Objective: To investigate the relationship between the expression of HtrA2 gene and Set gene in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the efficacy and prognosis. Methods: The clinical data 90 newly diagnosed patients with AML complete medical records treated in our hospital from June 2017 to June 2019 were selected as the subjects of this study, taken as AMI group. 90 healthy volunteers in our hospital were taken as the control group at the same time. The expression of HtrA2 gene and Set gene in peripheral blood of the two groups were detected. The relationship between the expression of HtrA2 gene and Set gene and age, gender, white blood cell count, prognosis classification of NCCN and efficacy. Results: The expression level of HtrA2 gene in AML group was lower than that in control group, while the expression level of set gene in AML group was higher than that in control group (P<0.05). There were no significant correlation between the expression of HtrA2 gene and age, gender, and white blood cell count (P>0.05);There were no significant correlation between the expression of Set gene and age, gender (P>0.05), while it was related to white blood cell count (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in expression of HtrA2 gene in different prognostic groups of NCCN (P>0.05). The expression of Set gene in different prognostic groups of NCCN was significantly different (P<0.05). There were significant difference in the expression of HtrA2 gene and Set gene in patients with different efficacy (P<0.05). Conclusion: In patients with AML, HtrA2 gene expression is decreased, and Set gene expression is increased. Set gene and HtrA2 gene have the potential to evaluate the curative effect of AML. Set gene can help to evaluate the prognosis of AML patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]