Objective To provides reference for the scientific formulation of sampling plan through the comparison and analysis of local sampling plan and customs port sampling plan as well as the situation of unqualified food. Methods The differences of food classification and detection items were compared between provincial sampling rules and customs sampling plan in 2023. At the same time, the unqualified products publicized by the provincial bureau and the products not allowed to enter the country notified by the General Administration of Customs from January 2022 to May 2023 were analyzed. Results The classification of some products was inconsistent, and the items were crossed or covered. The largest proportion of unqualified products publicized by the provincial smoke and the General Administration of Customs were edible agricultural products, accounting for 29. 7% and 25%. The unqualified items of provincial sampling were the total number of microbial colonies and coliform bacteria (accounting for 33. 3%), and the main unqualified items of customs sampling were phosphate and sulfur dioxide (accounting for 45. 1%). Conclusion There are differences in food classification and detection items between them. The main categories of unqualified food publicized are the same, but the types of unqualified items and items are different. It is suggested that the local sampling inspection plan and the customs sampling inspection plan learn from each other in terms of sampling items and food categories, strengthen targeted sampling inspection, increase the high throughput monitoring of agricultural products, and provide ideas for improving the unqualified rate of food safety sampling monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]