Objective：To investigate the occurrence and related risk factors of adverse reactions of obstetric blood transfusion, and to provide evidence for prevention and treatment of adverse reactions of obstetric blood transfusion. Methods: A retrospective analysis was made on obstetric patients who received blood transfusion from January 2016 to December 2017 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. The observation group (75 cases, a total of 76 times) had adverse transfusion reactions, while the control group (1 243 cases) had no adverse transfusion reactions. Analyze the adverse reactions of obstetric blood transfusion and analyze the risk factors related to adverse reaction of blood transfusion by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results: There was a total of 2 778 times for blood transfusion in obstetrics, and the incidence of adverse reactions in obstetrics was 2.74% (76/2 778), including allergic reaction (63.16%), non-hemolytic fever (23.68%) and other adverse reactions (13.16%). The adverse reaction rate of platelet collection was higher than that of suspended red blood cells of which the difference was statistically significant (χ²=22.594, P＜0.001), and the adverse reaction rate of platelet collection was higher than that of cryoprecipitation of which the difference was statistically significant (χ²=10.146, P=0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups (χ²=0.025, P=0.874) according to whether antiallergic drugs were used in each bag of blood products. There were significant differences in blood transfusion history, adverse reaction history, times and types of blood transfusion between the two groups (all P＜0.05), and no significant differences in maternal type and allergic history (all P＞0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that history of blood transfusion (OR= 9.888, 95%CI: 5.813-16.820) was a risk factor for adverse transfusion reactions. One transfusion (OR=0.464, 95%CI: 0.277-0.777) was a protective factor for adverse transfusion reactions. Conclusions: Blood transfusion history and times of blood transfusion ≥2 are risk factors for adverse reactions of obstetric blood transfusion. Therefore, the indications of blood transfusion should be strictly controlled and blood transfusion should be reasonable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]