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采用磁控溅射技术制备了Al:WS2薄膜。为考查不同气氛热冲击下Al:WS2薄膜摩擦学性能的响应机理，采用自行研制的温度交变真空摩擦试验机开展了真空、氮气及氧气气氛的–100～+250℃的热冲击试验，并对热冲击后Al:WS2薄膜结构、成分以及摩擦学性能进行了研究。研究发现，热冲击后，Al:WS2薄膜柱状晶长大，S含量减少，部分WS2被氧化为WO3，薄膜硬度增加。经氮气热冲击后，薄膜的（002）衍射峰强度明显增强，使得摩擦系数降低。经真空热冲击后，在薄膜表面形成的WO3起到磨粒磨损作用，减少了薄膜寿命；经氧气热冲击后，Al:WS2薄膜中大量起润滑作用的WS2被氧化为WO3，薄膜的寿命显著缩短。

水冰作为月球的重要资源，是未来月球科研站以及月球基地建设和运行的基本保障，开展月球水冰资源综合开发技术研究是目前各航天大国的关注热点之一。本文调研了有关月球水冰的探测和研究成果，阐述了月球水冰的赋存状态与分布特征，详细分析了月球水冰资源在开采提取、分离纯化、储存运输和分解利用等环节的技术方案，并简要评述了各个方案的优缺点。结合中国未来国际月球科研站的建设规划与美国以建立月球基地为目标的阿尔忒弥斯（Artemis）计划，评价分析了适宜开展月球水冰资源综合开发的地区和可行的技术方案，为中国在月球两极地区的水冰资源开发利用方案提供参考。

Objective To design a water conservation system for reasonable use of water resources and reducing water costs in the Central Sterile Supply Department. Methods To conduct the quality analysis of concentrated water initially. Once recovery requirements are met, the water pipes were modified to recover the concentrated water for storage, and the booster pump was used to pipeline the concentrated water to the water consuming point. The secondary purified water which conductivity ≤5μS/cm(25℃) was used for steam sterilization. The condensate water produced after the completion of pressure steam sterilization was cooled and recycled through a condenser and stored in a condensate storage tank, and then it was used for instrument cleaning, washing, rinsing and as raw water for secondary reverse osmosis after disinfection and sterilization procedure. The quality of concentrated and condensate water was monitored regularly, and were recovered firstly in the process of instrument rinsing and washing, and continuous monitoring of cleaning and sterilization quality was carried out. Results After the improvement of the water system, it was able to recycle 533 tons of condensate and more than 8, 800 tons of concentrated water per year. Conclusion The water conservation system could guarantee the quality of instrument cleaning, disinfection and sterilization, and also reduce the cost of water. (目的 设计节水型消毒供应中心用水系统, 以实现水资源合理利用并降低用水成本。方法 对反渗透制水机浓水水质化验分析, 达到回收要求后, 对管路进行改造, 将浓水回收储存, 并使用增压泵将浓水通过管道送到用水点; 压力蒸汽灭菌蒸汽供给水使用电导率≤5μS/cm(25℃)二级纯化水, 在压力蒸汽灭菌完成后产生的冷凝水, 通过冷凝器进行冷却回收存放于冷凝水储罐中, 经消毒杀菌处理后用于器械冲洗、洗涤、漂洗以及作为二级反渗透原水使用; 对回收的浓水及压力蒸汽灭菌器冷凝水水质定期监测, 在水质电导率指标监测合格情况下, 在常规器械冲洗、洗涤环节优先回收浓水及灭菌器冷凝水, 并对器械清洗质量和灭菌质量连续监测。结果 节水型消毒供应中心用水系统改进后, 医院每年能够回收利用冷凝水533吨、浓水8800余吨。结论 节水型消毒供应中心用水系统的设计既能保障器械清洗消毒灭菌质量, 又能降低用水成本。)

为探究菜籽油中是否存在内源性香兰素,对不同产地、加工工段、炒制温度的油菜籽及菜籽油中香兰素、甲基香兰素和乙基香兰素进行了检测。结果表明：所有样本中均未检出甲基香兰素和乙基香兰素；不同产地油菜籽中香兰素含量差异较大，含量范围为123.55～1 669.25 μg/kg；加工过程中，炒制油菜籽中香兰素含量较炒制前大幅增加，且其压榨菜籽饼中的香兰素含量高于压榨菜籽原油中的；随着炒制温度的上升，炒制油菜籽、压榨菜籽原油、压榨菜籽饼中香兰素含量增加，含量范围为189.93～5 080.00 μg/kg。综上，油菜籽中存在内源性香兰素，不能将菜籽油及其调和油中检测出香兰素作为判定添加了外来香兰素的标准。In order to explore the presence of endogenous vanillin in rapeseed oil, vanillin, methyl vanillin and ethyl vanillin in rapeseed and rapeseed oil from different origins, processing sections and roasting temperatures were detected. The results showed that methyl vanillin and ethyl vanillin were not detected in all samples. The content of vanillin in rapeseed from different origins varied greatly, ranging from 123.55 μg/kg to 1 669.25 μg/kg. During processing, the content of vanillin in roasted rapeseed was higher than that before roasting, and the content of vanillin in pressed rapeseed cake was higher than that in the crude pressed rapeseed oil. With the increase of roasting temperature, the content of vanillin in roasted rapeseed, crude pressed rapeseed oil, and pressed rapeseed cake increased, ranging from 189.93 μg/kg to 5 080.00 μg/kg. In summary, there are endogenous vanillin in the rapeseed, and the detection of vanillin in rapeseed oil and its blended oil cannot be used as a criterion to determine the addition of exogenous vanillin.

Objective To investigate the effect of Six Sigma projects in the management of operating room, and to provide effective reference for reducing infection in the operating room. Methods A total of 100 patients who received surgical treatment from January 2022 to December 2022 were selected into the experimental group, and Six Sigma Management was applied to the daily surgical management. Another 100 patients who received surgical treatment from January 2021 to December 2021 were selected and into the control group. The occurrence of surgical error, iatrogenic infection, massive hemorrhage during and after operation and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results The incidences of surgical error, iatrogenic infection, massive hemorrhage during and after operation in the study group were lower than those in the control group respectively(P＜0. 01). Satisfaction rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(P＜0. 01). Conclusion Application of Six Sigma projects could effectively reduce the risk of operation error, iatrogenic infection and massive bleeding during and after operation, improve patient satisfaction and the management efficiency in the operating room. (目的 评价分析在手术室管理工作中运用六西格玛管理观念的效果价值, 为减少手术室感染提供有效的参考依据。方法 选取医院手术室2022年1月—12月收治拟行手术治疗患者100例纳入研究组, 将六西格玛管理运用于手术室日常工作之中; 选取2021年1月—12月行手术治疗的患者100例, 设为对照组, 手术室日常工作中运用常规管理方式。对两组手术差错发生情况、医源性感染发生情况、术中及术后大出血发生情况以及患者满意度评分结果进行比较。结果 研究组手术差错、医源性感染、术中与术后大出血发生率均低于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01), 研究组满意率高于对照组(P＜0. 01)。结论 手术室管理中运用六西格玛管理方法, 能有效降低手术差错、医源性感染、术中及术后大出血发生风险, 提高患者满意度, 持续改善手术室管理工作效率。)

With the progress of aging, and the strategic needs of health China 2030, cultivation of nursing specialists and talents is facing challenges. Not only teachers in medical colleges, but also clinical nursing teaching staff should consider the purpose and methods of cultivating medical and nursing students. Nursing major is a practical discipline of caring patients, which requires all aspects of knowledge, skills, and quality. As a practical, dynamic, interactive, and collaborative teaching method, clinical scenario simulation training has an important impact on the training of nursing students' critical thinking, practical operation and discovery, and problem-solving ability. For better implementation of fundamental tasks of the strengthen moral education and cultivate people, and comprehensively improvement of cultivating quality, it is required to integrate curriculum ideological and political education into the clinical scenario simulation training, construct a teaching path to promote close combination teaching practice with ideological and political education. (随着老龄化的进展, 以及在“健康中国2030”背景下, 护理专业人才培养面临挑战。对于培养什么样的医学生及如何培养医学生, 不仅是医学院校, 也是临床教学医院所要思考的问题。护理专业是服务于患者的一门实践性学科, 需要知识、技能、素质全方面的培养。临床情景模拟教学作为一种具有实践性、动态性、交互性、协作性的教学方法, 对护生评判性思维、实践操作能力及发现、解决问题能力的培养有重要影响。为更好落实立德树人根本任务, 全面提高人才培养质量, 将课程思政融入护生临床情景模拟教学中, 构建课程思政教学路径, 以期促进实践教学与思想政治教育的紧密结合, 为开展临床实践课程思政教学提供理论参考。)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Crosslinked sodium hyaluronate gel has good mechanical property, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, and can be used as an isolated protective material in tumor radiation therapy to protect endangered organs from damage caused by excess radiation dose. OBJECTIVE : To investigate the safety and efficacy of crosslinked sodium hyaluronate gel in reducing the dose of radiation to dangerous organs during brachytherapy. METHODS: A total of 16 specific pathogen-free Kunming mice of the same age and similar body weight were selected as experimental subjects and divided into experimental group and control group by the random number table method, with 8 mice in each group. 125I seeds were implanted subcutaneously in the back of mice in the experimental group, and then crosslinked sodium hyaluronate gel was injected around the radioactive particles. Only 125I seeds were implanted subcutaneously in the back of mice in the control group. After injection, the distance between the radioactive particles and the epidermis was measured by spiral CT scan, and the surface radiation dose was measured by radiation dosimeter. Within 10 weeks after injection, the growth state, survival rate, skin radiation damage, and gel retention of mice were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Spiral CT scan showed that the implanted gel was relatively concentrated and created an effective distance between the radioactive seeds and the epidermis. The body surface radiation dose of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.01). (2) During the experimental observation period, mice in both groups survived; mice in the control group showed obvious irritability and other unstable behavior in the late experimental period, and some mice in the experimental group showed similar behavior. The daily food intake of mice in the two groups had no significant change, and the body mass showed the same increasing trend. After implantation of radioactive seeds, the two groups of mice showed different degrees of radioactive skin injury. From day 23 after injection to the end of the experiment, the skin radiation injury score of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group (P < 0.01). At week 10 after implantation, 6 mice in the experimental group had no obvious gel residue under their skin, and 2 mice had a very small amount of scattered gel-like samples under their skin. (3) Therefore, the crosslinked sodium hyaluronate injection technique can increase the space between the radioactive target area of 125I seeds and the organ at risk outside the target through physical space occupying, which can effectively reduce the dose of the organ at risk, and play a role in the isolation and protection of the organ at risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] This study aims to elucidate the impact of enclosure on the characteristics and diversity of typical plant communities in desert grasslands, to provide scientific evidence for the conservation of plant resources, biodiversity, and the sustainable utilization and management of grassland resources in Ningxia desert grasslands. [Methods] Four typical plant communities, including Artemisia scoparia, Stipa breviflora, Sophora alopecuroides, and Artemisia ordosica, widely distributing in the desert grasslands of Ningxia, were selected as research objects to investigate the impact of enclosure measures on the structure and functional characteristics of different plant communities. [Results] Enclosure did not alter the dominant status of key species in the four plant communities but changed their functional group composition and importance values. Enclosure increased the total number of species in the annual plant community (Artemisia scoparia) by 13.33% but decreased the total number of species in perennial plant communities (Stipa breviflora, Sophora alopecuroides, Artemisia ordosica) by 30%, 34.78%, and 40%, respectively. It reduced the number of perennial miscellaneous grass species in all four plant communities and increased the importance values of perennial miscellaneous grasses and perennial graminoids in perennial plant communities. Enclosure increased the height and aboveground biomass of the four plant communities and increased the canopy cover of Artemisia scoparia, Stipa breviflora, and Artemisia ordosica communities. Enclosure decreased the Margalef richness index of all four plant communities, the Shannon-Wiener and Simpson indices of perennial herbaceous plant communities (Stipa breviflora, Sophora alopecuroides), but increased the Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, and Pielou indices of the annual plant community. From the perspective of tne analysis on life form of key species in the communities, alpha diversity showed the order: perennial herbaceous＞subshrub＞annual herbaceous plant communities. Aboveground biomass was significantly positively correlated with canopy cover and height (p＜0.001), and significantly negatively correlated with the Margalef richness index (p＜0.001) and the Shannon-Wiener index (p＜0.05), [Conclusion] Enclosure can positively influence the canopy cover, height, and aboveground biomass of communities by altering the species composition of different plant communities. However, the sensitivity of diversity characteristics of different plant communities to enclosure measures varies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method for optimizing the control parameters of the sample point distribution state within the framework of the unscented transform (UT) for the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) was introduced. The issue of abnormal filtering performance arising from the state of sample point distributions was addressed by this method. A multi-strategy improved sparrow search algorithm( ISSA) was employed to finely tune the control parameters. The goal is to enhance the distribution of Sigma points, thereby improving the effectiveness of nonlinear approximations and ultimately enhancing the accuracy of filtering estimations. To address the shortcomings of traditional sparrow search algorithms, several refinements were implemented. Initially, a Cubic chaotic mapping was applied to diversify the initial population. Furthermore, during the exploration phase, a nonlinear adaptive convergence factor was introduced to balance the algorithm's capacity for global exploration and local exploitation. Additionally, a wavelet mutation strategy was integrated into the follower phase to prevent blind adherence to specific paths and mitigate the risk of becoming trapped in local optima. Lastly, an adaptive t-distribution perturbation capability was introduced to strengthen the algorithm's ability to perform wide-ranging global searches. The efficacy of the proposed ISSA was demonstrated through simulation experiments conducted on various test functions. The results consistently show that ISSA outperforms other methods in terms of convergence and solution accuracy. Furthermore, the benefits of ISSA are extended to the optimization of parameters within the UKF algorithm. Experimental outcomes indicate that the ISSA-UKF algorithm reduces the root mean square error (RMSE) of position by 52. 2% and the RMSE of velocity by 21. 9%, thus affirming the viability and effectiveness of the proposed enhancements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the types of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in the female population of Foshan, Guangdong. Methods A total of 21 752 samples from women undergoing health examinations or outpatient visits at Foshan Fosun Chancheng Hospital from 2019 to 2021 were analyzed. HPV genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) -reverse dot blot hybridization. HPV subtypes, patient age, and clinical diagnoses were recorded. Results The overall HPV infection rate among women in Foshan during 2019-2021 was 20.86%, with HPV 52, 58, 16, 51, 68, and 53 being the most prevalent subtypes. Single infections were predominant. Infection rates among health examination and outpatient populations were 14.68% and 23.47%, respectively. The annual HPV infection rates for 2019, 2020, and 2021 were 25.16%, 19.59%, and 18.51%, respectively. HPV infection showed a “U-shaped” distribution across age groups. Vaginitis and cervicitis were most common in women aged 25-36 years, with single infections caused by HPV 52, 16, 58, and 51 subtypes. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) was most prevalent in women aged 46-55 years, also with predominantly single infections. Conclusion HPV infection patterns in women from Foshan between 2019 and 2021 demonstrated significant age-related differences, with a decreasing trend in infection rates over the three years. HPV 52, 58, 16, 51, 68, and 53 were the most common subtypes, and single infections were predominant. Subtypes HPV 16, 18, 52, 53, and L6 were positively correlated with cervical diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nankai Business Review is the property of Nankai Business Review Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article analyzes key challenges in the traditional educational approach and underscores the need for reform through school-enterprise collaboration. Using the "Product Engineering" course at Beijing University of Chemical Technology as a case study, this new teaching model involves inviting industry experts to co-develop and deliver the course. The paper introduces the course's structure from three perspectives: curriculum design, teacher team development, and curriculum implementation. This innovative education model enhances students' comprehensive skills, improves educational quality, and boosts corporate innovation capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multi-section excavation of the ultra-deep shaft service tunnel in Gaoligong Mountain was used as the engineering background, and the optimization of the shaft bottom yard, underground logistics organization, and vertical shaft transportation system was conducted based on the results of SUMO microscopic traffic numerical simulation software. The research results showed that rail transport at the shaft bottom was replaced with non-rail transport, which increased the shaft7s mucking capacity to 1 000 m J/d, representing a 25% improvement. The layout of the shaft bottom yard, cross-sectional dimensions, and chamber configuration were optimized, which significantly enhanced transportation efficiency and reduced costs. Numerical simulation results of underground logistics organization showed that the average operating speed of muck transport vehicles was 74% of the maximum design speed. When the distance between the fece and the shaft bottom yard was increased to 500 m and a cross-passage was added, no traffic conflict points were observed; however, when the vehicle spacing was too close, there was a risk of congestion. The vertical shaft transportation system was upgraded by modifying the hoisting systems in both the main and secondary shafts. The hoisting equipment was selected, and safety verification was performed, with corresponding safety control measures proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cable vibration exhibits multi-mode characteristics. It is imperative to develop new measures for reducing vibration and design methods. Negative stiffness dampers have unique mechanical properties, which can efficiently dissipate vibration energy to achieve excellent vibration reduction effects. However, there is still a lack of optimization design methods to determine parameters reasonably. This study investigates the parameter optimization of negative stiffness dampers for multi-mode vibration of cables using theoretical analysis and numerical simulation methods. Nonlinear damping is taken into consideration. Firstly, dynamic equation of the controlled cable is derived, followed by an analysis of variation law of additional mode damping ratio under single mode to obtain the optimization process of damper parameters under multiple modes. Secondly, a numerical model of the controlled system is established. The proposed optimization design method for negative stiffness dampers is verified using a full-scale cable as an example, and the influence of nonlinear damping is analyzed. The research results indicate that the proposed vibration reduction optimization design method can easily determine the required optimization parameters for multi-mode vibration of cables. The optimized negative stiffness damper can effectively control the time history and frequency response of cables. Nonlinear damping can be utilized to achieve an economic design of dampers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aberrant expression of CMTM4 protein has been implicated in tumorigenesis, development, and prognosis; however, its precise role and underlying mechanism in cervical cancer remain elusive. We aimed to investigate the expression level of CMTM4 in cervical cancer and its regulatory effect and molecular mechanism on MDSCs differentiation and immune cell function. Firstly, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and Western blot analysis were employed to assess the expression level of CMTM4 in cervical cancer tumors and adjacent tissues. The results revealed a significant decrease in the expression level of CMTM4 in cervical cancer tissues compared to adjacent tissues (P<0.01). Differentiation of MDSCs in tumor samples from cervical cancer patients was assessed using flow cytometry, with CD45, CD11b, and Ly6G used as markers for M-MDSCs, and CD45, CD11b, and Ly6C used as markers for G-MDSCs. The percentage of M-MDSCs and G-MDSCs in the blood of cervical cancer patients was significantly higher than that observed in healthy volunteers (P<0.01). Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that high expression of CMTM4 increased the proportion of CD3+CD4+ T cells and CD3+CD8+ T cells in the blood of cervical cancer patients (P<0.01), while also promoting the activation ratio of Th1 and Th17 cells (P<0.05). Conversely, it inhibited the activation ratio of Th2 and Treg cells (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The percentage of CD8+PD-1+ T cells and CD8+PD-L1+ T cells within tumor tissues was determined by flow cytometry analysis which showed that high expression levels of CMTM4 suppressed their presence within tumor tissues (P <0.05). The in vitro studies demonstrated that overexpression of CMTM4 in HeLa cells significantly suppressed the generation of MDSCs (P <0.01), while overexpression of PD-1 in HeLa cells further enhanced the generation of MDSCs (P <0.05). Additionally, ELISA was employed to measure the levels of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cytokines. It was observed that CMTM4 overexpression in HeLa cells reduced IL-10 secretion by T cells (P<0.01), but increased IFN-γ and TNF-α secretion (P<0.01), both of which were reversed by PD-1 overexpression (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In conclusion, low expression of CMTM4 in cervical cancer leads to abnormal differentiation of MDSCs and immune escape of tumors. CMTM4 influences the activation of tumor T cells by regulating the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. Thus, CMTM4 may be a potential target for the treatment of cervical cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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国境口岸截获象牙的地理溯源是识别非法象牙来源地,确定走私热点地区,描绘走私通道,有针对性地打击象牙非法贸易的重要前提。利用线粒体DNA单倍型溯源的方法,对我国的126份国境口岸截获象牙样本进行地理溯源。从126份样本中共得出22个地理单倍型,为2个支系和7个进化枝。通过Loxodonta Localizer 数据库比对分析,109份样本确定了地理来源,进而推断出3个来源地:中非刚果盆地的Tridom跨境生态保护区,东非的肯尼亚、坦桑尼亚和乌干达等国及非洲南部的KAZA跨境保护区。这3块地区也是目前国际公认的象牙盗猎最为严重的热点地区。将溯源结果与跨国犯罪组织的象牙偷猎、贩运和走私网络结合分析,将为海关缉私部门打击国际象牙走私链条提供有效的信息和关注重点。

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