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目的探讨内窥镜获取大隐静脉在冠状动脉旁路移植术中的应用并探讨学习曲线，重点关注初学者易发生的问题及对早期临床结果的影响。方法回顾性分析2013年7月至2014年4月在郑州大学第一附属医院心外科接受不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术并使用内窥镜技术获取大隐静脉的83例患者的临床资料，按照手术时间的先后顺序分为A组（初学组20例）、B组（熟悉组20例）、C组（进步组20例）、D组（成熟组23例），分析各组之间患者围术期及随访结果差异，明确学习曲线周期。结果该组患者年龄为（60.22±8.06）岁，体质量为（69.77±11.66） kg，其中合并高血压24例、糖尿病26例、亚急性脑梗14例。A组相对于后三组获取大隐静脉长度与时间比值明显较小（PP=0.006），并且随访1年时静脉桥通畅率较低，但差异无统计学意义。结论内窥镜获取大隐静脉之前技术操作培训是必要的，能有效规避初学者造成的血管损伤，实际获取的过程中大概需要亲自操作20例，并认真总结技术技巧就可以较为熟练地进行相关操作。

BACKGROUND: Blue amber is mainly produced in the Dominican Republic, Mexico and Myanmar. Generally speaking, the formation mechanism, composition and spectral characteristics of blue amber are closely related to its specific geographical environment. Therefore, the study on the origin of blue amber has become a hot topic in the field of gemology, archaeology and biological mineralogy, and the origin of geographical districts of blue amber has become a hot research topic. Previous studies mainly used infrared spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and isotope tracing to carry out a relatively systematic study on the origin of blue amber, but were limited to the similarity of blue amber, and the spectral characteristics of blue amber from different origins showing similarities. Due to the low popularity of the application of some detection devices, the application of the detection method based on the above-mentioned corresponding devices is greatly limited. OBJECTIVES: To identify photoluminescence (PL), Raman spectroscopy and trace element characteristics of blue amber with different origins. METHODS: Photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy combined with trace element analysis were used to study the spectral and elemental occurrence characteristics of blue amber from Dominican Republic and Mexico. RESULTS: The results showed that: (1) At room temperature, using PL spectrum with 405 nm as the excitation wavelength, the peaks at 450, 475 and 502 nm appeared simultaneously for blue amber from Dominican Republic. In contrast, there was no significant characteristic peak in Mexican blue amber. The differences in PL spectrum of blue amber from the two origins can be used as a direct basis for the traceability and identification of its origin. (2) Using the Raman spectrum with 785 nm as the excitation wavelength, the Raman peaks of blue amber from Dominican Republic at about 154, 468, 901, 1177 and 1312 cm-1 were more prominent or sharper than those from Mexico. The ratio of the peak intensity at 1653 and 1446 cm-1 (N=I1653/I1446) in the corresponding spectrum of the amber from Dominican Republic was significantly higher than that from Mexico. (3) Trace elements of S, Si, Fe and Cu were present in the blue amber from the two regions, and the content was S>Si>Fe>Cu. The content of Cu in blue amber from Dominican Republic was generally higher than that from Mexico. Therefore, the occurrence and content characteristics of Cu can be used as one of the evidences for the traceability of Dominican blue amber. CONCLUSIONS: The research work provides theoretical and technical support for the origin of blue amber with different geographical locations. It can also provide a salutary reference for identification of the geographical location for other gems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Mine Automation is the property of Industry & Mine Automation Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Mine Automation is the property of Industry & Mine Automation Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Progress in Modern Biomedicine is the property of Publishing House of Progress in Modern Biomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Progress in Modern Biomedicine is the property of Publishing House of Progress in Modern Biomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the clinical efficacy of moxifloxacin combined with montelukast sodium in treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia and post infection cough. METHODS： 102 patients with mycoplasma pneumonia were selected to be divided into observation group and control group via the random number table，with 51 cases in each. The control group were treated with 0. 4 g moxifloxacin injections，once a day，combined with 10 mg oral montelukast sodium， once a day. The control group were given 0. 5 g azithromycin，once a day， combined with oral compound Liquorice tablets，three tablets for once， three times a day. The clinical efficacy of two groups were compared and observed. RESULTS： The total effective rate of observation group and control group were respectively 94. 12% (48/51) and 74. 50% (38/51)，and the observation group was higher than that of control group，with statistically significant difference ( P <0. 05 ). The clearance time of fever，cough，wheeze，length of stay in observation group were significantly lower than those of control group，with statistically significant difference ( P < 0. 05 ). CONCLUSIONS： Moxifloxacin combined with montelukast sodium in treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia and post infection cough can significantly shorten the clearance time of fever and improve the cough symptoms with remarkable efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim to the crushed and soft coal seam with high outburst danger in Yangquan mining area,the paper put forward a technology of whole hydraulic fracturing and permeability enhancement using long hole. The engineering practice test realized that the length of the coal segment of the hole underground for the whole fracturing was up to 307 m,the injected water volume of single hole was 1 510 m3, and the maximum injection pressure was up to 26. 09 MPa. The penetration effect of fracturing was investigated and the results were the influencing range of borehole fracturing was up to 58 m,the permeability coefficient of coal seam increased by 2. 67 times,the gas flow attenuation coefficient per 100 meters of hole decreased by 55%. During a 230 days period,the extraction of pure methane was from 1 395 to 2 810 m3/d with 2 173 m3/d in average and 50. 86x104 m3 in cumulative volume,the concentration of extracted gas was from 49. 38% to 83. 70 with 64. 31% in average. It was analyzed that hydraulic fracturing improved the connectivity of coal seam fracture and porosity, reduced the effective stress and increased the permeability of coal seam, promoted the coal seam gas from the adsorption state to free state transformation. So the above factors were the key to the effective extraction of gas after fracturing coal seam. According to the principle of sand-filling and plug-up seam fracturing technology, the mechanism of opening and extension of the whole hydraulic fracturing seam with hydraulic fracturing in soft and low permeability coal seam was presented. The achievements and knowledge of the engineering practice provides a practical experience and technical support for the whole hydraulic fracturing and highly efficient gas drainage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]