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BACKGROUND: Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) without virus vector integration can be successfully induced by small molecule compounds and plasmid transfection. Similar to embryonic stem cells, iPSCs can differentiate freely into hematopoietic progenitor cells. However, it is not clear whether exogenous factors and human cells from different sources affect the differentiation of iPSCs and hematopoietic progenitor cells. OBJECTIVE: To compare the gene expression differences between iPSCs of different cell sources and embryoid bodies of embryonic stem cells, so as to explore the clinical transformation of iPSCs. METHODS: The iPSCs and human embryonic stem cells were constructed from amniotic cells-derived cells and urine cells-derived cells. The different days of embryoid bodies were collected to test the expression of pluripotent genes Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog, endoderm marker gene GATA4, mesoderm marker gene MSX1, ectoderm marker gene PAX6, hematopoietic stem cell marker genes CD34/CD43. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The expression of Oct4/Sox2/Nanog in embryoid bodies from amniotic fluid cells derived iPSCs was almost undetectable at 8 days, which was different from urine cells derived iPSCs and embryoid bodies embryonic stem cells. They could sustain expression until 16 days. (2) The expression peak of GATA4/MSX1/PAX6 in embryoid bodies from amniotic fluid cells derived iPSCs was at 4 days, and sustained expression at 8-12 days. The expression peak of GATA4/MSX1/PAX6 in embryoid bodies from urine cells derived iPSCs and embryonic stem cells was at 4-8 days, and sustained expression at 12-16 days. The expression level of three layer-differentiation markers for embryoid bodies from urine cells derived iPSCs were significantly higher than iPSCs from amniotic fluid cells and embryonic stem cells. (3) At 12 days, the ratio of hematopoietic stem cell was the most in embryoid bodies from amniotic fluid cells and urine cells derived iPSCs. However, the ratio in the embryoid bodies from embryonic stem cells was at 4 days. The hematopoietic stem cell ratio was higher in embryoid bodies from urine cells derived iPSCs than that in amniotic fluid cells and embryonic stem cells. (4) Embryoid bodies from different cells derived iPSCs and embryonic stem cells all had pluripotency and the ability of three layer-differentiation, but they were distinctive. Urine cells derived iPSCs may replace embryonic stem cells as hematopoietic cell differentiation model in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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BACKGROUND: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition is closely related to embryonic development, stem cell-induced differentiation, injury tissue repair and tumorigenesis. OBJECTIVE: To review the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in stem cell differentiation and tumorigenesis. METHODS: The CNKI and PubMed databases were retrieved by computer for relevant literatures published from 2001 to 2016 with the key words of “epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stem cell, tumor/cancer” in Chinese and English, respectively. 1 249 articles were retrieved in total, and 50 papers were suitable for final analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The epithelial-mesenchymal transition is closely associated with stem cell differentiation, tumorigenesis and tumor progression. The emergence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition related markers were found in stem cell differentiation and tumor invasion and metastasis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition is affected by a variety of regulatory factors, and the differentiation of stem cells and the occurrence and development of tumor are also multi-procedural and multi-step complex processes. Although we have a more thorough understanding on occurrence mechanisms and some regulation mechanisms of epithelial-mesenchymal transition for stem cell differentiation and tumorigenesis, the understanding of the complex regulatory network is still not enough. How to have a deeper understanding of the occurrence and regulation mechanisms of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and how to apply research results safely and effectively in the clinical prevention, diagnosis and treatment will be the common goal of us now and in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Guihaia is the property of Guihaia Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)