961, 0.940 and 0.943 respectively, indicating better performance than the smoothing threshold-based and the color-based region growth. In addition, 50 samples were tested to verify the measurement. A regression analysis was performed between the algorithmic and manual measurements of Chinese cabbage sprout plant traits. The experimental results showed that the determination coefficients of plant height, plant width, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, and leaf number were 0.987, 0.982, 0.984, 0.985, 0.922, and 0.924, respectively. The mean absolute percentage errors were 1.659%, 1.643%, 1.417%, 2.486%, 8.258%, and 6.000%, respectively. Among them, the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of plant height, plant width, leaf length, and leaf width were 0.261, 0.313, 0.174, and 0.100 cm, respectively. The RMSE of leaf area and number were 1.608 cm2, and 0.283, respectively. Consequently, the automatic measurement was realized for the seven key phenotypes of Chinese cabbage sprouts, including the plant height, leaf length, and color in lower error. Therefore, the segmentation and measurement can be expected to extract the plant phenotypic parameters with irregular leaf shape, especially in the young leaves of plant canopy, with high efficiency of phenotype extraction. The finding can provide an effective technical means for the efficient and accurate phenotypic analysis of leafy vegetables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Water Conservancy Science & Techonlogy & Economy is the property of Water Conservancy Science & Technology & Economy Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To employ three-dimensional (3D) printing model for simulating heart correct operation and summarizing its preliminarily experience for improving the surgical outcomes of various congenital heart diseases. Methods Cardiac computed tomography angiography (CTA) data of 48 children with various congenital heart diseases were selected for constructing the corresponded 3D printing models. Based on these 3D models, surgeons discussed surgical plans and simulated operative skills preoperatively. The process of real corrective procedure and the simulation were compared. Another 12 cases of tetralogy of Fallot undergoing routine surgery were selected as control group and operative durations were compared. Results The operative findings correlated well with the cardiac 3D models and the correlation between real operation and preoperative simulation of 3D printing model was satisfactory. Only 4 children’s cardiac 3D printing model slightly overestimated the diameter of pulmonary valve ring. Aortic clamp time was less in 3D group than that in control group[(47.47±9.42) vs.(55.75±9.00) min, P=0.029].Conclusion Cardiac 3D printing model may provide a feasible simulation platform for discussing and simulating surgical procedures. It can shorten operative duration and improve surgical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics is the property of Piezoelectric & Acoustooptic and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering is the property of Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Surgical resection is currently the main method for the treatment of primary liver cancer. The appearance of new techniques, such as three - dimensional visualization, 3D printing, virtual reality, indocyanine green molecular fluorescence imaging, and hepatectomy with intraoperative navigation, has provided new methods for the preoperative diagnosis, surgical planning, and intraoperative navigation of primary liver cancer. Among these techniques, three - dimensional visualization shows incomparable advantages in the diagnosis of primary liver cancer, the selection of treatment regimen, preoperative planning, intraoperative navigation, and liver transplantation. This article summarizes the recent advances in the application of three - dimensional visualization in surgical operation for primary liver cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing treatment of intrauterine adhesions has limitations, such as high recurrence rate and low pregnancy rate. There is little help for endometrial regeneration and functional recovery, and there is no optimal treatment strategy for this problem. In recent years, stem cells have become a research focuses in the treatment of intrauterine adhesions, and how to maintain the biological activity of cells in vivo has become a key issue. 3D bio-printing technology can simulate the microenvironment of the transplanted cells in vitro, providing an effective guarantee for the therapeutic effect. At present, endometrial regenerative cells (ERC) with the characteristics of stem cells have been obtained from female menstrual blood, and found to have strong proliferative ability and multidirectional differentiation potential. However, it has not been reported whether ERC bio-scaffolds constructed by 3D bioprinting technology can be transplanted to treat intrauterine adhesions. This review briefly introduced the key technologies, cells and bio-inks of 3D bioprinting, and prospected the feasibility and limitations of the application of 3D bioprinted endometrial regenerative cell bioscaffolds for the treatment of intrauterine adhesions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three-dimensional (3D) skeleton is one of the most important representations of plant leaf morphology. Accurate extraction of leaf skeleton from 3D point clouds has been an essential way to obtain 3D plant phenotypes in recent years. In this study, a novel adaptive weighting operator was presented to calculate the point set of skeleton constraints from the 3D point clouds of maize leaf, particularly considering the leaf shape and data completeness. A principal curve was also selected to fit the skeleton constraint point set for a better skeleton. As such, it was likely to accurately extract the skeleton features from the point clouds of maize leaf, especially for the missing point cloud data. The extraction was composed of four steps. 1) An input point cloud of maize leaf was generally divided into 3 or 4 parts by the classical K-means clustering for the normal of the input point cloud, where the shape of each part changed slowly. 2) Each part of the point cloud was then reordered and segmented into many cross sections. A distance field was estimated to realize the segmentation, where the distance field was calculated by the distance from each point to the orthogonal plane perpendicular to the direction of leaf elongation. Such a distance field was also more efficient and accurate than the Euclidean distance. 3) A novel adaptive weighting operator was applied to the related point set of each cross section, in order to extract the skeleton constraint points. The adaptive weighting operator included the weight of spatial distance, normal difference, and point cloud completeness. Specifically, the weight of spatial distance was used to quantitatively describe the sparsity of the point cloud. The weight of normal difference was used to rearrange the spatial positions of constraint points, according to the difference between the normal of the point and the orientation of the leaf. The weight of point cloud completeness was to measure the missing level of leaf points. 4) A skeleton of the input point cloud was obtained to compute the principal curve of the skeleton constraint point set using a K-segment. It was found that a smooth curve was passing through the middle of the skeleton constraint point set. The final skeleton was generated to extend at both ends of the curve, where the input point cloud was used to eliminate the shrinkage during principle curve fitting. In addition, 30 point clouds of maize leaf with the typical shape characteristics were selected to evaluate the performance of the extraction. Experiment results show that the extracted skeletons fully represented 3D structural features of maize leaves, indicating better performance than that of the commonly-used Laplace-based skeleton extraction. Correspondingly, the extracted skeletons were also used to conduct the phenotype measurements, such as the estimation of the leaf length of all the leaves. Three statistical errors were selected to evaluate the leaf length between the calculated and the measured, including the mean absolute percent error (MAPE), root mean square error (RMSE), and normalized root mean square error (NRMSE). It was found that the MAPE was 2.10%, RMSE was 2.21 cm, and NRMSE was 2.89% in the new extraction, whereas, the MAPE was 6.16%, RMSE was 6.31 cm, and NRMSE was 8.26% in the previous Laplace-based approach. More importantly, the weight of point cloud completeness was dominated to extract the skeletons from incomplete point clouds. By contrast, there was an outstanding deviation in the extracted skeletons from the incomplete leaves without using the completeness weight. The new extraction has also been a fully automatic processing on the leaf point clouds without any human interactions. Thus, the new extraction can be widely expected to apply for the big data of point clouds in plant phenomics. The finding can provide promising technical support to the high-throughput and fully automatic phenotyping evaluations in precision agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a problem faced by many elderly women, and the incidence is increasing year by year. The pessary treatment is not only a conservative treatment method but also a first-line treatment method for this disease. However, if it is used improperly, multiple complications may occur during the treatment process, severe cases have to receive surgical intervention, and some may even be life-threatening. At present, there is a lack of unified guidelines for the treatment of pessaries in the world. Non-standard treatment operations and poor patient compliance are closely related to the occurrence of complications. This article focuses on summarizing and categorizing the currently reported pessary -related complications, introduces a grading method for pessary-related complications, and proposes a few ways to the prevention of complications as following. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Central South University is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective：To investigate the value of three- and four-dimensional transperineal ultrasound in diagnosis of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) by measuring levator hiatus area (LHA). Methods：A total of 84 POP patients were collected as the POP group, and 69 cases of healthy women without POP during the same period were selected as the control group. All subjects in both groups were examined by three- and four-dimensional transperineal ultrasound. LHA in resting, maximum Valsalva-3D and maximum Valsalva-4D states were measured and compared, respectively. The difference of LHA in Valsalva-3D and Valsalva-4D was compared within the group. The ROC curves of the rest, Valsalva-3D and Valsalva-4D were drawn to determine the optimal cut -off value of LHA in diagnosis POP, then to evaluate its diagnostic efficacy and compare the differences between the three states. Results：The LHA in resting, Valsalva-3D and Valsalva-4D state in the POP group were larger than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P＜0.05). There was no significant difference between the LHA of Valsalva-3D and Valsalva-4D state in each group (all P＞0.05). The cut-off value of the LHA to diagnose POP was 14.29 cm², 19.29 cm², 19.90 cm² in resting, Valsalva-3D and Valsalva-4D state, respectively. The areas under the curve (AUC) were 0.759, 0.959, 0.956, respectively. The difference between the AUC of Valsalva-3D and Valsalva4D and the AUC of resting state was statistically significant (Z=4.980, P＜0.01; Z=4.865, P＜0.01), and there was no significant difference in AUC between Valsalva-3D and Valsalva-4D state (Z=0.157, P＞0.05). Conclusions：The LHA measured by threeand four-dimensional transperineal pelvic floor ultrasound has high diagnostic value for POP, and there was no difference in diagnostic efficiency between the two. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Dental arch shape is often considered as an important factor in oral treatment; however, there is no report on the construction of three-dimensional finite element models of different dental arches. OBJECTIVE: To establish the three-dimensional finite element models of maxillary dental arches including square, ovoid, tapered. METHODS: An adult female patient after orthodontic treatment was selected as the subject of this study and her CT data were analyzed used Mimics 20.0 software, Geomagic Studio (2014) software, UnigraphicsNX (10.0) software and ANSYS (18.2) finite element analysis software to generate a complete model of maxillary dental arch. Then, through the calculation of the equations of different dental arch shapes and guide the equations into established dental arch model, three-dimensional finite element models of square, ovoid and tapered dental arches were constructed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A fourth-order polynomial function describing the dental arch shape was obtained and three-dimensional finite element models of square, ovoid and tapered maxillary dental arch were successfully constructed. Square arch had 398 098 nodes and 223 751 units, ovoid arch had 401 800 nodes and 226 177 units, and tapered arch had 404 434 nodes and 227 430 units. These will provide a reliable basis for subsequent biomechanical analysis and clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the maxillary growth after mandibular distraction osteogenesis during the long-term follow-up through measurement of the posterior-anterior cephalometric X-ray films and three-dimensional CT reconstruction images in children with hemifacial microsomia (HFM).Methods From December 2010 to November 2015, 12 children with HFM underwent unilateral mandibular distraction osteogenesis at an early age. To analyze the development of maxillary and recurrence after mandibular distraction osteogenesis through a long-term follow-up.Results The process of mandibular distraction osteogenesis in 12 children was successful. No distractor shifting during the treatment. All children got significant improvement in facial asymmetry. During the follow-up from 3 to 8 years, obvious development of maxillary and improvement of facial asymmetry were found, though certain relapse occurred. Conclusion The mandibular distraction osteogenesis can promote the development of maxilla in children with HFM. It is recommended that children with HFM should take mandibular distraction osteogenesis at an early age in order to achieve good outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought events occur more frequently against global warming in recent years. There is a great threat to the regional water resource management, ecosystem, and sustainable socio-economic development in China. Identification of drought events is essential to further understand characteristics of drought onset, evolution, and recovery. In this study, taking the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) as the study area, a new recognition method was proposed to identify the regional drought events using three-dimensional graph connectedness. By contrast, the specific procedure was first to identify the drought patches in each month using the threshold of occurring areas, and then to merge the drought patches in adjacent months using the threshold of overlapping areas, particularly in the conventional identification of drought events, such as clustering. This new identification was first to recognize the three-dimensional continuum with no limitation, and then to split the continuum using the threshold of occurring and overlapping areas, finally to extract the drought events with three-dimensional characteristics. The number of times was reduced significantly to calculate the overlaid area in space. The spatial-temporal patterns of droughts were obtained to verify the efficiency using the three-month YRB Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI3) from 1960-2015. The results showed that: 1) 1.5% of the study region was considered as the threshold of occurring and overlapping areas, compared with the previous official reports. The drought events identified by the new method in YRB matched very well with the historical occurred ones, covering the onset, termination, and propagation. There was a significant positive correlation between the drought intensity of single drought events and the moisture deficit of surface soil in the affected region. The moisture deficit of surface soil was larger, as the drought intensity increased. It proved the efficiency of the new method in identifying and extracting three-dimensional drought events; 2) 281 drought events are identified in YRB from 1960-2015 and the drought duration of 64 events are larger than 4 months; 3) The duration of long duration drought events (which duration is larger than 4 months) decreased, while the drought area and drought frequency increased. Long duration droughts occurred 43 times during 1960-1999, the average drought duration and drought area were 8.1 months and 2.74×104 km², respectively. And long duration droughts occurred 21 times during 2000-2015, the average drought duration and drought area were 7.6 months and 3.50×104 km² respectively. The frequency of long duration drought events in the middle region of YRB is higher than that in the eastern and western regions. 4) The drought events occurred more frequently in Shannxi, Hubei, and Sichuan provinces, while the north Yunnan and Guizhou provinces presented a relatively lower frequency. Accumulative drought intensity was large in north Guizhou, northwest and east Sichuan, and Hubei provinces and Chongqing City, whereas, relatively small in the north Yunnan, Jiangxi and south Jiangsu provinces. The frequency and severity of drought events presented an increasing trend in the middle region of YRB, while a decreasing trend in the western and the eastern. The center of about 50% drought events moved to the northwest, due mainly to the water vapor transference and the migration of precipitation belt. The identification of drought events can effectively recognize and extract drought events in three-dimension images. The finding can provide greatly promising guidance for drought and regional water resource management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fruit trees are important agricultural and forestry plants; their life is a complex system. Digital technology can help humans effectively perceive and recognize the life, production, and ecosystem of fruit trees, and then realize intelligent production. Nowadays, reducing the planting cost of fruit trees, improving the quality of fruit products, and promoting the marketing of fruit products, digital technology has increasingly become a hot research topic of fruit tree planting, and it is also an urgent need for the development of fruit industry. In this review, firstly, the concept and connotation of digital fruit tree were discussed systematically under the category of digital plant technology, its concept was defined as a theoretical technology and technical service platform system that comprehensively uses digital technology to study life, production, and ecosystem of fruit trees through high-throughput information acquisition and intelligent processing, and to realize the quantification, visual perception, and cognition of complex system of fruit trees. Secondly, the framework of the digital fruit tree technology system was put forward, its main modules included the classification of digital elements, digital data acquisition, construction of the digital cognitive model, and digital application services, then, the hierarchical structure of the technical framework was described in detail. Thirdly, the research progress of key technologies of digital fruit trees were systematically reviewed, including five aspects: 1) the fruit tree phenotype information acquisition technologies; 2) the fruit tree growth environment data acquisition technologies; 3) the fruit tree three-dimensional model construction and visualization technology; 4) the fruit tree digital breeding technologies; 5) the fruit big data and virtual reality technology. At the same time, the current development progress and technical bottlenecks of various key technologies were reviewed. Among them, the phenotypic technology runs through the lifeline of digital fruit trees, which is the key link in the construction of a digital fruit tree technology system. Under different scales of the sky, air, and earth, therefore, the performance characteristics, the phenotype platform flux, the accuracy and efficiency of phenotype acquisition sensors were summarized in this review. Indeed, phenotypic information acquisition and analysis technology are still one of the bottlenecks. Digital fruit tree technology has been widely used in many links of fruit production. So, fourthly, the effects and challenges were reviewed and discussed in detail from the perspective of fruit industry application. At present, the main application scenarios of digital fruit technology include tree shape management, growth monitoring, planting management, digital agricultural technology training, digital brand building, agricultural tourism digital service, and so on. Typical application cases were classified and introduced to provide application ideas for researchers and fruit production management personnel. Fifthly, the development trend, research hotspots, and technical breakthrough direction of digital fruit trees prospected, including big data technology, artificial intelligence technology, multi reconfiguration technology, virtual reality technology, and so on. To improve the intelligence level for the digital fruit tree technology system, the different technologies should be integrated deeply. This review could provide a useful reference for the further development of the digital fruit trees, for knowing the research hot spot, and for understanding the application bottleneck. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Henan University of Technology Natural Science Edition is the property of Henan University of Technology Journal Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays is the property of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: The anatomical structure of the foot and ankle is complex. There are many extensor and flexor tendons passing through the foot and ankle, which is adjacent to many blood vessels and nerves. The foot and ankle play an important role in human walking, jumping and squatting. As the ankle joint itself is the most distal load-bearing joint of the limb, it is difficult to achieve satisfactory therapeutic effect by traditional methods to treat complex periankle fractures (such as severe comminuted trimalleolar fractures and Pilon fractures), or various severe ankle deformities (such as talipes equinovarus, hallux valgus, and flatfoot). Fortunately, in recent years, 3D printing technology has significantly improved the success rate and patient satisfaction of the above diseases. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the current situation of 3D printing technology in the treatment of ankle fracture and deformity. METHODS: The computer was used to search CNKI, PubMed database. Chinese search terms were “3D printing technology, ankle surgery, ankle fracture, ankle deformity, orthopedics”. The English search terms were “3D printing, foot and ankle surgery, ankle fracture, foot and ankle deformity, orthopedic surgery”. The retrieval period was from January 2000 to February 2020. A total of 105 articles were retrieved. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 55 articles were finally included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Through the simulation operation of foot and ankle surgery on 3D physical model, the operator’s proficiency in the operation can be improved. Simultaneously, according to the needs of the operation, individual surgical instruments can be made to improve the success rate of the operation. (2) Compared with the traditional foot orthosis, 3D printing technology can make foot orthosis more suitable for human body structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pancreaticoduodenectomy is one of the most difficult abdominal operations, and the difficulty in resection and complicated digestive tract reconstruction have brought great challenges for surgeons. At present, laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy has been widely used in clinical practice, and compared with traditional 2D laparoscopy, 3D laparoscopy has the features of high magnification, high definition, and three - dimensional vision, which enables surgeons to see more clearly and operate more accurately, and thus it has great potential to be widely used in pancreaticoduodenectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the clinic value of ultrasound 3-dimensional shear wave elastography (3D-SWE) in therapeutic effect evaluation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for HER-2 positive breast cancer patients. Methods A total of 43 lesions from 43 HER-2 positive breast cancer patients were selected and all of the lesions were confirmed by biopsy. Ultrasound examination was performed routinely before each chemotherapy cycle. The interested regions were selected under the 3-dimensional (3D) elasticity and gray-scale mode, the relevant data such as shear waves in the transverse, longitudinal and coronal sections of the mass were generated automatically. According to the histopathological results, the patients were divided into the pathological complete remission (pCR) group and the incomplete remission (non-pCR) group. The maximum elastic hardness value (Emax) and the reduction degree (-Emax) of the lesions in the two groups were measured and compared in each cycle of NAC. The accuracy of 3D-SWE technique for predicting the efficacy of NAC was evaluated using indicators such as sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results The clinicopathologic features between pCR group (18 cases) and non-pCR Group (25 cases) were not significantly different (P>0.05). Compared with pre-chemotherapy, the Emax values of pCR group and non-pCR Group during chemotherapy were declined (P<0.05). Moreover, the Emax values of pCR group before and after chemotherapy were lower than those of non-pCR group (P<0.05). At the end of the first cycle of chemotherapy, the predictive specificity, sensitivity and area under the curve (AUC) of pCR group were 72.0%, 83.3% and 0.838 (95% CI =0.680~0.930) respectively when the cutoff value of Emax was 118 kPa. At the end of the second cycle, the predictive specificity, sensitivity and AUC of pCR group were 76.0%, 83.3% and 0.863 (95%CI =0.720~ 0.940) respectively when the cutoff value of Emax was 87 kPa. At the end of the third cycle, the predictive specificity and sensitivity and the AUC of the pCR group were 88.0%, 77.8% and 0.893 (95%CI =0.760~ 0.970) when the cutoff value of Emax was 57 kPa. At the end of the fourth cycle of chemotherapy, the predictive specificity, sensitivity and AUC of pCR group were 92.5%, 88.9% and 0.960 (95%CI =0.850~ 0.990) respectively when the cutoff value of Emax was 30 kPa. After one cycle of NAC, the predictive sensitivity and specificity and AUC of pCR group were 88.0%, 60.0%, and 0.719 (95%CI =0.620~0.890) when the cutoff value of -Emax was 16.8%. After two cycles, the predictive sensitivity, specificity and AUC of pCR group were 55.5%, 80.0% and 0.712 (95%CI =0.550~0.840) when the cutoff value of -Emax was 34.9%. After three cycles, the predictive sensitivity, specificity and AUC of pCR group were 67.4%, 81.2% and 0.779 (95%CI = 0.680~ 0.930) when the cutoff value of -Emax was 55.2%. After four cycles, the predictive sensitivity, specificity and AUC of pCR group was 72.3%, 92.0% and 0.831 (95%CI = 0.690~ 0.930) when the cutoff value of -Emax was 75.1%. Conclusion The Emax and -Emax values measured by 3D-SWE technology can predict the curative effect of NAC for breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jujube is widely cultivated in China because of their extremely high nutritional value and medical value. With the increase of the planting area, the shortcomings of manual management have become increasingly prominent, and it is urgent to realize the information management of jujube orchards. With the rise of smart agriculture, computer technology and agricultural production are combined to build digital agriculture. To realize the intelligent pruning of jujube trees, a three-dimensional reconstruction of jujube trees in Xinjiang was carried out. This study proposed a three-dimensional reconstruction method of fruit trees under a natural lighting environment based on point cloud registration. Moreover, aiming at the strict requirements of the spatial position of the registered point cloud, an improved point cloud registration algorithm was proposed based on the traditional Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm for the strict requirements of the spatial position of the registered point cloud. Firstly, color images and depth images of fruit trees from different perspectives were collected by using an RGB-D camera, and point cloud acquisition under corresponding perspectives was achieved through information fusion. Secondly, Data preprocessing of fruit trees’ each piece of point cloud was carried out for background removing and original point cloud de-noising based on depth distance judgment and spare noise filtering methods respectively. The region of interest was extracted by setting the segmentation threshold based on the histogram of the number of point clouds, and accordingly, each relative accurate data set was obtained as the jujube tree’s point cloud in each specific perspective. Then, there were three target balls which were artificial markers near the root, and the artificial marking method was used to realize the initial cloud registration of the two sites. Finally, on the basis of initial registration, the surface normal vector and curvature of the point cloud were calculated, and the points with similar curvature formed a pair of points. The kd-tree was used to establish a high-dimensional index tree data structure to structure to decrease the cost of running time of point cloud registration. Then, the ICP algorithm was used to complete precise registration. The registered point cloud was triangulated using the Alpha-shape algorithm to achieve surface reconstruction. The above-mentioned methods of initial registration and precise registration were used to globally register multiple jujube trees and completely reconstruct the three-dimensional model of fruit trees. The experimental results showed that by introducing the initial registration, the accuracy and stability of the point cloud registration were effectively improved. The registration error was controlled within 1.0 cm, and the average registration error was 0.76 cm. The reconstructed model had a strong sense of reality and was closer to the real-world tree in appearance. The relative error between the ground truth of the branch and the reconstructed value was controlled within 7%, and the accuracy of the reconstructed model was higher. The reconstruction model had high accuracy, which could provide a visual research foundation and technical support for intelligent jujube pruning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Forensic Medicine / Fayixue Zazhi is the property of Journal of Forensic Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Imaging Science & Photochemistry is the property of Imaging Science & Photochemistry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a plant organ appearance textures generation system using a single image to improve the efficiency of three-dimensional digital media content production and simplify the tedious process of producing the textured appearance of plant organs in images. The system consists of six modules: diffuse reflection texture, transmittance texture, specular textures, normal map, ambient occlusion (AO) map and real-time visualization. The system takes a single organ texture as input. Firstly, the input texture is decomposed into diffuse reflection texture and shading texture by the diffuse reflection texture module. The two textures thus obtained are also used as input images for other modules. Diffuse reflection texture module adopts an energy constrained intrinsic decomposition method, which is stable and quick. The transmittance texture module can transform a diffuse reflection texture into a transmittance texture. The core of the module is a transmittance empirical model based on the PROSPECT model, which is a widely used leaf-scale radiation transfer model. To obtain this empirical model, we first generate the spectral data of leaf reflectance and transmittance under different parameters by PROSPECT model and transform them into RGB color space. Then we invert the statistical formula of plant leaf transmittance and reflection by using weighted least squares regression. The formula yields the transmittance color by diffuse reflection color. Specular intensity and roughness parameter describe the directional characteristics of leaf surface reflection. In theory, these two parameters can’t be accurately calculated from a single image. Therefore, specular textures module focuses on providing users with an interactive tool to speed up the generation of textures. We assume that the materials of leaf-blade regions that show similar diffuse reflectance are similar, as are their specular parameters. Therefore, in the specular textures module, the user interactively selects some sample points on the diffuse reflection texture, sets the specular intensity parameter and roughness parameter for these points, and then calculates these two specular parameters on the basis of the diffuse similarity between the other positions on the diffuse reflection texture and the selected sample points. Normal map module uses shading map to estimate a normal map. First, the shape from shading technique based on linear approximation is used to estimate the relative height of the organ surface from the shading map. Second, the organ surface height is filtered by Gauss blur to obtain the low-frequency features on the organ surface height. We estimate two normal maps by low frequency height feature and original height feature respectively. We overlay the two normal maps by linear interpolation to obtain the final normal map We observed that the concave and convex areas on the organ surface formed shadows in the shading map and these could be used as environmental shadows. Therefore, the system uses an illumination map S to generate a simple AO map. First, the brightness of the shading map is enhanced, and then, Gauss blur is used to get the final AO map. To facilitate users to evaluate the quality of the final product, that is the appearance of the texture, the real-time visualization module loads the generated appearance of the texture for real-time rendering to provide the users the WYSIWYG three-dimensional visualization results. Experiments show that our appearance of texture matches the appearance parameters in the three-dimensional rendering formula and can be directly applied to the generation of realistic digital images of plants in three-dimensional visualization software. Compared to the current commercial texture production software, the texture style generated by this system is more comprehensive, more in line with the production needs of digital images of plants, and more automated and user-friendly. It meets the need for rapid and accurate rendering of the textured appearance of plant organs and provides a technical tool for the development of three-dimensional digital image resources of agricultural specimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C臂CT是一种由锥束X线与平板探测器结合构成的医学成像技术,可实现三维实时成像,其在介入诊疗中已得到广泛应用。本文就C臂CT的特点与优势、其在介入放射学中的应用进展做一综述。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的 探究不同移位程度GardenⅠ型股骨颈骨折股骨近端生物力学特点,分析移位程度小的GardenⅠ型骨折是否具有保守治疗理论上的可行性.方法 收集60例GardenⅠ型骨折患者的术前双侧股骨近端多层螺旋CT扫描的薄层原始数据,将原始数据导入Mimics 10.01软件,通过软件三维测量技术计算股骨头空间移位程度,将原始CT数据导入Simpleware 6.0软件分离髋臼和股骨头,并建立内部填实的股骨近端三维有限元网格模型,将有限元模型导入Abaqus 6.12软件,对所有模型施加缓慢行走时的载荷和约束,观察不同移位程度(按股骨头中心移位距离把患者分为0～5 mm组、>5～10 mm组、>10 mm组,按股骨头小凹最低点移位距离把患者分为0～7 mm组、>7～15 mm组、>15 mm组,按股骨头空间移位角度,把患者分为0°～10°组、>10°～20°组、>20°组)的GardenⅠ型骨折股骨颈区生物力学特点.结果 所有患者股骨头存在不同程度的旋转移位,股骨头中心移位距离为(7.57±3.73)mm,股骨头小凹最低点移位距离为(9.56±3.75)mm,股骨头空间移位角度为18.76° ±12.30°.股骨头中心移位距离0～5 mm组,股骨头小凹最低点移位距离0～7 mm组,股骨头空间移位角度0°～10°组,健患侧的应力峰值、最大等效应变值、冠状面最大位移比较差异无统计学意义,其余各组患侧应力峰值、最大等效应变值、冠状面最大位移明显高于健侧(P均<0.05).结论 GardenⅠ型股骨颈骨折为有移位的嵌插性骨折,股骨头空间移位程度和股骨近端生物力学性能改变呈正相关,移位程度小的GardenⅠ型骨折具有保守治疗理论的可行性. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Geology / Gongcheng Dizhi Xuebao is the property of Journal of Engineering Geology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: The uncertainty of repairing results of tissue-engineered cartilage is related to the mechanical behavior of repairing area. The shape, depth and load characteristics of repairing defects will change the mechanical environment of repairing area in varying degrees. Therefore, the appropriate mechanical properties of artificial cartilage can be explored by studying the above parameters. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of the shape and stacking method of the scaffold material on the mechanical behavior of the repairing area by finite element method. METHODS: MRI-3D printed silk fibroin/collagen composite scaffolds were used. These scaffolds were cut into circular and rectangular products. Each shape of products were stacked vertically and obliquely to form a three-dimensional entity. ANSYS12.0 and Solid95 units were used for modeling and mesh generation. 10 kPa load (Z=10 mm) was uniformly added to the top of the material. The displacement, stress, and strain distribution of the material were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Vertical stacking of circular and rectangular products had regular shapes, with strict symmetry of X and Y axis. Oblique stacking of circular and rectangular products had irregular shapes, which can only meet the symmetry of the X axis, and Y and Z axes had characteristics of ladder. Compared with the vertical stacking, the axial displacement of obliquely stacked products was more obvious, which did not facilitate bone tissue ingrowth. Vertical stacking of circular and rectangular products led to uniform stress distribution, with strict axial symmetry. There was a small area of large strain (stress) region caused by stress concentration in the bottom edge or corner. When circular and rectangular products were obliquely stacked, asymmetries in shape and loads led to nonuniform and ladder-shaped local stress, and there was a large area of strain (stress) region. These results suggest that circular product is preferable over rectangular product, and vertical stacking is conductive to repairing bone tissue compared with oblique stacking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methane hydrate phase equilibrium is of great significance in engineering problems related to hydrate formation/decomposition. According to the theory of statistical thermodynamics and CSMHYD software for gas hydrate phase equilibrium, a large number of hydrate phase equilibrium data of temperature, pressure and concentration of NaCl are obtained within the scope of engineering, by which the three dimensional phase equilibrium surface equation is fitted with high precision, reasonable physical meaning and simple expression. The applicable pressure and NaCl solution concentration of the phase equilibrium equation cover almost all the situations possibly encountered in the engineering. The results of the surface equation are in good agreement with the experimental data from a lot of literature. Furthermore, the predicted values of phase equilibrium by the fitted function are more reasonable and accurate in high salinity and high pressure area than that in the literature. Based on the equation, the law of T-p equilibrium line caused by the variation of salt concentration is studied, and Clausius-Clapeyron linear behavior is verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The southern area of Laizhou bay is located by the Bohai sea. There have been three seawater intrusion events in history, and a mass of high concentration saline brine has been buried in its subsurface aquifers. Large - scale exploitation of underground brine resources has been carried out since the 1970s. Brine baysalt has become a pillar industry of local economic development. In recent years, many salt pans become abandoned due to the exhaustion of regional shallow brine resources and the restriction of high cost and market factors of deep brine exploitation. In this context, some salt pans have been reclaimed based on the relevant government policies. Although a series of remediation measures that combining agriculture and engineering have been carried out on the reclaimed land of salt pans, the soil still contains a large amount of soluble salt on account of the influence of perennial baysalt process, moreover, the content of soil nutrients is also extremely low. The high soil salinity has always been the main limiting factor for the sustainable development of agriculture in the reclamation areas of abandoned salt fields. In this paper, soil sampling data of cotton growth period in four key nodes were used to study the spatial distribution characteristics of soil organic matter and soil salinity at different depths in different periods, and to analyze the correlation between them. The two-dimensional spatial distribution map of soil organic matter content and the three-dimensional spatial distribution map of soil salinity in different periods were drawn. The results showed that the variation of soil salinity and organic matter content at different depths in different periods in the study area was large, among which the maximum variation of organic matter content reached 37.3 g/kg and the maximum variation of soil salinity reached 57.2 g/kg, the variation intensity of both soil salinity and organic matter content was moderate. Soil salinity and organic matter content decreased with time change. The correlation between soil salinity and organic matter content in the soil layer of 0 - 30 cm was the highest, the range was from 0.25 to 0.38, but it did not reach the level of significant correlation. The correlation of soil salinity between different layers reached a significant or extremely significant degree. There was a moderate spatial autocorrelation between soil salinity and surface soil organic matter content. Kriging interpolation results showed that the surface soil organic matter content was distributed in a banded manner, the organic matter content increased gradually from west to east in seedling stage and flowering stage. The soil organic matter content in the flowering and boll period was the lowest in the northeast, and the highest in the harvest period was concentrated in the northwest and southeast. The three-dimensional spatial distribution of soil salinity was similar in different periods and different layers, and its spatial distribution characteristics were generally close. The high soil salinity area at seedling and flowering stage appeared in the southeast. The spatial distribution of soil salinity in flowering and flowering period was scattered and patchy. The results provide technical support for scientific improvement and rational utilization of saline soil and sustainable development of agriculture to the southern area of Laizhou Bay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology. Social Sciences Edition / Haerbin Gongye Daxue Xuebao. Shehui Kexue Ban is the property of Harbin Institute of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Different graphic techniques and methods are usually presented to simulate the 3D plant shape structure and growth in the field of virtual plant and visualization. Research results had been widely used in agriculture, forestry, landscape design, game, VR and computer animation, especially in plant shape structure-function modeling and natural landscape reconstruction. At present, the shape, color, texture and other morphological structure characteristics of the plants are mainly simulated by using the algorithms of computer graphics and rendering technology. The L-system is used to describe the geometry shape of plant and has faced the challenge of simulating the growth for complicated plant structure such as flower development. In this study, we present a method to describe the flower plant shape modeling and growth deformation based-on the scanning 3D point cloud data to avoid the complex plant procedural modeling. At first, we obtained the flower plant point cloud data in different growth development stages by using the 3D scanning device, and the sample data required for the function fitting and deforming by segmenting and intercepting the point cloud model. The sample data was fitted to summarize the growth rules of flower plant by using the tools of MATLAB and specified functional model. Then we combined the traditional flower growth simulation with the free-form deformation algorithm (FFD) based on the point cloud model. The traditional method deformed the shape by dragging the control point on the bounding box. But we made the control point move automatically, where the outside control points were driven to deform according to the growth function. In order to realize the operation of spatial points in the free-form deformation algorithm, the control points were converted from the world coordinates to local coordinates. Regardless of the world coordinates of the control points how to change, there were fixed local coordinates of the points take part in the mathematic transform. To fit the growth model of flowers, a special sampling and fitting method was designed. First, the flower was divided into different growth patterns and sampled separately according to the shape structure, we could get the fitting function by using the sample data. Then the real-time dynamic process of plant growth was operated by combining the growth function and deformation algorithm. To simulate the dynamic growth of flowers, a method was proposed based on the real measurement data of point cloud data model, which combined the FFD algorithm with the true growth principles to simulate the series change of petal shape. The test results showed that our method could maintain the plant morphological characteristics during the deformation and reconstruct the real process of plant growth according to the initial and final point cloud data, which could get a realistic visual effects. At last, we compared our deformation method with the physics-based simulation method and evaluate the algorithm precision by fitting regression analysis and measuring the geometry error between the real measure data and the reconstructed data. The results showed that the geometry deformation error could be controlled within 2 mm and the coefficient of determination was above 0.75 during the whole period of plant growth. The final reconstructed plant model was similar with the real plant and a novel approach was provided to simulate plant growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]