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application/pdf, 地域・都市社会学分野においては、「都市化による近代的コミュニティの成立」というモデルが自明視されていたため、他分野で議論されてきたような「高度成長期日本型モデル」についての明示的な研究蓄積はない。しかし一般的な単線的都市化論では現状をうまく解釈できず、むしろ高度成長期に地域社会の連帯が浸食され溶けていったと理解すべきであると、本稿では問題提起したい。日本特有の「焼畑型ジェントリフィケーション」（既存住宅・コミュニティに住み継ぐのではなく、旧農地などに住宅地新築が繰り返される現象）によって地域社会の記憶が世代間継承されなかったことが、この「浸食」の主因であると、公的統計の再加工によって証拠を提示しながら論じた。この浸食により、農民運動・労働運動のエネルギーが、住民運動以降の後継者を失ったという論点も示唆される。

論説(Article), p.59の表記に誤りあり。(誤)15)(2006)『日本民族辞典』吉川弘文館,pp.308-309, 所収。 → (正)15)福田アジオ(ほか)編(2006)『精選日本民俗辞典』吉川弘文館,pp.308-309, 所収。p.60の表記に誤りあり。(誤)27)(1983)『沖縄事始め・世相史辞典』月刊沖縄社, 685頁。 → (正)27) 山城善三・佐久田繁編(1983)『沖縄事始め・世相史事典』月刊沖縄社, 685頁, 所収。

【要旨】ゴミ焼却場などの迷惑施設の建設において, その環境リスクが実際には限られたものであったとしても, リスコミュニケーションの失敗によって, 近隣住民が強い懸念と不信感をもってしまう場合がある。もしそうなると, 本来行われる冷静な議論や交渉ではなく, 建設を実力阻止する反対運動が生じ, 開発主体と住民の双方に甚大な金銭的・心理的負担を強いてしまうことになる。本研究では, アンケート調査に基づいて, 架空のゴミ焼却場建設計画に対して, どういう人が反対活動への参加意思を示すかを, 順序ロジットモデルと順序プロビットモデルを用いて分析した。その結果, ある程度の懸念や不信感では反対運動への参加は起こらず, 一定以上の強い懸念や不信感が必要であることがわかった。また, 過去における厳しい反対運動の経験の影響も強く見られることもわかった。【Abstract】 As for the construction of not-in-my-backyard (NIMBY) facilities, such as a waste incineration plant, there exist cases where failures to communicate risk can create considerable apprehension and a sense of distrust among community members even if the actual environmental risks posed by the NIMBY facilities are limited. In such cases, protest actions involving forcible disruptions to construction activities may frequently interfere with, or entirely disrupt, calm discussions or negotiated settlements. In addition, protest actions also place severe financial and psychological burdens on developer and residents of the area. This study employed an ordered logit model and an ordered probit model to clarify what kinds of people would participate in opposition activities against imaginary plans for the construction of a waste incineration facility based on a questionnaire survey. We found that a minimum degree of strong apprehension or sense of distrust was required before neighboring residents became involved in protests. In addition, previous experience observing protests also had a marked influence on the proclivity of subjects to demonstrate.

本稿の目的は,1970年代から80年代にかけての,大阪府松原市の図書館づくり住民運動の足跡を,当時の文献と運動の推進者へのインタビュー調査をふまえてたどるなかで,図書館づくり運動の内実を明らかにするところにある。過去の参照事例が少ないなかで,子ども文庫主宰者と図書館職員,助言者の連携のもとで,図書館づくり住民運動と図書館整備行政との連携が生まれ,この図書館システムが構築されたと考えた。, Residents' actions for library construction in Matsubara City, Osaka, from 1970s to 1980s were traced back for understanding the intricate realities of them, with the help of then literatures and the interview surveys to the leaders of the actions. From the literatures and survey results, collaboration of family and community library owners, library staff, advisers, municipal leaders all led the actions to the construction of the library system in Matsubara City.

青森県内地域団体代表者に対して行った「核燃再処理工場の稼働と青森県の将来に関するアンケート調査」の結果から、住民運動と地域づくりの関連を探り、住民の地域づくり学習の課題を提示する。核燃サイクル施設建設反対運動の本質的な課題は、施設立地のための安全協定を拒否する地域・自治体をつくり出すことにある。調査結果では、住民が核燃と共存しようとしているのか依存しない地域づくりを目指そうとしているのかが、決定的な対立点であることが示された。そこから、核燃事業は地域の主産物なのか副産物なのかを問う学習、次世代の担い手を考える学習、地域づくりは何に依拠するのかを発見する学習が課題として指摘された。, 弘前大学教育学部紀要. 102, 2009, p.141-154

This article aims to distinguish the relationship between local life and democraty focusing on public actions in the case of Yufuin town during 1960 to 1980. The activists organized social movements aimed at the protection of the environment in 1970. However,shortly after, conflicts began to arise among the inhabitants; tourism, farmers, and construction companies. Now activists have changed their focus in order to harmonize the social and economic life. During public meetings they are trying to find ways torealize sustainable development by using community identity like culture and traditions. This research will discuss the importance of public actions such as Machizukuri まちづくり andtheir influence in establishing local democrary.

田代国次郎教授・山本信良教授退職記念号

The present article reviewed and integrated basic concepts and viewpoints to comprehend the developmental process of minor group activities. The minor group activities are considered as a key element in current literature on resident movements and community redevelopment projects with residents' participation. They energize and facilitate changes in the local society in a long time span. The integrative viewpoint was constructed by the following two lines of arguments of theoretical premises: 1) What is the condition to achieve the minor group activity and to develop it; 2) What is the concept of collectivity for local society in which the minor group takes actions. The four social psychological theories were reviewed to understand the nature of the targeted changes and contents of minor group activities. The new integrative concept of the community was proposed to explain the collectivity for local society in which the minor group activities participate and function as the field of changes.

本稿は、廃棄物処理・処分場問題を契機とした地域住民の環境保全活動がどのように形成され、廃棄物問題・環境問題をどのように意味づけ、自治体の廃棄物政策や地域づくりにどのような影響を及ほしたかについての環境社会学的分析である。取り上げた3町村の住民運動は、廃棄物処分場計画に対する住民の疑義を集約し、撤回ないし再考まで持っていくことに成功した事例である。成功の要因は、地域の新住民と地元中堅層の両方に浸透する組織化や活動、専門家と連携して住民を啓蒙する活動を中心としたことがあげられよう。特に農村部の2事例は、ムラ社会の共同性規範と両立する活動を展開し、それをより積極的で自発的な自治規範へと昇華させていった。のみならず、不法投棄や不適正処理の防止のために公的処分場を建設しようとする行政の論理に対して、住民参加の推進と制度化、生産や消費生活の様式や価値変革を含む「循環型地域社会」づくりという地域環境主義的方向づけを提起した点に意義を見いだすことができる。, This paper examines the way in which grassroots environmental actions took place among local residents through industrial waste incinerator issues and disposal site construction focusing on how they interpret or make claims, and their influence on waste policy making processes and community development plans of the local governments. In three cases here, citizens' actions successfully address the issue, mobilizing and unifying residents' claims to abolish or to suspend the plans. Both new residents and old ones took part in disseminating environmental information and mobilizing local people respectively, cooperating with expertise, leading their success. Especially in two cases in rural communities, residents' actions have been persuasive rather than politically antagonistic so that they can be supported by "traditional" residents. And finally, they enhanced their rural solidarity, which had been functioning in conservative way, into more active and voluntary self-managing solidarity toward an environmentally sustainable community. They tried to promote and to institutionalize citizens' participation in policy making process, and to change wasteful mass production and mass consumption systems and its value system with the purpose to build a "resource recycling society" . They promoted these as an alternative to conventional municipal policy to construct more “public" industrial waste landfill sites to prevent illegal dumping. These residents' alternative proposals can be considered as an example of "regional environmentalism"

本稿は、ここ数年にわたって首都圏を中心とした地方自治体の産業廃棄物問題を課題として取り上げてきた中で、首都圏の廃棄物が流入して地域紛争が頻発している長野県を事例として、産業廃棄物問題の類型や社会的背景、或いはその問題の背後にある中央官庁の所管問題、さらには産業廃棄物問題に関わる住民運動の社会的特性について考察し、併せて環境社会学的課題を提示することを課題とする。産業廃棄物問題はl.焼却炉問題、2.最終処分場問題、3.堆肥センター問題の3類型に区分して考察する。というのは、昨今首都圏で産業廃棄物問題として、焼却炉の排ガスに含まれるダイオキシンによる環境汚染が大きな問題とされているが、その問題は焼却炉という産業廃棄物処理施設のうちの中間処理施設による環境汚染という産業廃棄物施設の持つ問題の一部に過ぎない。この焼却炉の排ガスによる環境汚染とともに、その焼却炉から排出される焼却灰が処理される最終処理施設の問題もなお深刻である。また、堆肥センターという、一見産業廃棄物問題とは関わりのないように見える施設も産業廃棄物問題と深く関わっていることを提示する。そして、そうした様々な産業廃棄物問題の社会的背景と中央官庁の産業廃棄物処理行政の問題、さらには地方自治体が当面している課題を明らかにし、最後に産業廃棄物問題に取り組む住民運動の特質について考察する。, This report is the environmental-sociological analysis of the industrial waste problems and the task of local government. The task problems are composed of the 3 types : The first type is the incinerator-problem. This is the problem of the poisonous exhaust from the incinerator. The 2nd type is the finaldisposal problem in the local comunity. This is the safety-problem of the disposal institutions. The 3rd type is problem of the compost-institution. This is the illegal management problem of the owner. Still more, I analyse the back ground of these problems and the social movements of peoples towards these problems.

The land reclamation project of Lake Nakaumi started in 1955. This project has two purposes. One is to reclaim five blocks (2,542 hectares) of agricultual land from Lake Nakaumi. The Honjo block with about 1,700 hectares is the largest of the five. The other is to alter the two brackish lakes, Lake Nakaumi and Lake Shinji, into freshwater lakes for agricultual water supply. Local environmental movements started to oppose the project and became so strong that it had to be suspended in 1988. The conversion into freshwater lakes was actually stopped. But a part of the project, the reclamation of the Honjo block, was not stopped. The Administration made three plans to resume the project in quick succession until the end of 1995. Now a conprehensive survey is carried on. In 1988, when the Administration decided to stop making freshwater lakes indefinitely, the project lost its overall concept. The reclamation of the Honjo block was treated as a separate project. This made the plan inconsistent and created new opposition movements. There exists a gap between the "official" concerned groups that are identified in the plan and the people concerned in reality. And this is one of the defects of the planning process. There are two opposing visions about the Honjo block in Lake Nakaumi. One is the opinion of the Administration and the local economic circles. They consider the new land of Honjo block as a base to create a new urban core in the San-in region. The other is the opinion of the opponents. They consider Honjo block as an indispensable part of Lake Nakaumi, which was rich in brackish fish and shellfish before the original project started. The environmental movements show another vision of lake use and an alternative way of regional developement. They have never opposed the project only to oppose the Administration. Local environmental movements cannot directly change the planning system of regional development in Japan. But they play an uninstitutional role in making up the defects of the planning system. They can disclose various informations about a project, assess the effects on the environment and propose an alternative way of regional development. But this role is not sufficiently recognized and these movements are not institutionally integrated in the planning system at all.

The land reclamation project of Lake Nakaumi started in 1955. This project has two purposes. One is to reclaim five blocks (2,542 hectares) of agricultual land from Lake Nakaumi. The Honjo block with about 1,700 hectares is the largest of the five. The other is to alter the two brackish lakes, Lake Nakaumi and Lake Shinji, into freshwater lakes for agricultual water supply. Local environmental movements started to oppose the project and became so strong that it had to be suspended in 1988. The conversion into freshwater lakes was actually stopped. But a part of the project, the reclamation of the Honjo block, was not stopped. The Administration made three plans to resume the project in quick succession until the end of 1995. Now a conprehensive survey is carried on. In 1988, when the Administration decided to stop making freshwater lakes indefinitely, the project lost its overall concept. The reclamation of the Honjo block was treated as a separate project. This made the plan inconsistent and created new opposition movements. There exists a gap between the "official" concerned groups that are identified in the plan and the people concerned in reality. And this is one of the defects of the planning process. There are two opposing visions about the Honjo block in Lake Nakaumi. One is the opinion of the Administration and the local economic circles. They consider the new land of Honjo block as a base to create a new urban core in the San-in region. The other is the opinion of the opponents. They consider Honjo block as an indispensable part of Lake Nakaumi, which was rich in brackish fish and shellfish before the original project started. The environmental movements show another vision of lake use and an alternative way of regional developement. They have never opposed the project only to oppose the Administration. Local environmental movements cannot directly change the planning system of regional development in Japan. But they play an uninstitutional role in making up the defects of the planning system. They can disclose various informations about a project, assess the effects on the environment and propose an alternative way of regional development. But this role is not sufficiently recognized and these movements are not institutionally integrated in the planning system at all.

中海・宍道湖の干拓・淡水化事業は, 1988年に地元を中心とする反対運動によって, 淡水化について事実上の中止に追い込まれた。干拓事業については1990年代半ばになって再び事業を進めるか否かが問い直されている。本稿では前者の淡水化事業が凍結されるまでの反対運動に注目し, その地域性及びその意味を明らかにする。反対運動は, 宍道湖でシジミ漁を営む漁民や生活環境・観光資源を重視する松江市民らを中心として, 広範に展開された。この一連の反対運動は, 関係する地域で一様な展開をみせたわけではなく, その発生や展開過程において顕著な地域差をみせた。それは, 鳥取県と島根県という行政領域の違い, 中海と宍道湖という直接の関心事となる対象の違い, 都市部と農村部という社会経済環境の違いという3つの視点からとらえることができる。環境保全運動は, 対象が, その存在する地域と不可分なことや, 運動の担い手がその地域の住民であること等のために, 地域性を反映したものとなる。今回の例では, 松江中心で運動が進んだために, 「宍道湖を守ろう」という性格の強い運動となった。運動を成功させるためにも, また, 当事者間の主張や利害関係を調整し, 問題を解決するためにも, 表面的な争点にとどまらず, 地域構造上の問題点に踏み込んだ環境問題の理解が求められる。, The study purports clarification of regional characteristic of the environmental movements to oppose the Project of Land Redamation in Lake Nakaumi, which also includes a sub-project to alter the two brackish lakes, Lake Nakaumi and Lake Shinji, into freshwater lakes. This project has been suspended by the pressure from these movements. Precisely speaking, the sub-project to alter the lakes into freshwater lakes was actually cancelled in 1988, and the main project to reclaim land from Lake Nakaumi is still a matter of controversy between the local goverments and the local residents. The subject of this paper is to examine the movements which continued to the time when the former project was cancelled. The opponents against the project consisted of people who lived around the lakes, especialy fishermen gathering shijimi clams and citizen of Matsue city. These movements, which were expanded rapidly and widely during 1980's, made remarkable regional differences in the development process. It is possible to see these movements from three points of regional dichotomy. The first is a relation between Tottori and Shimane prefecture, which explains the characteristic of the organization and spatial extent of the movements. The second is that between Lake Nakaumi and Lake Shinji, which explains the characteristic of the concern of residents and strategy of the movements. The third is that between the urban area and the rural area, which explains the charactor of the leaders and the supporters. The movements might ultimately inquire how to evaluate and make use of these two lakes as the regional resources. In this case, many people hoped Lake Shinji to be preserved as a brackish lake which would provide shijimi clams and many kind of fish, and which would be an essential element of the landscape in an old city, Matsue. So the movements laid a stress on the preservation of Lake Shinji, though the projects would have worse influences upon Lake Nakaumi. An environmental preservation movement reflects the figure of the region facing environmental plobems. To clarify the regionnal characteristics in the environmental preservation movements is important not only for the study of social movement theory but also for the study of regional development planning and environmental management.

本稿は都市環境問題に取り組んできたわれわれのグループが、昨年度以来首都圏を中心とした地方自治体の廃棄物処分場問題を課題として取り上げ、地方自治体を対象に産業廃棄物処理問題に関するアンケート調査を実施してきた。その一貫として首都圏に近く、高速道等のアクセスが整備されたことによって首都圏の廃棄物の処分場が集中すると考えられている地域として長野県の廃棄物処分場問題と自治体の廃棄物処分場問題行政のあり方を取り上げて考察したものである。はじめに、長野県廃棄物対策課が発行した県内の産業廃棄物処理に関するデータを紹介しつつ、そのデータの持つ問題点を指摘し、さらにその社会的背景を考察した。次に、産業廃棄物処理問題に関する県内の市町村の対応の仕方を大きく二つに分類し、それぞれ分析考察した。一つは住民サイドに立って地域の自然環境、とりわけ水源地保護に取り組む自治体であり、もう一つは産業廃棄物処分場建設を進める国や県の方針に沿って自治体行政を進めようとするところである。また、これに関して、第三セクタ一方式で建設計画が進んでいる産業廃棄物処分場に関する問題点を指摘した。また、産業廃棄物処分場問題を地域社会の構造的な問題としてとらえ、同施設建設の際の住民合意のあり方の問題を最後に分析考察した。, This report is the environmental-sociological analysis of the industrial waste problems and local government in Nagano-prefecture. In Nagano-prefecture, today, they have many problems and troubles by the plans to construct the disposal establishments for the industrial waste and such operating establishments, and are worried by the pollution of riverheads. Such peoples are protesting to that establishments and the local governments that have permitted them. The social movements of peoples and the social structures of there and the local Government is analysed in this report.

出版者照会中., 金沢大学理工研究域環境デザイン学系, This study, as a case study of Danbara Area Urban Redevelopment Project in Hiroshima City, examines how residents evaluate the project after enterprising project by questionnaire survey. In this paper, by pay attention to former land-owner-and-house occupant' right conversion and their attitude to residents' movement, we understand that they can be divided into five groups. 1) Detached house class I (residents' movement type) does not always accept project result, but approves the important role of residents' movement. 2) Detached house class II (Middle type) approves the important part of improvement of project, 3) Detached house class III (administrative depending type) recognizes the important part of project execution, 4) Building owner class is a group of beneficiary, who recognizes the important role of land reduction. 5) Public house class whose land and house has been purchased by project executor, become relatively unconcern about project.

Supervisor:中森 義輝, 知識科学研究科, 修士

中海・宍道湖の干拓・淡水化事業は, 1988年に地元を中心とする反対運動によって, 淡水化について事実上の中止に追い込まれた。干拓事業については1990年代半ばになって再び事業を進めるか否かが問い直されている。本稿では前者の淡水化事業が凍結されるまでの反対運動に注目し, その地域性及びその意味を明らかにする。反対運動は, 宍道湖でシジミ漁を営む漁民や生活環境・観光資源を重視する松江市民らを中心として, 広範に展開された。この一連の反対運動は, 関係する地域で一様な展開をみせたわけではなく, その発生や展開過程において顕著な地域差をみせた。それは, 鳥取県と島根県という行政領域の違い, 中海と宍道湖という直接の関心事となる対象の違い, 都市部と農村部という社会経済環境の違いという3つの視点からとらえることができる。環境保全運動は, 対象が, その存在する地域と不可分なことや, 運動の担い手がその地域の住民であること等のために, 地域性を反映したものとなる。今回の例では, 松江中心で運動が進んだために, 「宍道湖を守ろう」という性格の強い運動となった。運動を成功させるためにも, また, 当事者間の主張や利害関係を調整し, 問題を解決するためにも, 表面的な争点にとどまらず, 地域構造上の問題点に踏み込んだ環境問題の理解が求められる。, The study purports clarification of regional characteristic of the environmental movements to oppose the Project of Land Redamation in Lake Nakaumi, which also includes a sub-project to alter the two brackish lakes, Lake Nakaumi and Lake Shinji, into freshwater lakes. This project has been suspended by the pressure from these movements. Precisely speaking, the sub-project to alter the lakes into freshwater lakes was actually cancelled in 1988, and the main project to reclaim land from Lake Nakaumi is still a matter of controversy between the local goverments and the local residents. The subject of this paper is to examine the movements which continued to the time when the former project was cancelled. The opponents against the project consisted of people who lived around the lakes, especialy fishermen gathering shijimi clams and citizen of Matsue city. These movements, which were expanded rapidly and widely during 1980's, made remarkable regional differences in the development process. It is possible to see these movements from three points of regional dichotomy. The first is a relation between Tottori and Shimane prefecture, which explains the characteristic of the organization and spatial extent of the movements. The second is that between Lake Nakaumi and Lake Shinji, which explains the characteristic of the concern of residents and strategy of the movements. The third is that between the urban area and the rural area, which explains the charactor of the leaders and the supporters. The movements might ultimately inquire how to evaluate and make use of these two lakes as the regional resources. In this case, many people hoped Lake Shinji to be preserved as a brackish lake which would provide shijimi clams and many kind of fish, and which would be an essential element of the landscape in an old city, Matsue. So the movements laid a stress on the preservation of Lake Shinji, though the projects would have worse influences upon Lake Nakaumi. An environmental preservation movement reflects the figure of the region facing environmental plobems. To clarify the regionnal characteristics in the environmental preservation movements is important not only for the study of social movement theory but also for the study of regional development planning and environmental management.