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Copyright of Advances in Earth Science (1001-8166) is the property of Advances in Earth Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The prolongation of patient's overall survival is the accepted as gold standard to prove clinical values of anti-cancer drugs. However, if overall survival is taken as the primary endpoint in clinical trials for cancer types with a relatively good prognosis in the process of new anti-cancer drug research and development, the time to market the drugs will be prolonged due to the long follow-up time. In addition, overall survival is often interfered by confounding factors such as follow-up treatment. Therefore, regulatory agencies have established an accelerated review model using surrogate endpoints for the approval of new anti? cancer drugs, but there are still some problems in the use of surrogate endpoints in cancer clinical trials. From the perspective of new drug review, the authors expounds the key points of confirming and rationally using surrogate endpoints in clinical trials of anti-cancer drugs, which will improve the level of clinical trials of new anti-cancer drugs and accelerate the development of anti-tumor drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer is the property of Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oncology is the property of Chinese Journal of Oncology / Zhonghua Zhongliu Zazhi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of intrathecal pemetrexed (IP) treated for patients with leptomeningeal metastases (LM) from solid tumors. Methods Forty-seven patients receiving pemetrexed intrathecal chemotherapy in the First Hospital of Jilin University from 2017 to 2018 were selected. The study of pemetrexed intrathecal chemotherapy adopted the classical dose-climbing model and included 13 patients with meningeal metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer who had relapsed and refractory after multiple previous treatments including intrathecal chemotherapy. Based on the dose climbing study, 34 patients with meningeal metastasis of solid tumor who did not receive intrathecal chemotherapy were enrolled in a clinical study using pemetrexed as the first-line intrathecal chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy. Kaplan-Meier method and Log rank test were used for survival analysis, and Cox regression model was used for influencing factor analysis. Results The dose climbing study showed that the maximum tolerated dose of pemetrexed intrathecal chemotherapy was 10 mg per single dose, and the recommended dosing regimen was 10 mg once or twice a week. The incidence of adverse reactions was 10 cases, including hematological adverse reactions (7 cases), transaminase elevation (2 cases), nerve root reactions (5 cases), fatigue and weight loss (1 case). The incidence of serious adverse reactions was 4, including grade 4-5 poor hematology (2 cases), grade 4 nerve root irritation (2 cases), and grade 4 elevated aminotransferase (1 case). In the dose climbing study, 4 patients were effectively treated and 7 were disease controlled. The survival time was ranged from 0.3 to 14.0 months and a median survival time was 3.8 months. The clinical study of pemetrexed intrathecal chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy showed that the treatment mode of 10 mg pemetrexed intrathecal chemotherapy once a week combined with synchronous involved area radiotherapy 40 Gy/4 weeks had a high safety and reactivity. The incidence of major adverse reactions was 52.9% (18/34), including hematologic adverse reactions (13 cases), transaminase elevation (10 cases), and nerve root reactions (4 cases). In study 2, the response rate was 67.6% (23/34), the disease control rate was 73.5% (25/34), the overall survival time was ranged from 0.3 to 16.6 months, the median survival time was 5.5 months, and the 1-year survival rate was 21.6%. Clinical response, improvement of neurological dysfunction, completion of concurrent therapy and subsequent systemic therapy were associated with the overall survival (all P<0.05). Conclusions Pemetrexed is suitable for the intrathecal chemotherapy with a high safety and efficacy. The recommended administration regimen was IP at 10 mg on the schedule of once or twice per week. Hematological toxicity is the main factor affecting the implementation of IP. Vitamin supplement can effectively control the occurrence of hematological toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfur is a widely used important chemical raw material, the quality of sulfurt is determined according to the indicators and test methods stipulated in GB/T 2449. 1-2014 Sulfur For Industrial Use - Part 1 :Solid Product and GB/T 2449. 2-2015 Sulfur For Industrial Use - Part 2 : Liquid Product. In view of the limitations of the existing methods such as the content of iron and arsenic in industrial sulphur standards, new methods for the determination of arsenic content, iron content, hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen polysulfide content by spectrometry has been established. The results showed that: method for the determination of arsenic content in sulfur by atomic fluorescence spectroscopy has a detection limit of 0. 005 µg/g, standard recovery rate of 94 % to 103%, and comparison deviation with GB/T 2449. 1 - 2014 less than 0.16 µg/g; method for the determination of iron content in sulfur by atomic absorption spectroscopy has a detection limit of 0. 1 µg/g, standard recovery rate of 91% to 109%, and comparison deviation with GB/T 2449. 1 2014 less than 1 µg/g; method for the determination of sulfur hydrogen and hydrogen polysulfide content in sulfur by infrared spectroscopy has a detection limit of 5 μg/g, mesurement range of 5 μg/g to 500 μg/g and repeawbility less than 8%. AII the established methods meet the testing requirements. At the same time, the feasibility and applicability of methods for the determination of arsenic content, iron content, hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen polysulfide content by spectroscopy developed as national, industrial or enterprise standards are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Modern Medicine & Health is the property of Journal of Modern Medicine & Health and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oncology is the property of Chinese Journal of Oncology / Zhonghua Zhongliu Zazhi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ｓｐｏｎｔａｎｅｏｕｓ ｂａｃｔｅｒｉａｌ ｐｅｒｉｔｏｎｉｔｉｓ （ＳＢＰ）ｉｓ ａ ｃｏｍｍｏｎ ｃｏｍｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｃｉｒｒｈｏｔｉｃ ａｓｃｉｔｅｓ，ａｎｄ ｈａｓ ａ ｈｉｇｈ ｉｎｃｉｄｅｎｃｅ ｒａｔｅ，ｒａｐｉｄ ｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ，ａｎｄ ａ ｈｉｇｈ ｆａｔａｌｉｔｙ ｒａｔｅ. Ａｔ ｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ，ｔｈｅｒｅ ａｒｅ ｎｏ ｕｎｉｆｏｒｍ ｄｉａｇｎｏｓｔｉｃ ｃｒｉｔｅｒｉａ ｆｏｒ ＳＢＰ ａｔ ｈｏｍｅ ａｎｄ ａｂｒｏａｄ. Ｓｏｍｅ ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ ｄｏ ｎｏｔ ｈａｖｅ ｔｈｅ ｔｙｐｉｃａｌ ｃｌｉｎｉｃａｌ ｓｙｍｐｔｏｍｓ ｏｆ ＳＢＰ，ａｎｄ ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅ，ｍｉｓｓｅｄ ｄｉａｇｎｏｓｉｓ ｍｉｇｈｔ ｏｃｃｕｒ ｉｎ ｓｕｃｈ ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｐａｔｉｅｎｔ′ｓ ｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎ ｍｉｇｈｔ ｂｅ ｄｅｌａｙｅｄ. Ｔｈｉｓ ａｒｔｉｃｌｅ ｒｅｖｉｅｗｓ ｔｈｅ ａｄｖａｎｃｅｓ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｄｉａｇｎｏｓｉｓ，ｐａｔｈｏｇｅｎｅｓｉｓ，ａｎｄ ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ ｏｆ ＳＢＰ，ｉｎ ｏｒｄｅｒ ｔｏ ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅ ａ ｒｅｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ ｔｏ ｃｌｉｎｉｃａｌ ｐｈｙｓｉｃｉａｎｓ，ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅ ｔｈｅ ｄｉａｇｎｏｓｔｉｃ ｒａｔｅ ｏｆ ＳＢＰ，ｒｅｄｕｃｅ ｃｌｉｎｉｃａｌ ｆａｔａｌｉｔｙ ｒａｔｅ，ａｎｄ ｉｍｐｒｏｖｅ ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ′ ｐｒｏｇｎｏｓｉｓ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology is the property of Beijing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)