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Copyright of Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning is the property of Editorial Board of the Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning is the property of Editorial Board of the Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning is the property of Editorial Board of the Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Evaluation & Analysis of Drug-Use in Hospitals of China is the property of Evaluation & Analysis of Drug-Use in Hospitals of China Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tianjin Medical Journal is the property of Tianjin Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Progress in Modern Biomedicine is the property of Publishing House of Progress in Modern Biomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning is the property of Editorial Board of the Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning is the property of Editorial Board of the Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning is the property of Editorial Board of the Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tianjin Medical Journal is the property of Tianjin Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The retained products of conception (RPOC) is a presence of the intrauterine tissue related with pregnancy after the birth or termination of pregnancy. Ultrasonography is the principal method of RPOC diagnosis. The signals of blood flow are the main points of the ultrasonic diagnosis, with the characterizes of focal intrauterine membrane thickening, a intrauterine hyperechoic mass or a low-resistance arterial blood flow around the mass. The endometrial thickness and echo, as well as the ultrasound vascular grading, play an important role in the clinical diagnosis of RPOC, while hysteroscopy is the main method of the confirmed diagnosis. The differential diagnosis of this disease mainly includes arterial venous malformation and pregnancy trophoblastic disease, CT and MRI are helpful for the differential diagnosis. The treatment includes drug therapy and surgery. Mifepristone and misoprostol are of two common drugs for RPOC therapy. Surgical treatment has been gradually developed from the curettage under the guidance of ultrasound to the hysteroscopic focal clearance. With the advantages of high clearance rate and low incidence of complications, the hysteroscopic clearance is currently the main method of RPOC treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common female reproductive dysfunction, is a endocrine disorder related with glycometabolism. Visfatin is a new member of the adipocytokine family. The level of serum visfatin was found to be higher in PCOS patients, expecially in those PCOS patients with obesity and insulin resistance (IR). The levels of visfatin were also increased in the serum samples and endometrial tissues of endometrial cancer. The risk of endometrial cancer was increased in those patients with obesity and IR, while the endometrial cancer was thought as one of the long-term complications of PCOS. Visfatin was closely related to IR, obesity and the long-term complications of endometrial lesions in PCOS. Visfatin may be a new potential target for the PCOS treatment and further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the role of HIF-1α in the pathogenesis of hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) and its relationship with GRP78. Methods The HPS model in rats was induced by multiple pathogenic factor. The samples were assessed by using Western blotting analysis for HIF-lα, GRP78 and VEGF164. The expressions of VEGFR-2 and CD105 were observed by using immunohistochemical staining. Results The protein level of HIF-1α was significantly increased in HPS group at week 8 compared with that at week 4 and 6 groups and corresponding normal control groups. With the development of HPS, protein level of GRP78 was gradually increased at each time point significantly and reached the highest level at week 8; protein level of VEGF164 showed a similar change with GRP78, but the peak was at week 6. Immunohistochemical results showed that the protein expressions of VEGFR-2 and CD105 were gradually increased in lung tissue as HPS progressed. The protein level of GRP78 was positively correlated with HIF-1α, VEGF164, VEGFR-2 and CD105, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion HIF-1α is most likely together with GRP78 to play a critical role in promoting pulmonary microvascular remodeling in the pathogenesis of HPS in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]