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Amid the rampant counterfeiting and smuggling of pharmaceuticals, the lack of transparency in the traditional pharmaceutical supply chain has led to a proliferation of illicit activities in the circulation of drugs. The emergence of blockchain has brought light to the drug supply chain, which can achieve process transparency, data sharing, autonomous management, etc. in the drug supply chain. However, it has also brought a series of new problems such as business scalability, system interoperability and regulatory compliance. This article summarizes the advantages of blockchain technology in empowering drug supply chains and several problems that need to be solved urgently in applying blockchain technology to drug supply chain scenarios and possible coping strategies to help improve China’s drug supply chain solutions and alleviate the problem of counterfeit drugs. Finally, for the current problems in drug supply chain supervision, this article proposes a new model that integrates the “governing blockchain by blockchain” architecture, which aims to overcome the scalability and interoperability problems of current blockchain-based drug supply chain solutions by providing a comprehensive solution and ensuring transparency and accountability throughout the entire supply chain process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]