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Purpose This study investigates the fairness preference of five-year-old children in Shanghai, observing their distributive behaviors in both stakeholder and spectator games and showing how this behavior is linked to their family background. Design/Approach/Methods Participants had to make distributive choices in two experiments and distribute between themselves and another participant in the first choice. They had to distribute between two other participants in luck, merit, or efficiency situations in the second choice. Findings The results suggest that preschoolers showed a preference for splitting equally between themselves and another participant. The second choice showed a significant difference in fairness preference under a situation of luck between genders, and only children were more likely to accept an unequal allocation than those who had siblings. Originality/Value We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because it illustrates the variety of factors that can influence a child's fairness preference and fairness behavior and suggests when and how these aspects develop in children. Further, this is an original study exploring the fairness preference of preschoolers in Shanghai using an experimental economics method.

Copyright of Journal of Soil & Water Conservation (1009-2242) is the property of Institute of Soil & Water Conservation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shandong Medical Journal is the property of Shandong Medical Health Newspapers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of National University of Defense Technology / Guofang Keji Daxue Xuebao is the property of NUDT Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objectives] After being infected by pathogens or pests, citrus leaves can lead to abnormal growth and development, reduced yield, and even death of citrus trees. Early detection of citrus leaf diseases and pests can effectively allow for preventive measures to reduce losses [Methods] In the actual detection process, the YOLOv5s model had problems such as inaccurate positioning and complex background. Inspired by the VAN(visual attention network)model, the LKA(large kernel attention)module was introduced to improve the YOLOv5s model. The improved YOLOv5s model could achieve centralized attention and fine extraction of image information; replacing conventional up sampling methods with CARAFE lightweight operators could improve feature reconstruction quality, solve scale mismatch problems, and enhance detection performance; using the FReLU activation function could capture more key features of citrus pests and diseases, improving detection accuracy. In addition, a dataset of citrus leaves containing anthracnose, ulcer disease, and infestation by leaf miner pests was constructed for experimentation. [Results] The improved model YOLOv5-LC showed the detection results of citrus pests and diseases as follows: the average detection accuracy mAP50 reached 94.5% and mAP50:95 was 84.3%, which were 2.0% and 4.4% higher than the original model, and the model size was only 7.3 MB, with 93.8% accuracy and 84.5% recall, and the number of floating-point operations was only 18.5 G. [Conclusions] The improved model YOLOv5-LC could more accurately detect citrus pests and diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effect of galangin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS )-induced autophagy and apoptosis of rat articular chondrocytes by regulating the silent information regulator 1（SIRT1 )/adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK )/mammalian target of rapamycin (m TOR ) signaling pathway. Methods Rat articular chondrocytes were grouped into control group, model group (1.0μg·m L-1 LPS),low concentration galangin group (1.0μg·m L-1 LPS+10μmol·L-1 galangin),medium concentration galangin group (1.0μg·m L-1 LPS+20μmol·L-1 galangin),high concentration galangin group (1.0μg·m L-1 LPS+40μmol·L-1 galangin),high concentration galangin+EX527 (SIRT1 inhibitor ) group (1.0μg·m L-1 LPS+40μmol·L-1 galangin+40μmol·L-1 EX527).Apoptosis of articular chondrocyte was detected by flow cytometry. Monodan sylcadaverine（MDC ) staining was applied to observe autophagy of articular chondrocytes. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was applied to detect the levels of interleukin (IL )-1β,tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α ),and IL-6 in cells. Western Blot was applied to detect the expression of Beclin, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3 )Ⅱ/Ⅰ，B lymphoblastoma-2-associated X protein (Bax ),B lymphoblastoma-2 (Bcl-2 ),SIRT1,AMPK,phosphorylated (p )-AMPK, m TOR, and p-m TOR. Results Compared with the control group, the proportion of MDC positive cells, protein expression of Beclin,LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ，Bcl-2 and SIRT1,as well as p-AMPK/AMPK ratio in the model group decreased (P＜0.05 ),while the apoptosis rate, levels of IL-1β,TNF-α and IL-6,Bax protein expression, and p-m TOR/m TOR ratio increased (P＜0.05 ).Compared with the model group, the proportion of MDC positive cells, protein expression of Beclin,LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ，Bcl-2 and SIRT1,as well as p-AMPK/AMPK ratio in the low-,medium-,and high-concentration galangin groups all increased (P＜0.05 ),but the apoptosis rate, levels of IL-1β,TNF-α and IL-6,Bax protein expression, and p-m TOR/m TOR ratio decreased（P＜0.05 ).Compared with the high concentration galangin group, the proportion of MDC positive cells, protein expression of Beclin,LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ，Bcl-2 and SIRT1,and p-AMPK/AMPK ratio in the high concentration galangin+EX527 group reduced obviously (P＜0.05 ),while the apoptosis rate, levels of IL-1β,TNF-α and IL-6,Bax protein expression, and p-m TOR/m TOR ratio increased obviously (P＜0.05 ).Conclusion Galangin promotes LPS-induced autophagy and inhibits apoptosis in articular chondrocytes, possibly by activating the SIRT1/AMPK/m TOR signaling pathway to exert its effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the effect of Polydopamine (PDA) compound coating on the bonding strength of zirconia and self - bonding resin cement 3M ESPE Rely X™ U200 and the change of bonding strength after aging test. Methods Zirconia specimens were treated with three different surface treatments: "sandblasting," "sandblasting + silanization," and "sandblasting + PDA composite coating." These treated zirconia specimens were then bonded to resin blocks using 3M U200. The samples were divided into three groups for immediate shear bond strength testing, thermocycling aging, and pH cycling aging followed by shear bond strength testing. Statistical analysis was performed on the bonding strength data of each group. Results The "sandblasting + silanization" group showed the highest bonding strength between zirconia and resin, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) The "sandblasting + PDA composite coating" group had slightly higher bonding strength than the "sandblasting" group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05) After aging tests, all surface treatment groups experienced a significant reduction in bonding strength (P < 0.05) The "sandblasting + PDA composite coating" group exhibited the greatest decrease in bonding strength, which was statistically significant (P < 0.05) The decrease in bonding strength for the " sandblasting + silanization" group was slightly higher than that of the "sandblasting" group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05) Conclusion The PDA composite coating did not effectively enhance the bonding strength between zirconia and resin cement. Its bonding strength and stability after aging were inferior to those of the silanization coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Mine Automation is the property of Industry & Mine Automation Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

AIM: To investigate the effect of triptolide （TPL） on bleomycin （BLM）-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice and to demonstrate the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis involved in the TPL-derived improvement of pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS: Specific pathogen-free（ SPF） mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, model group （BLM treatment） and experimental group （BLM+TPL treatment）, with 10 mice in each group. At Day 0, the model mice and the experimental mice were intratracheally perfused with BLM （50 μL, 5 mg/kg）, while the control mice were perfused with saline buffer. From Day 1, the mice in experimental group were administrated orally with TPL suspension （200 μL, 0. 25 mg/kg）, once per 3 d with continuous 7 times. The mice in control group and model group received the same volume of saline. The pulmonary fibrosis and cell apoptosis in lung tissues were detected using Masson staining and TUNEL staining, respectively. Furthermore, cell viability and apoptosis in vitro were examined by CCK8 assay and flow cytometry as well as live/dead cell staining. Cellular lipid peroxidation was detected by immunofluorescence. Finally, Western blot was performed to detect the expression of target proteins in lung tissues and cells. RESULTS: Treatment with TPL significantly reduced the fibrosis in lung tissues of BLM-induced mice （P<0. 01） via down-regulation of collagen type I（ Col I） and α-smooth muscle actin（ α-SMA） expression（ P<0. 05）. Simultaneously, TPL treatment significantly increased the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4（ GPX4） and ferroptosis suppressor protein 1（ FSP1） and reduced transferrin receptor 1 （TfR1） expression （P<0. 05）, thus inhibiting BLM-induced ferroptosis and reducing the apoptosis （P< 0. 01）. Clearly, TPL treatment inhibited BLM-induced apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells（ P<0. 01）. Further studies indicated that TPL treatment not only attenuated cellular lipid peroxidation （P<0. 01）, but also improved the expression of GPX4 and FSP1 （P<0. 01） and down-regulated TfR1 expression （P<0. 05） in BLM-induced alveolar epithelial cells in vitro, contributing to the reduction of BLM-induced apoptosis by inhibiting ferroptosis. CONCLUSION: Triptolide could inhibit BLM-induced ferroptosis and improve the viability of pulmonary cells, thereby attenuating the degree of pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Together, these data provide theoretical support for the clinical application of TPL in the treatment of pulmonary interstitial diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Basic & Clinical Medicine is the property of Editorial Office of Basic & Clinical Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To explore the effects of sevoflurane inhalation maintenance general anesthesia combine with dexmedetomidine on recovery quality, inflammatory mediators and serum neuronspecific enolase (NSE), S-100 β protein in elderly patients with humeral fractures. Methods: 60 elderly patients with humeral fractures who were admitted to Shanghai First People’s Hospital from January 2020 to November 2022 were selected, and they were divided into control group (inhalation of sevoflurane maintenance general anesthesia, n=30) and study group (n=30, combined with dexmedetomidine for anesthesia maintenance on the basis of control group) according to random number table method. The recovery quality, analgesia situation, inflammatory mediators, cognitive function, serum NSE, S-100β protein levels and the incidence of adverse reaction were compared between two groups. Results: Compared with control group, study group had shorter extubation time, recovery time, and resuscitation room stay time (P＜0.05). Compared with control group,study group had lower pain visual analogue scale (VAS) scores 6 h after surgery, 12 h after surgery, and 24 h after surgery (P＜0.05).Compared with control group, study group had lower tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) 1 d after surgery (P＜0.05). Compared with control group, study group had higher mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores 1 d after surgery, while had lower NSE and S-100β (P＜0.05). There was no difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion: Sevoflurane inhalation maintenance general anesthesia combine with dexmedetomidine in the treatment in elderly patients with humeral fractures, which has a good analgesic effect, can reduce inflammatory stimulation, reduce cognitive function impairment, reduce the NSE, S-100β protein levels, and improve recovery quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Isotopes is the property of Journal of Isotopes Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chemical Engineering (China) / Huaxue Gongcheng is the property of Hualu Engineering Science & Technology Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology. Social Sciences Edition / Haerbin Gongye Daxue Xuebao. Shehui Kexue Ban is the property of Harbin Institute of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The corrosion of a new type of porous non-metallic barrier explosion-proof material based on polypropylene (PP) and its influence on the properties of methanol gasoline oil were investigated after immersion in M45 methanol gasoline for a period of time. The material was sealed and soaked in M45 methanol gasoline by immersion method, then keep the material in constant temperature water bath at 70 ℃ for 16 weeks. The weight loss of the material was investigated by weighing regularly, the acid value and octane number of M45 methanol gasoline before and after the test were tested and analyzed by GC-MS, and the important parameters such as gum and induction period were determined to evaluate the influence of materials on the quality of oil. The results showed that the polypropylene barrier explosion-proof material has limited swelling in M45 methanol gasoline and slightly corroded after absorbing gasoline; The acid value and color of M45 methanol gasoline changed significantly, however the induction period, gum and mechanical impurities changed little. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industrial Minerals & Processing / Huagong Kuangwu yu Jiagong is the property of Industrial Minerals & Processing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences is the property of Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agronomica Sinica is the property of Crop Science Society of China and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To compare the silencing efficiency of different virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) systems in cotton. [Method] In this study, the kanamycin-resistant gene nptⅡ driven by the 35S promoter was used as the target gene. The RNA virus vector TRV and the DNA virus vector CLCrV were used to construct a gene silencing vector to study the gene silencing efficiency of these two sets of VIGS systems in cotton And the duration of silence. [Results] The TRV system has higher silencing efficiency than the CLCrV system, and the TRV system has a shorter silence duration than the CLCrV system. The CLCrV system can play a silent role in the reproductive organs such as cotton buds, flowers, and anthers. [Conclusion] The TRV virus silencing system is mainly suitable for short-term cotton endogenous gene silencing, and the CLCrV virus silencing system is suitable for studying the gene functions related to reproductive growth in the late stage of cotton growth and development. This study provides a reference for selecting a suitable VIGS system for cotton, which is of great significance to the study of cotton gene function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Guangxi Normal University - Natural Science Edition is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Changzhou University (Social Science Edition) is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Changzhou University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nonferrous Metals (Mining Section) is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Guangxi Normal University - Natural Science Edition is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chemical Engineering of Oil & Gas / Shi You Yu Tian Ran Qi Hua Gong is the property of PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To explore the therapeutic effect of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine on membranous nephropathy and to study its mechanism. Methods: 98 patients with membranous nephropathy who were treated in our hospital from December 2015 to December 2019 were selected, and they were divided into study group and control group (49 patients in each group) according to the random number table method. The control group received conventional Western medicine treatment, and the study group were treated with traditional Chinese medicine on the basis of the control group. Compare the treatment effectiveness of the two groups, measure and compare IgA, IgG, IgM, UAER, Alb, BUN, Scr and other indicators before and after treatment, and compare the safety. Results: (1) The treatment efficiency of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group (95.92 % vs. 81.63 %, P<0.05). (2) The levels of IgA, IgG, and IgM in the two groups before treatment were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The above indicators in the study group were better than those in the control group after intervention (P<0.05). (3) The levels of UAER, Alb, BUN and Scr in the two groups before treatment were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The above indicators in the study group were better than those in the control group after treatment (P<0.05). (4) The incidence of adverse reactions in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The integrated Chinese and western medicine therapy has a good therapeutic effect on membranous nephropathy, which can significantly improve the immune function and liver and kidney function of patients, and can also reduce the incidence of adverse reactions during treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shandong Medical Journal is the property of Shandong Medical Health Newspapers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Kunming Medical University / Kunming Yike Daxue Xuebao is the property of Kunming Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice is the property of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice (Editorial Board, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nonferrous Metals (Mining Section) is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)