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极端天气会导致线路跳闸，发电能力损失，负荷激增。市场环境下用户将承受高昂电价冲击，危及社会稳定。此时抑制电价飙升，管理电价风险十分重要。为此，设计了一种基于电价和发电损失容量的电力天气衍生品，可有效管理电价风险。首先，依据风险分解结构原理从源网荷及发电商报价角度分析了极端天气对电价的影响。其次，设计了考虑电价、天气为执行条件和基于损失容量与电价为收益函数的天气衍生品，并从理论层面分析了其效果。最后，结合预期效用最大化目标和电力市场出清模型进行发电商决策与电价模拟，使用条件风险价值（CVaR）指标评估了电价风险及衍生品效果。结果显示，所提电力天气衍生品使极端天气对发电商收入的冲击降低80%以上，用户电价均值降低约0.2%，用户电价风险降低20%以上，说明可有效控制电价风险，助力电力市场建设以及新型电力系统构建。

摘要：新型电力系统建设背景下，分布式光伏爆发增长、柔性负荷大量涌现的配电领域正在经历深刻变革。配网可调节资源挖掘利用既能解决配网分布式新能源增加导致的反向重过载、电压越限等问题，还有助于缓解主网运行压力。首先，提炼了配网可调节资源利用技术存在的痛点问题，指出配网电力系统运营模式转型是解决问题的基础所在。回顾分析了集中式、分散式等国内外运营模式与微网、虚拟电厂等多种配电系统形式在解决配网运行问题方面存在的优缺点。提出适应中国大电网集中调度模式的配网集中-分布式协同自治调控的运行新范式，依托台区智能终端，通过“内部自治、相邻互济、整体协同”的协同自治调控模式，实现配调-台区-终端分层分级优化调控，为新型电力系统提供全新的技术路径。最后，归纳了协同自治调控运营模式下的配网关键技术和未来研究方向。

电热综合能源系统中的热力管网由于较强的热惯性而具备被动储热能力，可以提高电力系统的调节能力，为大规模可再生能源并网消纳提供空间。利用热力管网储能的方法可在不增加额外设备与投资的前提下，仅通过电力、热力系统的协调优化，达到平抑可再生能源波动性与间歇性、提高可再生能源使用率的目标。该方法已成为目前较具潜力的灵活性提升手段之一，逐渐受到国内外广泛关注。热力系统本身具有多变量、非线性、时延性等特点，且热力管网运行调节独立于电力系统调度之外，导致在刻画评估热力管网所具备的调节能力时，面临电热系统动态建模难以兼容、异质能源系统运行机制难以协调等瓶颈。研究围绕热力管网动态特性建模及电热协调优化等方面，对利用热力管网热惯性提升电热综合能源系统调节能力的研究方法展开回顾：比较分析了节点法、元素法、集总参数法、等效热电路法及能路法等动态建模方法的优劣，剖析了电力系统与热力管网协调运行研究中的关键要素，并针对进一步研究方向提出了几点建议。

With water resource shortages becoming a global concern, water conservation is one of the key factors in the sustainable development of watershed ecosystems. However, previous studies of water conservation have focused on annual mean water conservation, which does not reflect changes in water conservation on shorter time scales. Shorter time scales have more significant responses than longer timescales. An annual scale reflects the supply function of the water culverts, whereas a shorter time scale reflects the function of stagnant flood replenishment. Thus, we analyzed the annual, monthly, and daily changes in water conservation in the Zengjiang River Basin, an important water source area and ecological barrier in Guangzhou, from 1959 to 2018. The WEP-L distributed hydrological model and water-balance equations were used to explore the supply, regulation, and peak reduction and replenishment of the water conservation dryness functions. The results indicate that the annual mean water conservation in the Zengjiang River Basin was 685.7 mm from 1959 to 2018, with a non-significant decreasing rate (-1.30 mm/a) during this period. This decreasing trend indicates that the water supply capacity of the basin decreased, which is not conducive to the water security of the basin and downstream areas. Therefore, relevant policies should be formulated and measures should be taken to improve the water conservation capacity of the basin. The multi-year average monthly water conservation in the Zengjiang River Basin was positive in January‒September and negative in October‒December, with non-significant increases in water conservation in January, March, June, November, and December, and non-significant decreases in the other months. The trend ranged from -0.04 to -0.67 mm/a during the entire study period. Water conservation changes in the Zengjiang River Basin during pre-flood, post-flood, and dry-water periods indicate that the basin's ability to regulate water conservation runoff weakened. The maximum 1-day, 3-day, 5-day, and 7-day periods in the Zengjiang River Basin were positive, whereas the minimum 1-day, 3-day, 5-day, and 7-day periods were negative. Except for the minimum 5-day and 7-day periods, the other six daily extreme water conservation indicators exhibited nonsignificant increasing trends. The maximum water conservation values indicate that the peak reduction capacity increased, while the minimum water conservation values indicate that the capacity to replenish depletion decreased in 1- and 3-day periods and increased in 5- and 7-day periods. Spatially, the annual water conservation trend was low in the southeastern and northern parts of the basin, and high in the southwestern part of the basin. Annual, monthly, and daily water conservation levels in the Zengjiang River Basin from 1959 to 2018 embodied its supply, regulation, peak reduction, and replenishment of depletion functions, respectively. The correlation coefficients between water conservation and precipitation were significantly higher than those between evapotranspiration and surface runoff, thereby indicating that precipitation was the most important factor influencing water conservation. The findings of this study reveal multi-temporal evolutionary processes and functional differences in water conservation and provide a scientific basis for ecological protection and construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Functional Polymers is the property of Journal of Functional Polymers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (1006-2467) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: With the development of biomechanics, its research into cardiovascular diseases has become more and more extensive. By studying the mechanical properties of blood vessels, the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and restenosis can be effectively revealed and new ideas and methods can be developed for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. OBJECTIVE: To review the research status of apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells induced by mechanical stress and search for potential target molecules and signaling pathways for clinical treatment, thereby improving the clinical treatment effect on cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and restenosis. METHODS: We searched the literature in CNKI, PubMed and ScienceDirect databases from January 1992 to May 2023. The search terms were “vascular smooth muscle cell, mechanical stress, shear stress, stretch stress, apoptosis” in Chinese and English. Finally, 63 articles were included for review and analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Physiological and pathological apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells is an adaptive remodeling in response to the changes in vascular mechanics. Vascular smooth muscle cells in different parts have different mechanical stimuli and their pathogenesis is also different. Low shear stress, physiological shear stress and high shear stress directly interact with surface molecules, receptors and proteins of vascular smooth muscle cells to regulate apoptosis-related signaling molecules and inhibit cell proliferation, thus regulating the apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells. In this part, the research on promoting proliferation is not summarized. Low stretch stress, physiological stretch stress and high stretch stress can all cause apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells, but it is still controversial. There are many mechanoreceptors (such as integrins and receptor tyrosine kinases) on the surface of vascular smooth muscle cells, which can transform mechanical signals into intracellular chemical signals (such as the Hippo pathway), activate the apoptosis signals of vascular smooth muscle cells and regulate the apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells. In short, different mechanical stimuli start a variety of signal pathways and regulate the apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells through various signal molecules. For example, shear stress affects Fas/FasL and Akt pathways mainly by stimulating prostaglandin secretion and transforming growth factors. Strech stress mainly regulates the YAP pathway and Notch pathway through Yes-related proteins. At different times or intensities, these molecules may play opposite two-way roles. For example, when mouse vascular smooth muscle cells are stretched at 10% physiological tension for 1 hour, cell proliferation increases. However, the proliferation of human vascular smooth muscle cells can decrease after 12 hours of stretching. Clinically, the key molecules of mechanical transduction can be disturbed by searching for key molecules that interfere with mechanical transduction at their critical time points of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Objective To investigate the effect of insulin sensitizer rosiglitazone on blood METRNL levels. Methods After fed with high fat diet (HFD) for 3 months, obese mice were treated with rosiglitazone for 1 month. Glucose tolerance was tested with glucose tolerance test (GTT), and METRNL levels in blood were measured by ELISA. Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of METRNL in various tissues such as muscle, liver, white fat, brown fat, brain, spleen and kidney, as well as the expression of mitochondrial proteins in brown adipose tissue. Results Glucose tolerance of animals fed a high-fat diet was improved in rosiglitazone group, and blood METRNL levels were also increased significantly in this group. Rosiglitazone treatment increased the expression of METRNL in brown fat and kidney tissue. There was no effect on METRNL expression in muscle, liver, white fat, brain and spleen. Rosiglitazone increased the expression of mitochondrial-associated proteins in brown adipose tissue. Conclusion The insulin sensitizer rosiglitazone might increase the serum METRNL level by increasing the METRNL expression in brown fat and kidney tissue, suggesting that METRNL may be involved in the therapeutic effect of rosiglitazone on diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Chinese Journal of Immunology is the property of Medical Periodical Society of Jilin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Journal of Mine Automation is the property of Industry & Mine Automation Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Mine Automation is the property of Industry & Mine Automation Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Objective To evaluate the distance between rectus abdominis muscle (IRD)and the hardness of primipara during the pregnancy and early postpartum by using two-dimensional ultrasound combined with shear wave elastography (SWE), and to explore the correlation between IRD and the hardness of primipara. Methods From October 2021 to August 2022, a total of 250 primipara who received the regular birth check-up in the Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University and delivered at full term were selected. During the pregnancy, they were divided into the early pregnancy group, the middle pregnancy group and late pregnancy group based on the gestational age.After the birth, they were then were divided into the natural birth group and the cesarean section group based on the delivery mode. Another 50 healthy non-pregnant women were selected as the control group. The mean elastic modulus of rectus abdominis (Emean) was measured by two-dimensional ultrasound and SWE. The differences of IRD and the rectus abdominis hardness during the pregnancy and postpartum were compared, and the correlation between them was analyzed. Results IRD and the hardness increased with the gestational age and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). IRD of the cesarean section group was higher than that of the vaginal delivery group, and the hardness was lower than that of the vaginal delivery group. BMI during the pregnancy IRD was positively correlated with IRD and the hardness of rectus abdominis muscle (r p = 0.515, 0.641, 0.564, 0.483, 0.513, 0.462, P < 0.01) and IRD was positively correlated with the hardness of rectus abdominis muscle (r p = 0.559, 0.580, 0.425, P < 0.01). Postpartum BMI had no correlation with the hardness of rectus abdominis muscle (r p = −0.113, −0.071, −0.043, −0.005, −0.086, −0.045, P > 0.05), and IRD was negatively correlated with the hardness at 3cm below the umbilical cord (r p = −0.227, P = 0.023). Conclusion　It is feasible to evaluate IRD and the rectus abdominis hardness by 2D ultrasound combined with SWE, which can provide more intuitive clinical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of postpartum rectus abdominis separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing is the property of Editorial Department of Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Kunming Medical University / Kunming Yike Daxue Xuebao is the property of Kunming Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To investigate the effect and potential mechanism of intramuscular injection of nerve growth factor (NGF) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) on early bone healing in rats with closed tibial shaft fractures. Methods: Eighty healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into model group, NGF group, PDGF group and NGF+PDGF group with 20 rats each. After establishing the model of closed tibial shaft fracture, rats in NGF group were given intramuscular injection of 0.8 μg NGF. Rats in PDGF group received intramuscular injection of 0.8 μg PDGF, the rats in NGF+PDGF group were intramuscularly injected with 0.8 μG NGF and 0.8 μg PDGF; The rats in the control group and model group were given intramuscular injection of physiological saline of the same volume. The callus volume was calculated by X-ray examination at the 2nd week (T0), 4th week (T1) and 6th week (T2) of treatment, and the serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP) level was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. After the rats were killed by cervical dislocation method, Hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes of tibial fracture end, and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) Relative expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) mRNA. Results: In NGF+PDGF group, the fracture ends healed at T1, and the callus volume was larger than the other three groups; The fracture ends of NGF group and PDGF group healed at T2, and the volume of callus was larger than that of model group (P<0.05). The fracture ends of the model group were not fully healed at T2, and the callus volume was larger than that of the other three groups (P<0.05). The serum AKP levels of NGF+PDGF group rats were higher than those of the other three groups at T0-T1, and the serum AKP levels of NGF group and PDGF group rats were higher than those of the model group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in serum AKP level among the four groups at T2 (P>0.05). At T1, the bone trabeculae of rats in NGF group, PDGF group and NGF+PDGF group were thicker, denser, and arranged in a palisade shape. The space between bone trabeculae became smaller. The bone fracture of rats in NGF+PDGF group was filled with new bone, and there was still a small amount of space in the bone fracture of NGF group and PDGF group. At T1, the relative expression level of NGF+PDGF group rats was higher than that of the other three groups (P<0.05). There was no difference between NGF group and PDGF group in the relative expression level of mRNA of each index (P>0.05), but they were higher than that of the model group (P<0.05). At T2, there was no difference in the relative expression levels of BMP2, VEGF and IGF-1 mRNA in the callus tissues of rats in each group (P>0.05). Conclusion: NGF and PDGF can synergistically promote the early bone healing of rats with closed tibial shaft fracture, which may be related to the up-regulated expression of BMP2, VEGF and IGF-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electric Power is the property of Electric Power Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to study the mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of polyethylene fiber-engineered cementitious composite (PE-ECC) and different FRP under freeze-thaw cycling, rapid freeze-thaw experiments were performed on PE-ECC, PE-ECCBFRP and PE-ECC-CFRP. The mass loss rate, relative dynamic elastic modulus, three-point bending test and scanning electron microscopy of the specimen under different freeze-thaw cycles were studied. The results show these as follows. The mass loss rates of PE-ECC and ordinary mortar concrete is 1. 67% and 13. 5% respectively after 150 cycles of freezing. The crack inhibition effect of PE fiber can well constrain the spalling of cement mortar. Adding CFRP mesh cloth or BFRP mesh cloth to PE-ECC cement fiber matrix material can improve the strength of specimen and reduce the propagation of micro-cracks inside the cement fiber matrix material, and improve the frost resistance of cement fiber matrix material; Compared with PE-ECC, the maximum load capacity of PE-ECC-BFRP specimens and PEECC-CFRP specimens is increased by 22. 5% and 67. 3%, and the maximum deflection is increased by 28. 2% and 76. 7% respectively. Under the action of freeze-thaw cycle, FRP mesh cloth can improve the bending resistance and maximum flexural ability of PE-ECC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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