The cultivation and utilization of forest resources, profit distribution, and sustainable development of forestry all contribute to clarifying the forest ownership and establishing a reasonable and effective forest right system. Anhui Province, with its vast territory and complex terrain, had a relatively low forest coverage rate before 1949. To improve the ecological environment and promote the sustainable development of forestry resources, various regions in Anhui started large-scale afforestation and forest nursery activities during the land reform period after the founding of New China. They undertook reforms to establish a forest tenure system, allocating forests to households and granting forest farmers ownership, usage rights, income rights, and disposal rights over the forests and timber. Though the issue of forest rights was extremely complex and involved a wide range of considerations, leading to continuous contradictions and disputes, under the correct leadership of the provincial party committee and various levels of party organizations, Anhui relied on the masses and adopted various effective measures to mediate forest disputes, clarify forest ownership, and form a diverse forestry system comprising state-owned forests, rural collectively-owned forests, and individual private forests owned by farmers. These efforts aimed to facilitate the recovery and development of forestry production, promote effective forestry management, and foster unity and mutual assistance among the people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]