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The experiment aims to investigate the effects of crude extracts of Codonopsis pilosula and As‐ tragalus membranaceus on the production performance, intestinal health, and economic benefits of Longlin black pigs. A total of 108 190-day-old Longlin black pigs were randomly divided into three groups. The control group (CON group) was fed with a basic diet. Experiment group 1 (group T1) and experiment group 2 (group T2) were supplemented with 3.5 and 7.0 g/kg of Codonopsis pilosula and Astragalus mem‐ branaceus crude extracts on the basic diet, respectively. The experimental period was 30 days. The results showed that compared with the CON group, the final weight and average daily weight gain in group T2 increased significantly(P<0.05), while the feed to weight ratio decreased significantly (P<0.05). The verage daily weight gain increased slightly, and feed to weight ratio increased slightly in group T1, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). Compared with the CON group, the duodenal villus height and crypt depth in the group T2 were significantly increased (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in duodenal villus height in the group T1(P>0.05). Compared with the CON group, at the phylum level, there was no significant difference in the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Spirochetes in the group T2 (P>0.05). At the genus level, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus genus and Rikenellaceae RC9_gut_group in the group T2 significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the CON group, the feed cost of T1 group and T2 group increased by 6.37% and 12.70%, respectively. The breeding profits increased by 2.19% and 3.67% respectively. In summary, adding Co‐donopsis pilosula and Astragalus membranaceus crude extracts to the diet has a certain positive effect on the production performance, intestinal health, and economic benefits of Guangxi Longlin black pigs; and the application effect of adding 7.0 g/kg was better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The experiment was to investigate the differences in flavor substances and taste between Guangxi yellowfeathered broilers and Arbor Acres (AA) broilers. The experiment selected several types of Guangxi yellow-feathered broilers (Lingshan fragrant chickens, Caifeng chickens, Nandanyao chickens, Donglan black chickens) and AA broilers that had reached the market age. After slaughtering, the content of amino acids, inosinic acid, and unsaturated fatty acids in the pectoral and leg muscles were measured and a sensory evaluation was conducted. The results showed that AA broilers had the lowest total amino acid and total umami amino acid content in the pectoral muscle. The content of glutamic acid in the pectoral muscle of Lingshan fragrant chickens, Caifeng chickens, and Donglan black chickens was significantly higher than that of AA broilers (P<0.05). The content of inosinic acid in the pectoral muscle of Caifeng chickens, and Donglan black chickens was both significantly higher than that of AA broilers (P<0.05), with Caifeng chickens having the highest content. The content of inosinic acid in the leg muscle of Lingshan fragrant chicken, Caifeng chickens, and Donglan black chickens was significantly higher than that of AA broilers (P<0.05). The content of oleic acid in the leg muscle of Caifeng chickens was significantly lower than that of AA broilers (P<0.05). The umami and juiciness of Lingshan fragrant chickens, Caifeng chickens, and Donglan black chickens were all significantly higher than those of AA broilers (P<0.05), and the total sensory score was significantly higher than that of AA broilers (P<0.05), with Lingshan fragrant chickens having the highest score. The study indicates that the nutritional level of several types of Guangxi yellowfeathered broilers is close to that of AA broilers, and there are differences in the content of flavor substances. The content of glutamic acid and inosinic acid can be used as the main indicators for the quantification and grading of the flavor of Guangxi yellow-feathered broiler chicken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in the physical properties of different feed grade phosphates using principal component analysis (PCA) to streamline the physical properties. The correlation between the different physical properties of different feed grade phosphates was compared; the main components that could represent the physical properties were extracted; the comprehensive score of feed grade phosphates was preliminarily determined; and the evaluation system of feed grade phosphates was established. In this experiment five commonly used dicalcium phosphates (DCP), four calcium phosphates monobasics (MCP) and three monodicalcium phosphates (MDCP) were selected as test materials. Physical characteristics such as moisture, specific surface area, sliding friction angle, angle of repose, apparent density, tapping density, compressibility, water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI) and swelling power (SP) were measured and analyzed. The PCA method was used to obtain the correlation coefficient matrix, the variance contribution analysis table, the load matrix and the eigenvector of each principal component. The comprehensive score of each sample was calculated. The results showed that: 1) There were certain differences in the physical properties of different feed grade phosphates, namely, the WAI of feed grade phosphates were between 0.28-1.35; the SP were between 0.62-2.40; the WAI and SP of DCP were higher; the WAI and SP of No. 11 (granularity of MCP) and No. 11 (granularity of MDCP) were higher than those of powder; the WSI of DCP were much lower than those of MCP and MDCP; and the angle of repose of DCP were higher, both of which were greater than 40°. The specific surface area of DCP was higher, and the granularities of MCP and MDCP were lower than those of other groups. 2) There is a certain correlation between the physical properties of phosphates in different feed grades. The specific surface area of feed grade phosphate was significantly and positively correlated with the angle of repose (r=0.919, P<0.01). The apparent density was negatively correlated with the specific surface area, sliding friction angle and angle of repose (r=-0.816, -0.809, -0.898, P<0.05). The degree of compressibility was significantly and positively correlated with the angle of repose (r=0.926, P<0.01), the specific surface area (r=0.874, P<0.05), and the apparent density (r=-0.812, P<0.05). The WSI was negatively correlated with the specific surface area and angle of repose and WAI (r=-0.812, -0.810, -0.864, P<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between SP and WAI (r=0.930, P<0.01), a very significant negative correlation with WSI (r=-0.987, P<0.01), and a significant positive correlation with specific surface area (r=0.801, P<0.05). 3) Through PCA, three active principal components were extracted, and the contribution rates of the first, second and third principal components were 60.07%, 18.10% and 10.10% respectively. The cumulative contribution rate of the three principal components was 88.27%. The scores of the physical characteristics of feed grade phosphates were DCP, MDCP and MCP, and the score of granular phosphate was lower. Based on the comprehensive analysis, considering the physical characteristics of feed grade phosphates, DCP could be preferred for the production of higher quality feed pellets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Feed Research is the property of Editorial Board of Feed Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Hainan Medical University is the property of Journal of Hainan Medical College Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Feed Industry is the property of Liaoning Provincial Institute of Agricultural Mechanization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Feed Research is the property of Editorial Board of Feed Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Feed Research is the property of Editorial Board of Feed Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mango contains flavonoids, gallic acid and other natural active ingredients, which has biological functions such as improving animal intestinal health and regulating animal immunity. Mango processing by-products and mango extract have a high potential application prospect as dietary or feed additives. The paper summarizes the nutritional value components, functional components and its research status in poultry production, in order to provide reference for the comprehensive utilization of mango extract in animal husbandry production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to compare the effect of lysozyme monomer and lysozyme polymer on production performance, egg quality and hatchability of laying hens. A total of 360 laying hens of 23-week-old Guangxi Ma chicken were randomly divided into three groups, with six replicates in each group and 20 hens in each replicate. Hens in control group was fed with basal diet. Hens in treatment 1 and treatment 2 were fed with diet supplentment with 500 g/t lysozyme monomer and 500 g/t lysozyme polymer, respectively. The pre-test period was 7 d, and the formal test period was 49 d. The results showed that compared with control group, the egg laying rate of the two treatment groups was significantly increased (P<0.05), the qualified rate of eggs in treatment 1 and treatment 2 was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the egg shape index of treatment 2 was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the eggshell strength of treatment 1 and treatment 2 was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the fertilization rate of treatment 1 and treatment 2 was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the hatching rate of fertilized eggs and incubated eggs of treatment 2 were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the serum low density lipoprotein content of laying hens in treatment 1 and treatment 2 was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the content of immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin A in the serum of laying hens in treatment 2 were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the content of immunoglobulin M in the serum of laying hens in treatment 1 was significantly increased (P<0.05). The study indicates that compared with control group and the lysozyme monomer group, the addition of lysozyme polymer can effectively improve egg production rate, change the egg shape index, improve the hatchability of laying hens and the body's immunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Knee joint stiffness is a common post-traumatic dysfunction, which is an urgent problem to be solved. To establish an ideal animal model of knee joint stiffness is the basis for studying the pathological mechanism of knee joint stiffness and is also important for exploring the treatment of knee joint stiffness. OBJECTIVE: To review the methods of establishing animal models of knee joint stiffness and to summarize the selection of animals, different fixation methods, fixation time and successful cycle, thereby providing experimental basis for its related research. METHODS: The literatures published from 2000 to 2020 were searched in the databases of CNKI, VIP, WanFang, PubMed, and Embase with the keywords of “knee stiffness, knee contracture, animal model” in Chinese and “knee stiffness, stiff knee, stiff knee, animal model” in English. Finally 49 references were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At present, researchers mainly use surgical methods and non-surgical methods for modeling, that is, surgical methods: through surgery with or without knee articular surface injury, internal fixation is used to cause postoperative traumatic joint stiffness; non-surgical methods: simple external fixation or violent injury external fixation is used to obtain the animal model of knee joint stiffness. In clinical practice, knee joint stiffness caused by immobilization after lower limb fracture is very common. For knee joint stiffness caused by lower limb fracture that does not affect the knee joint surface, the surgical fixation of extra-articular injury can be selected for modeling. For knee joint stiffness caused by knee joint articular surface injury, intra-articular injury fixation can be selected for modeling. The method of surgical fixation has the advantages of short modeling time, high efficiency, and good stability, but there are high requirements for aseptic conditions. To date, it has been widely used in the structural changes and efficacy observation of knee joint stiffness, and orthopedic brace intervention. The model of simple external fixation such as plaster and splint is easy to operate, avoids surgical trauma, and has relative advantages in simulating the disease development of knee joint stiffness. This model can be used to observe the pathological changes of joint stiffness at different stages, and the disadvantages are that the fixation is easy to loosen, slip, or nibble during the process of animal activities, the modeling time is too long, and the fixation is easy to fail. Fixation after violent injury can simulate knee joint stiffness caused by immobilization after periarticular soft tissue injury and is suitable for the study on the efficacy and screening of conservative treatment. In summary, the most ideal way to model knee joint stiffness is knee hyperextension+intra-articular surgical trauma+fixation. Through knee hyperextension to damage the posterior capsule of the knee joint and fenestration in the femoral condyle to simulate intra-articular fractures, this modeling method using Kirschner wire internal fixation has a short modeling time, high success rate, and good stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mountain Research (10082786) is the property of Mountain Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)