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Objective: To establish a reliable, stable and clinically realistic model of blunt contusion injury to the rat skeletal muscle. Method: A model of the rat gastrocnemius muscle blunt contusion injury was established by using a weight of 170g, a height of 70cm and a spring with a diameter of 0.5cm at the bottom to buffer the polymeric striking part and guide the fall to hit for 5 consecutive times. The gait changes of rats were evaluated by CatWalk analysis system at 0h, 12h, 24h, 3 days, 7 days and 14 days after modeling；local histopathological changes were observed by HE staining and local ultrastructural changes were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the changes of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in local tissues. Result: Compared with the blank group, the mean speed and maximum speed change rate of the model group were significantly decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001)； compared with the normal foot group, the maximum contact area, footprint area and standing phase duration of the limb of the injured limb group were significantly decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). A large infiltration of inflammatory cells and massive lysis necrosis of muscle fibers were observed on HE staining after 3 days. By 14 days, although scar tissue was still present, tissue repair with HE staining was almost indistinguishable from that of the blank group. Vacuolation was observed in part of the sarcoplasmic reticulum at 0h after the blow, and lysis of muscle fibers and part of the sarcoplasmic reticulum at 3 days with increased inflammatory response which basically returned to normal by 14 days. The TNF-α level began to rise gradually and reached a peak from 0h to 12h after injury, and remained higher level from 12h to 72h, and the difference was statistically significant compared with the blank group (P<0.05), and basically returned to the normal level by 14 days. Conclusion: The model can cause moderate damage of skeletal muscle in rats, with a 14-day natural recovery time at least. It can provide as one of the methods for for the establishment of the rat skeletal muscle blunt contusion model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that tuina can promote the repair of skeletal muscle injuries, but the specific mechanism is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of point-pressing of the spleen meridian on inflammation and calcium homeostasis in skeletal muscle repair in rats with acute blunt contusion injuries. METHODS: Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, non-acupoint percussion group, and acupoint percussion group. Except for the blank group, animal models of acute gastrocnemius blunt contusion were established in the other three groups. In the nonacupoint pressing group, the intersection point of the same horizontal line of Yinlingquan acupoint (SP 9) and the midline of the gallbladder and bladder meridians was taken for percussion. In the acupoint pressing group, percussion was performed at the Yinlingquan acupoint. Point-pressing in the two groups was done once a day, for 7 consecutive days. Catwalk small animal gait analysis system was used to observe locomotor activity of rats. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to observe the skeletal muscle morphology changes. ELISA method was used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors and the activity of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ATPase (SERCA). Calcium concentration in the skeletal muscle was measured using the calcium assay. The level of apoptosis in the skeletal muscle was detected by TUNEL method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the model and non-acupoint pressing groups, the average support phase was significantly increased in the acupoint pressing group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Aggregation of inflammatory cells and red blood cells was reduced in the acupoint percussion group, and skeletal muscle repair was also better in the acupoint percussion group than the non-acupoint pressing group. Compared with the model group, the levels of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-6 were significantly decreased in the acupoint pressing group (P < 0.01), and the SERCA activity was significantly increased (P < 0.01). Compared with the non-acupoint pressing group, the level of tumor necrosis factor α was significantly decreased (P < 0.01), the level of interleukin-6 changed insignificantly (P > 0.05), and the activity of SERCA was significantly increased in the acupoint pressing group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model and non-acupoint pressing groups, the concentration of Ca2+ was significantly decreased in the acupoint pressing group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the apoptotic rate was significantly reduced in the two point-pressing groups (P < 0.01). The apoptotic rate in the acupoint percussion group was significantly lower than that in the non-acupoint pressing group (P < 0.05). To conclude, percussion of the spleen meridian can effectively improve the motor function of rats with skeletal muscle injury and promote skeletal muscle repair. Its mechanism may be related to reducing inflammatory factors, promoting calcium pump function, maintaining calcium homeostasis, and thereby reducing cell apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Systems Engineering & Electronics is the property of Journal of Systems Engineering & Electronics Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)