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Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

溃疡性结肠炎（UC）发病机制涉及遗传, 免疫和环境等因素. 辅助性 T 细胞 17（Th17）和调节性 T 细胞 （Treg）在UC发展过程中起相互拮抗的作用, 二者之间的免疫失衡促进了UC的进展. 肠道菌群失调是免疫失调, 肠 道微生物群作为影响Th17/Treg平衡的重要因素受到研究关注, UC患者存在肠道菌群失衡、微生物代谢物的改变、 免疫失衡等机体稳态破坏. 因此, 通过调整肠道微生物群来纠正Th17/Treg失衡可能是治疗UC的新方法. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells are a kind of the ideal seed cells in the field of regenerative medicine. Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells have shown good application prospect in the treatment of a variety of diseases. Effective control of the key technology of preparation process to ensure that human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells preparations meet the quality requirements is fundament for the safety and effectiveness of clinical application. OBJECTIVE: To describe the key technologies of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells preparation and quality control, analyze the existing problems and solutions, and summarize the key quality control and technical standards. METHODS: CNKI, Wanfang, and PubMed databases were retrieved by using computer to search relevant articles published from January 2010 to March 2021 with key words of “mesenchymal stem cells, cell culture, biological characteristic, quality control, microbiology contamination” in Chinese and English, separately. Finally, 47 articles were included for analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: It is the key to quality control and ensure safety in clinic, for example, (1) scientific selection of donors during the preparation of clinical-grade human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells; stable and standardized collection methods; optimization of cell separation, culture, and in vitro expansion techniques, standardization of experimental operations; monitoring of cell preparation laboratory environment, and cell preparation quality detection technology and so on. (2) The establishment and application of a serum-free culture system are conducive to ensuring the quality of preparations. (3) Maintaining the biological characteristics and functional activity of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells, as well as human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells tumorigenicity, aging, and abnormal immune response meet the release and review inspection quality standards. These can ensure that human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells preparations exert good clinical effects and avoid adverse reactions to the greatest extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Heart transplantation is an important treatment for end-stage heart disease. The use of immunosuppressive drugs is indispensable for the maintenance of transplantation. Given the enormous side effects of immunosuppressive drugs, it may even have a significant impact on the quality of life of patients. People began to explore new ways to induce transplantation tolerance to avoid the use of immunosuppressive drugs. The immunomodulation characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells have attracted the attention of researchers and a large number of related researches have been carried out.OBJECTIVE: To summarize and investigate the characteristics of immune regulation of mesenchymal stem cells and immune tolerance induction in heart transplantation and their relationship. METHODS: We searched relevant literature in PubMed database. Key words were “stem cell; mesenchymal stem cells; MSC; MSCs; heart transplantation; cardiac allograft; heart allograft; immune tolerance; tolerance; immunological rejection”. The repetitive studies were excluded after screening, and the related literature was arranged and summarized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: On one hand, mesenchymal stem cells have different effects on a variety of immune cells. On the other hand, mesenchymal stem cells regulate or directly produce a large number of biological active factors so as to constitute a complex network, creating a microenvironment conducive to immune regulation. The application of mesenchymal stem cells in heart transplantation is limited to animal experiments, and the results are relatively optimistic. Researchers’ exploration of induction of immune tolerance in heart transplantation will help people to understand the field further and provide more inspiration to relevant clinicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells possess strong immunomodulatory capacity, mainly involved in the proliferation, differentiation and functional status of immune cells, and the secretion of inflammatory factors. The immunomodulatory capacity of mesenchymal stem cells is regulated by inflammatory factors. As the type and level of inflammatory factors in the microenvironment change, the immune regulation function of mesenchymal stem cells also changes. OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of inflammatory factor intervention in the immune regulation of mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: A computer-based retrieval of PubMed, Elsevier and CNKI databases was performed. The keywords were “mesenchymal stem cells, immune regulation, plasticity, interferon gamma, transforming growth factor beta, interleukin-17, interleukin-35, prostaglandins E2” in Chinese and English, respectively. The articles concerning the effects of inflammatory factor intervention on the immune regulation of mesenchymal stem cells were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After intervention and pre-treatment of interferon-γ, transforming growth factor-β, interleukin-17, interleukin-35 and prostaglandin E2, the biological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells have also changed. The interventions cannot only reshape the tissue microenvironment and affect the inflammatory response, but also reconstruct the immune balance, which further treats or alleviates the disease progression. Reasonable individualized and differentiated treatments will be performed at different disease stages according to inflammatory and immunological reaction of the disease. All of them are expected to further improve the therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells on immuno-inflammatory diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells have been used in the treatment of various diseases due to their advantages, and mitochondrial transfer is an important mechanism of mesenchymal stem cell therapy. OBJECTIVE: To review the role of mesenchymal stem cells via mitochondrial transfer in various tissue injuries. METHODS: The key words were “stem cells, mitochondrial transfer, cell communication, rescue and repair, tissue injury” in English and Chinese, respectively. PubMed, CNKI and WanFang databases were retrieved for the articles published from 2008 to 2019. The articles concerning the mitochondrial transfer function and mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells and the treatment of tissue injury were collected. After removal of the repetitive and irrelevant articles, 64 eligible articles were further analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Mesenchymal stem cells have been used in stroke, myocardial infarction, and acute renal failure. Mitochondrial transfer has been widely recognized as a new mechanism of stem cell therapy and has been considered as a potential therapy for tissue injuries. Mitochondrial transfer has been found to be mediated by different modes, including tunnel tube formation, gap junctions, microvesicles, cell fusion and transfer of isolated mitochondria. However, specific mechanisms of mitochondrial transfer in tissue injury have not been fully elucidated and its specific role in tissue repair also needs further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Allogeneic organ transplantation is one of the most effective therapies to treat end-stage organ failure. However, it is an important problem to effectively overcome the transplantation reaction and induce the immune tolerance of transplantation. The current use of immunosuppressant drugs in clinical practice still has some problems such as limited effect on reducing chronic rejection and high toxicity, and causing chronic infection and tumor. In recent years, the immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells have attracted attention in immune tolerance after organ transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To review the immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells and their research progress in organ transplantation. METHODS: CNKI and PubMed databases were retrieved by using computer to search relevant articles about immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells and their application in organ transplantation. The key words were “mesenchymal stem cells; immune regulation; organ transplantation; rejection reaction; immune tolerance” in Chinese and English, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Mesenchymal stem cells isolated from bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord, amniotic membrane and other tissues not only have self-replication and multidirectional differentiation potentials, but also have low immunogenicity and conspicuous immunomodulatory properties. Mesenchymal stem cells can inhibit the proliferation and activation of T cells and B cells, and inhibit the proliferation, cytotoxic effect and cytokine secretion of NK cells. Immune tolerance is induced by mesenchymal stem cells through regulating the function and activity of dendritic cells and macrophages. The basic and clinical researches have shown good long-term therapeutic effects and promising application prospect on the anti-rejection response to kidney, liver, heart and skin transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shandong Medical Journal is the property of Shandong Medical Health Newspapers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSCs-released exosomes are expected to become a new means for osteoarthritis, the concrete molecular mechanisms remain unclear yet. OBJECTIVE: To understand the effect and mechanism of exosomes in the MSC treatment of osteoarthritis based on the main pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and characteristics of MSCs. METHODS: Domestic and foreign articles concerning MSCs and MSCs-released exosomes for the osteoarthritis treatment published from 2006 to 2016 were retrieved and analyzed. The keywords used were “exosomes, mesenchymal stem cells, osteoarthritis” in Chinese and English, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Osteoarthritis is a refractory disease associated with age and strain, and MSCs therapy has been obtained a good effect. Cartilage differentiation, microenvironment improvement, paracrine and exosomes mechanism of MSCs have also been reported. Exosomes play an important role in mediating intercellular signal transduction and biological responses by transferring a variety of biologically active proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and other molecules. The changes are not only related to the osteoarthritis pathogenesis, but also involved in MSCs induced regeneration and repair of bone and joint tissues. Exosomes secreted by MSCs can improve bone and joint tissue regeneration through membrane exchange and transport of active molecules. This will provide a new insight into the osteoarthritis treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shandong Medical Journal is the property of Shandong Medical Health Newspapers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Compared with traditional biological materials, self-assembling peptide RADA16 has gained much attention in biomedical fields such as three-dimensional cell culture, tissue repair, hemostasis and drug/protein release for its high water content, structural stability, good biocompatibility and nontoxic degradation products. OBJECTIVE: To review the basic structure and properties of self-assembling peptide RADA16 and the latest progress in biomedical research. METHODS: CNKI, Medline and PubMed databases were retrieved by using computer to search relevant articles about self-assembling peptide RADA16 published from 2005 to 2017. The key words were “self-assembling peptide hydrogel; RADA16; scaffold; tissue repair; hemostasis; drug/protein release” in Chinese and English, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Self-assembling peptide molecules can spontaneously form unique β-strand structures and self-assembly into nanofibers under physiological media or salt solution. As a new scaffold material for tissue engineering, it not only solves the problem of incompatibility between cells and material interface, but also has the advantages of simulating the extracellular matrix effectively, enhancing cell biological activity and maintaining three-dimensional environment. The self-assembling peptide RADA16 and its derivatives not only show good prospects for development and application in three-dimensional cell culture, tissue repair, hemostasis, and drug/protein release, but also face many challenges, such as how to integrate the self-assembling peptide with bio-macromolecular material, and how to control the damage to a target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies is the property of Editorial Department of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)