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The senile patients with lung cancer are more likely to be complicated with pneumonia, atelectasis and even respiratory failure after operation. The perioperative airway management is closely related to the postoperative pulmonary complications, and high-quality airway management helps to improve the recovery of postoperative pulmonary function and quality of life. This article reviews the contents and progress of airway management in elderly patients with lung cancer in recent years, in order to provide reference for clinical medical workers to carry out airway management in perioperative period. (老年肺癌患者术后易发生肺炎、肺不张甚至呼吸衰竭等并发症。围手术期的呼吸道管理与术后肺部并发症的发生密切相关, 优质的呼吸道管理措施有助于提高患者生活质量, 改善患者术后肺功能。本研究对近年来我国老年肺癌患者围手术期呼吸道管理的内容及进展进行了综述, 旨在为临床医务工作者开展老年肺癌患者围手术期呼吸道管理工作提供参考。)

Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome is a rare, fatal autoimmune disorder caused by mutations in the FOXP3 gene leading to the disruption of signaling pathways involved in regulatory T-lymphocyte function. This paper reviewed the clinical data of an IPEX child with respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms as main symptoms, and summarized treatment and nursing experience. During the treatment, comprehensive interventions such as airway management, individualized nutrition support, medication care, psychological care of primary caregivers, skin care and healthcare education were carried out to reduce the incidence of complications and improve the recovery of the patient. (X-连锁多内分泌腺病肠病伴免疫失调综合征(IPEX)在临床上极为罕见。本文回顾医院收治1例以免疫系统低下引起的呼吸系统症状以及消化系统症状为主的IPEX患儿的临床资料, 总结护理经验。治疗期间, 给予患儿呼吸道管理和个体化营养干预, 加强用药护理、主要照顾者心理护理、皮肤护理和健康教育, 降低并发症发生风险, 促进患儿康复。)

This paper summarized the perioperative nursing management for a patient with zygomatic implant placement assisted by a dynamic real-time navigation system. Key nursing issues should be taken into consideration included: preoperative psychological counseling and treatment of nasosinusitis; intraoperative airway management and nursing cooperation for using dynamic real-time navigation system; postoperative pain control, ice compress, oral care, prevention of complications of paranasal sinus, eyes, face and maxillary sinus, incision wound care, dietary guidance, health education about maintenance of false teeth. By implementing instant and temporary screw-retained dental prothesis within 24 hours, it could realize initial stability of implant and repair backward recovery of masticatory function. Besides, effective oral biological function can be rebuilt and there was no occurrence of complications. (本文总结1例动态实时导航引导下行解剖学为导向的穿颧种植(ZAGA)术患者围术期护理经验, 护理要点包括术前心理疏导, 指导患者积极治疗鼻窦炎; 术中呼吸道管理, 应用导航仪的护理; 术后疼痛、冰敷护理, 口腔护理, 鼻窦、眼部、面部、上颌窦并发症管理及切口观察, 饮食指导及义齿的使用和维护。种植体初期稳定性良好, 修复后咀嚼功能恢复, 获得有效的口腔生物功能重建, 无并发症发生。)

This paper summarized the nursing management for a patient with intracerebral hemorrhage due to ruptured cerebral arteriovenous malformation and neurogenic pulmonary edema. Based on the monitoring of postoperative vital signs of the patient, efforts were made in the following aspects: Early identification and intervention on normal perfusion pressure breakthrough syndrome; Ensuring the effective cerebral perfusion pressure during control of blood pressure and intracranial pressure; Early identification and nursing of neurogenic pulmonary edema; Enhancing the postoperative airway, fluid and volume management; Providing lung protective ventilation strategy; Carrying out awakenings and awareness recovery for the patient with chronic disorders of consciousness. (本文总结1例脑动静脉畸形破裂出血并发神经源性肺水肿患者的护理体会。术后在严密监测神志、瞳孔、生命体征变化基础上, 对正常灌注压突破综合征进行早期识别及干预, 在控制性降压及颅内压的同时保证有效的脑灌注压; 做好神经源性肺水肿的早期识别及护理, 在扩容的同时预防肺水肿进一步加重; 做好患者的呼吸道管理及容量管理, 给予正确的肺保护通气策略, 细化出入量; 对慢性意识障碍进行促醒康复, 促进患者早日康复。)

BACKGROUND: Patients with cervical spinal cord injury will have serious complications in the early stage, of which respiratory complications are the most common. Therefore, respiratory tract management is particularly important for the rehabilitation of patients with cervical spinal cord injury. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the neuroanatomical and pathological features of cervical spinal cord injury, and to summarize the multiple treatments of respiratory complications in patients with cervical spinal cord injury and the application of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in patients with cervical spinal cord injury in recent years. METHODS: By inputting the key words of "cervical spinal cord injury, pulmonary infection, respiratory tract management, antibiotics, nerve transfer, tracheotomy, mechanical ventilation, fiberoptic bronchoscope, pneumonia" in Chinese and "cervical spinal cord injury, fibrobronchoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage, tracheotomy, pneumonia" in English, we searched the CNKI, Wanfang, SinoMed, PubMed, and Web of Science for the related literature on the application of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in spinal cord injury in recent years. Through the preliminary screening of reading titles and abstracts, the articles with low relevance to the topic were excluded, and a total of 57 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) At present, the treatment strategies of respiratory complications in patients with cervical spinal cord injury include supine position and use of abdominal band, respiratory training, mechanically assisted cough, mechanical ventilation, tracheotomy, diaphragm pacemaker, nerve transfer technique, fibrobronchoscopic sputum suction and bronchoalveolar lavage, and antibiotics use. (2) At present, the positive effects of early tracheotomy, non-invasive ventilation and auxiliary cough on patients with high spinal cord injury have been gradually recognized by the academic circles, which can improve the respiratory function of patients, while posture, respiratory training, and auxiliary cough have been widely used in clinical practice and achieved satisfactory results. (3) In recent years, bronchofiberscope suction and bronchoalveolar lavage have been widely used in the treatment of patients with pulmonary infection, and have a good therapeutic effect. For patients with cervical spinal cord injury with respiratory complications, fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage can also improve dyspnea and pulmonary function, which may become a new direction of diagnosis and treatment of cervical spinal cord injury patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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目的 观察强化呼吸道管理在长期卧床伴坠积性肺炎患者中的应用效果. 方法 选取长期卧床伴坠积性肺炎患者60例,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各30例. 两组均给予抗生素及对症处理等常规治疗,观察组在此基础上给予强化呼吸道管理,包括心理疏导、雾化吸入、环境干预. 2周后观察两组的临床疗效、肺部罗音和胸片阴影消失时间,比较两组治疗前后动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)和血氧饱和度(SaO2). 结果 观察组显效13例,有效14 例,无效3例,有效率为90%;对照组分别为8、10、12例,有效率为60%;两组有效率比较P<0.05. 观察组与对照组肺部罗音消失时间分别为(2.69 ±0.87)、(6.73 ±2.21)d,胸片阴影消失时间分别为(3.25 ±1.07)、(7.29 ±2.39)d,两组肺部罗音与胸片阴影消失时间比较,P均<0.05. 观察组治疗后SaO2 和PaCO2 改善程度均明显优于对照组(P均<0.05). 结论 强化呼吸道管理用于长期卧床并坠积性肺炎患者效果确切,能明显减少肺部罗音、胸片阴影消失时间. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]