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脑血管病是全球范围内导致人类死亡和残疾的主要原因，其中很高比例与代谢紊乱相关。代谢性脑血管病是指由传统代谢危险因素和残余代谢危险因素导致的脑血管损害，以血管结构受损及功能障碍为主要病理生理学表现，干预代谢危险因素可有效改善预后的一种临床综合征。代谢组学是采用高通量组学技术对所有代谢物进行鉴定和定量的手段，是未来研究代谢性脑血管病的重要抓手。本文总结了代谢组学、脂质组学在代谢性心脑血管疾病方面的研究，旨在为代谢性脑血管病的代谢组学研究开展及其临床防治提供参考。 Abstract: Cerebrovascular diseases are the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. A high proportion of cerebrovascular diseases is correlated with metabolism disorder. Cerebro-metabolic disease refers to a clinical syndrome with cerebrovascular injury caused by traditional metabolic risk factors and residual metabolic risk factors, vascular structural injury and dysfunction as the main pathophysiological manifestations, and intervention of metabolic risk factors can effectively improve the prognosis. Metabolomics is a scientific method that uses high-throughput omics technology to identify and quantify all metabolites, which is an important starting point for future research on cerebro-metabolic disease. This paper summarizes the studies of metabolomics and lipidomics in cerebro-metabolic disease and cardiometabolic disease, aiming to provide references for the development of metabolomics studies and clinical prevention and treatment of cerebro-metabolic disease.

为了及时调整我国棕榈油贸易政策，引导我国木本油料油脂产业发展，利用2000、2005、2010、2015年和2020年全球棕榈油贸易数据，采用社会网络分析法，探究了2000—2020年全球棕榈油贸易网络演变特征及其对我国食用油对外贸易政策的启示。结果表明：全球棕榈油贸易伙伴国家之间直接交易路径在不断缩短，贸易核心国家的数量相对稳定，核心地位相对稳固；作为核心地位最突出的5个棕榈油贸易枢纽国，中国、印度、荷兰是重要的进口国，马来西亚、印度尼西亚是重要的出口国，国际棕榈油贸易受主要出口国政策影响较大；我国棕榈油进口量在短期内不会出现大幅度波动，但仍存在较高的贸易风险；基于棕榈油贸易格局的集中趋势，我国植物油贸易与产业面临着挑战与机遇并存的局面。因此,提出积极开展包括棕榈油在内的植物油双边及多边贸易合作、鼓励农业企业走出国门、大力发展我国木本油料油脂产业等建议。 In order to adjust China′s palm oil trade policy in a timely manner and guide the development of China′s woody oilseed and oil industry, the data of global palm oil trade in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020 were used to explore the evolution characteristics of global palm oil trade network from 2000 to 2020 and its implications for China′s foreign trade policy of edible oil by social network analysis method. The results showed that the direct trade path between global palm oil trading partner countries was shortening, the number of global palm oil trade core countries was relatively stable, and the core position was relatively stable. As the world′s five most prominent palm oil trade hubs, China, India and the Netherlands were important importers, while Malaysia and Indonesia were important exporters. International palm oil trade was greatly affected by the policies of major exporters. China′s palm oil imports would not fluctuate greatly in the short term, but there were still high trade risks. Based on the centralized trend of palm oil trade pattern, China′s vegetable oil trade and industry were facing both challenges and opportunities. It is suggested that bilateral and multilateral trade cooperation in vegetable oil including palm oil should be actively carried out, agricultural enterprises should be encouraged to go abroad, and domestic woody oilseed and oil industry should be vigorously developed.

产业内贸易对我国油料安全具有深远影响。为推动我国植物油料贸易和产业的健康发展，从总体和分类两个层面分别计算2011—2020年中国植物油料的Grubel-Lioyd指数、Bruelhart边际产业内贸易指数以及Thom & McDowell指数，分析我国植物油料贸易现状，并提出相应建议。结果表明：近年来我国植物油料贸易增量主要来自产业间贸易，植物油料的总体产业内贸易水平偏低；Thom & McDowell指数表明近年来我国植物油料产业内贸易主要来自垂直型产业内贸易。基于此现状，针对性地提出实施差异化的植物油料产业内贸易发展战略，建立植物油料贸易可持续发展的长效机制，培育具备国际竞争力的大型农企集团，提升植物油料风险管控能力等相关政策建议。Intra industry trade has a profound impact on the safety of oilseeds in China. To promote the healthy development of China′s vegetable oilseeds trade and industry, the Grubel-Lioyd index, Bruelhart marginal intra industry trade index and Thom & McDowell index of vegetable oilseeds from 2011 to 2020 were calculated respectively from the overall and classification levels, further the current situation of vegetable oilseeds trade in China were analyzed and corresponding suggestions were proposed. The results showed that the increase of China′s vegetable oilseeds trade in recent years mainly came from intra industry trade, and the overall intra industry trade level of vegetable oilseeds was low. Thom & McDowell index showed that in recent years, China′s intra industry trade of vegetable oilseeds mainly came from vertical intra industry trade. Based on this, relevant policy suggestions were put forward, such as implementing a differentiated intra industry trade development strategy for vegetable oilseeds, establishing a long-term mechanism for the sustainable development of vegetable oilseeds trade, cultivating large-scale agricultural enterprise groups with international competitiveness, and improving vegetable oilseeds risk management and control capabilities.

我国是油料进口与消费大国，油料自给率低、严重依赖进口。当前地缘政治矛盾的加剧与贸易政策的不确定性令国际农产品市场出现动荡，我国油料贸易面临着错综复杂的国际环境。在油料进口量持续增加、对外依存度不断提高的背景下，分析目前我国油料进口贸易的总量特征，以及以大豆、油菜籽、花生为代表的大宗油料和以芝麻、葵花籽、亚麻籽为代表的特色油料的产品结构特征与国别特征，并进一步对大宗油料商品和特色油料商品的进口贸易特征及未来发展趋势作出判断。针对当前我国油料供给面临的国内外约束与风险，应大幅提升油料增产保供能力，积极拓展油料进口渠道，减少对贸易争端国的进口依存度，建立和完善油料安全预警系统与应急机制，从而促进我国油料产业的高质量发展，保障油料安全。China is a big importer and consumer of oilseeds, but the self-sufficiency rate of oilseeds is low and relies heavily on imports. At present, the aggravation of the geopolitical contradictions and the uncertainty of the trade policy make the international agricultural products market turbulent, and the oilseeds trade of China is facing a complex international environment. Under the background of increasing oilseeds import volume and increasing dependence on foreign countries, the characteristics of total volume of oilseeds import trade at present, the product structure characteristics and country characteristics of bulk oilseeds represented by soybean, rapeseed and peanut, and characteristic oilseeds represented by sesame, sunflower seed and flaxseed were analyzed. Furthermore, the import trade characteristics and future development trend of bulk oilseeds and characteristic oilseeds were judged respectively. In view of the current domestic and foreign constraints and risks of oilseeds supply, we should greatly improve the capacity of oilseeds production increase and supply assurance, actively expand oilseeds import channels, reduce the dependence on imports from countries with trade disputes, establish and perfect oilseeds safety early warning system and emergency mechanism, so as to promote the high-quality development of oilseeds industry and ensure oilseeds safety.

为实现脱臭馏出物绿色、清洁、高效甲酯化，达到环保生产的目的，通过单因素实验和响应面实验对生物酶法催化脱臭馏出物甲酯化反应的工艺条件进行了优化，测定了反应前后维生素 E含量的变化，并将新工艺应用于实际生产线。结果表明：生物酶法催化脱臭馏出物甲酯化的最佳反应条件为加水量1%(以脱臭馏出物质量计)、甲醇用量11.5%(以脱臭馏出物质量计)、固定化脂肪酶用量0.3%(以脱臭馏出物质量计)、反应温度35.6 ℃，在最佳条件下反应8 h脱臭馏出物中游离脂肪酸酯化率达到92.59%，甘油酯酯化率达到94.95%；生物酶法催化脱臭馏出物甲酯化反应过程中维生素 E损失少，收率达到93%；与浓硫酸催化甲酯化工艺相比，产品维生素E(50%维生素E)总收率提高了3.47百分点，植物甾醇总收率提高了3.26百分点。综上，生物酶法催化脱臭馏出物甲酯化，可以得到较高的酯化率，提高了产品维生素 E和植物甾醇收率。 In order to realize the green, clean and efficient methyl esterification of deodorized distillates and achieve the goal of environmental protection, the reaction conditions of the bioenzyme-catalyzed methyl esterification of deodorized distillates were optimized by single-factor experiment and response surface methodology, and the changes of vitamin E content before and after the reaction were measured. In addition, the new process was applied to the actual production line. The results showed that the optimal reaction conditions for the methyl esterification of deodorized distillates catalyzed by bioenzyme were as follows: water dosage 1%(based on the mass of deodorized distillates), methanol dosage 11.5% (based on the mass of deodorized distillates), immobilized lipase dosage 0.3% (based on the mass of deodorized distillates), reaction temperature 35.6 ℃. Reaction under the optimal conditions for 8 h, the esterification rate of free fatty acid and glycerol ester in the deodorized distillates reached 92.59% and 94.95%, respectively. In the methyl esterification of the bioenzyme-catalyzed deodorized distillates, the loss of vitamin E was low, and its yield reachedg 93%. The total yield of vitamin E (50% vitamin E) increased by 3.47 percentage points and the total yield of phytosterols increased by 3.26 percentage points compared with the concentrated sulfuric acid catalyzed methyl esterification process. In conclusion, the bioenzyme-catalyzed methyl esterification of deodorized distillates posses higher esterification rates and yields of vitamin E and phytosterols.

建立了一种天然维生素E油连续通过颗粒活性炭的固定床吸附工艺，从而实现有效脱除其中含有的微量多环芳烃（PAHs）。通过单因素实验分别考察了料液比、体系温度、物料在填料中的吸附时间对PAH4（苯并（a）芘、苯并（a）蒽、苯并（b）荧蒽、）脱除效果的影响，并通过正交实验进行了工艺条件优化。同时，考察了PAH4脱除过程对天然维生素 E含量的影响。结果表明：以95%乙醇为溶剂，料液比（天然维生素E油与溶剂比）1∶ 3，体系温度40 ℃，在以颗粒活性炭为填料的固定床内吸附4 h的条件下，可使天然维生素E油中PAH4的残留量降至7.3 μg/kg（其中苯并（a）芘含量为1.8 μg/kg），符合欧盟标准要求的苯并(a)芘含量小于或等于2 μg/kg，PAH4含量小于或等于10 μg/kg的限量标准，且采用该PAH4脱除工艺后维生素 E的含量没有受到明显影响。A method of continuously removing PAH4 from natural tocopherol oil through a fixed bed with granular activated carbon was established.The effects of ratio of material to solvent, system temperature and adsorption time on the removal effect of PAH4 were studied by single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment, and the effect of removal process on the content of natural tocopherol was investigated. The results showed that when 95% ethanol was used as solvent, the ratio of natural tocopherol oil to solvent was 1∶ 3, system temperature was 40 ℃ and stayed in a fixed bed filled with granular activated carbon for 4 h, the content of PAH4 in natural tocopherol oil was 7.3 μg/kg (benzo(a)-pyrene content 1.8 μg/kg), which could meet the EU limit standard(benzo(a)-pyrene content less than and equal to 2 μg/kg, PAH4 content less than and equal to 10 μg/kg), and the content of tocopherol was not significantly affected by the removal process.

臺灣的十二年國民基本教育課程綱要將探究納為中小學的核心課程之一，許多前導學校被官方指派發展示範性探究課程。由於探究是一個可同時指涉不同意涵的字詞，教師可能因對探究的認識不一，而在嘗試合作實施探究教學的過程中遭遇困難。發掘不同學科背景教師對「探究」概念之差異，使師資培育單位 / 師資培育相關教師以之規劃合適的教師專業發展活動。本研究旨在探索實際開發示範性課程的情境與過程中，教師對探究與探究教學的看法與實務。我們於一所開發並試行跨學習領域探究課程的前導高中，對課程開發團隊中十一位不同學科背景（歷史、地理、公民、資訊、生物、物理和化學）的教師進行半結構訪談。繼而運用開放編碼技術分析訪談轉錄稿、教案與課室錄影。訪談結果發現，多數教師認為探究是問題解決。然而，自然科學教師視探究為方法，社會科學教師視探究為過程。自然科學教師通常會設計情境，讓學生確認研究問題並執行研 究，且認為英文閱讀理解是進行探究的必要技能；時間是其發展課程時的主要考量。社會科學教師傾向於提供問題並引導討論；特定主題的專業諮詢為其進行課程發展之主要需求。課室觀察結果顯示傳統講述平均佔三成以上的課程時間，操作或執行研究是自然科學課程的主要探究活動。研究建議，相關師資培育單位 / 師資培育相關教師應深化教師探究相關知識，並根據教師持有的學科特質觀點協助他們進行相關專業發展。 All elementary, junior high and senior high schools must provide inquiry as one of the core requirements according to the 12-year curriculum for basic education. Several pioneer schools were officially appointed to develop exemplary inquiry courses. On the account of inquiring being a term that connotes different meanings at the same time, teachers may encounter many challenges when they attempt teaching collaboratively due to their different views about inquiry. Exploring different beliefs of teachers teaching different subjects allows educators to provide appropriate professional development activities. This study explored the views and practices of inquiry and inquiry-based instruction of teachers in the context and process of developing exemplary courses. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 11 teachers with different subject backgrounds (history, geography, citizenship, information technology, physics, chemistry, and biology) in a pioneer high school, where cross-learning areas inquiry courses were developed and piloted. We then applied the open coding technique to analyze interview transcripts, teaching plans, and class videos from these teachers. Findings from interviews show that most teachers considered inquiry as a form of problem solving. Nevertheless, natural science teachers viewed inquiry as a process, whereas social science teachers equated inquiry as content. Most natural science teachers preferred offering contextualized learning activities for students to frame research questions and conduct investigations. They also considered reading comprehension in English as the main threshold for retrieving references, and time and equipment were critical factors for curriculum development. Social science teachers usually emphasized providing research questions and guiding a whole-class discussion. Moreover, professional consultation on specific topics was a major demand for curriculum development. The results from classroom observation reveal that teachers spent more than 30% of classroom time on traditional didactic instruction. In addition, carrying out investigations was the main inquiry activities of natural science classes. We suggest that teacher educators should deepen schoolteachers’ epistemic knowledge and provide them with professional development activities in accordance with their views about the peculiarity of the discipline.

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BACKGROUND: Degenerative scoliosis is defined as a condition that occurs in adulthood with a coronal cobb angle of the spine >10° accompanied by sagittal deformity and rotational subluxation, which often produces symptoms of spinal cord and nerve compression, such as lumbar pain, lower limb pain, numbness, weakness, and neurogenic claudication. The finite element method is a mechanical analysis technique for computer modelling, which can be used for spinal mechanics research by building digital models that can realistically restore the human spine model and design modifications. OBJECTIVE: To review the application of finite element method in the etiology and treatment of degenerative scoliosis. METHODS: The literature databases CNKI, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched for articles on the application of finite element method in degenerative scoliosis published before October 2023. Search terms were “finite element analysis, biomechanics, stress analysis, degenerative scoliosis, adult spinal deformity” in Chinese and English. Fifty-four papers were finally included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The biomechanical findings from the degenerative scoliosis model constructed using the finite element method were identical to those from the in vivo experimental studies, which proves that the finite element method has a high practical value in degenerative scoliosis. (2) The study of the etiology and treatment of degenerative scoliosis by the finite element method is conducive to the prevention of the occurrence of the scoliosis, slowing down the progress of the scoliosis, the development of a more appropriate treatment plan, the reduction of complications, and the promotion of the patients’ surgical operation. (3) The finite element method has gradually evolved from a single bony structure to the inclusion of soft tissues such as muscle ligaments, and the small sample content is increasingly unable to meet the research needs. (4) The finite element method has much room for exploration in degenerative scoliosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of a combination therapy using Jinghong decoc- tion and metformin sustained-release tablet in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods A total of 100 patients with clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients from our center were randomly assigned into three groups: control group 1 (treated with metformin sustained-release tablet), control group 2 (treated with traditional Chinese medicine Jinghong decoction), and the observation group (treated with a combination of Jinghong decoction and metformin sustained-release tablet). The group sizes were 30,30, and 40, respectively. Results The effective rate in the observation group was 90.0%, significantly higher than 70.0% and 13.3% in control groups 1 and 2,respectively, with statistical significance (P<0.05). Post-treatment, the observation group showed lower blood glucose levels compared to the control groups, with statistical significance (P< 0.05). Additionally, adverse reactions were milder in the observation group based on observations. Conclusion The combination of Jinghong decoction and metformin sustained-release tablet effectively im- proves clinical symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus with fewer adverse effects, suggesting its potential for widespread clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Nonferrous Metals (Mineral Processing Section) is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Modern Preventive Medicine is the property of Modern Preventive Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The results of hydrodynamic model experiment of otter board will have different degree of test deviation due to various factors such as processing method and structure simplification. In order to explore the influence mechanism of the processing materials of the otter board model on the hydrodynamic experiment, the double-slit rectangular curved otter board was selected as the research object. Based on the fluid-structure coupling algorithm combined with the flume tank model experiment, the influence on the hydrodynamic experiment and its structural response difference between the three 3D printing materials otter board and the traditional steel materials otter board was analyzed. The results show that there are significant differences in structural response and hydrodynamic performance between the traditional metal (Steel) and non-metal (ABS) models. With the increase of the angle of attack and the flow rate, the maximum deformation of the otter board increases, and the difference of lift coefficient and drag coefficient also increases. Due to the large elastic modulus and strong rigidity of PVC material, the structural response is close to that of metal material, so it has little influence on the results of hydrodynamic experiment. Based on the above results, PVC can be used as the 3D printing material to ensure the accuracy of the model and reduce the influence of the model material on the accuracy of the hydrodynamic experiment results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To explore the effect of succinate / G protein coupled receptor 91 (GPR91) on mitochondria in vascular endothelial cells and its regulatory mechanisms. Methods Transmission electron microscopy, Western blot and fluorescence microscopy were used to observe the effects of succinate analogues diethyl succinate ( DS), GPR91 agonist and inhibitor on the mitochondrial morphology, cristae, cristate homeostasis related proteins reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, Ca2+ concentration, mitochondrial membrane potential, the expression of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) and oxidized coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). Fluorescence probes were used to observe the effect of DHODH inhibitor and CoQ10 on ROS level and Ca2+ concentration of endothelial cells. Results After DS treatment, the mitochondria showed pyknosis and mitochondrial volume significantly decreased, electron density of the mitochondrial membrane increased, and the number of cristae decreased in endothelial cells; the expression of cristae homeostasis related proteins MIC60 decreased by 23%, while cellular ROS level and Ca2+ concentration increased; mitochondrial membrane potential decreased (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). After GPR91 agonist treatment, the expression of cristae homeostasis related proteins MIC60 decreased by 31%, meanwhile, cellular ROS level increased by 27% and Ca2+ concentration increased by 36% ; mitochondrial membrane potential decreased (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). After GPR91 inhibitor treatment, the expression of cristae homeostasis related proteins MIC60 increased by 22% and ATP5I increased by 40% ; the levels of ROS decreased by 41% and Ca2+ concentration decreased by 67% ; and the mitochondrial membrane potential was restored to normal (P< 0. 05 or P<0. 01). After DS treatment, the expression of DHODH decreased by 43% and the level of oxidized CoQ10 increased by 120% (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). After GPR91 agonist treatment, the expression of DHODH decreased by 22% and the level of oxidized CoQ10 increased by 36% (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). After GPR91 inhibitor treatment, the expression of DHODH increased by 40% and the level of oxidized CoQ10 decreased by 39% (P<0. 01). After DHODH inhibitor treatment, the ROS level increased by 20% and Ca2+ concentration increased by 28%, and mitochondrial membrane potential reduced at same time (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). Exogenous oxidized CoQ10 inhibited ROS production by 30% and decreased Ca2+ concentration by 20% (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). Conclusion Succinate / GPR91 promotes mitochondrial damage in endothelial cells, and its mechanism may relate to down-regulating the expression of DHODH and inhibiting the reduction of CoQ10 by affecting the mitochondrial cristae homeostasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Engineering Science Research & Application is the property of Omniscient Pte. Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

諸多研究建議輔以網路社群促進實體教師社群的專業學習，文獻指出運用社會資本的觀點，有助於顯示社群內部如何透過社會互動、認知互動，以創造社群的價值，然而其效益仍有待系統化的探討。本研究旨在基於社會資本的觀點，視覺化分析不同領導行為的校內專業學習社群，其延伸運用 Facebook 社團功能之運作情形，以及個人專業成長之情形。由於相關研究顯示不同領導行為影響教師專業學習社群之運作效能，本研究針對同 儕式校長領導型、教師領導型兩種不同領導行為的小學教師專業學習社群，分別蒐集為期一年的線上發表討論、線上回應文字、文件分析、與教師晤談，並透過社會資本理論中的結構、關係、認知三大面向，結合學科教學知識形成分析架構。結果顯示，不同領導行為的 Facebook 社團中，皆符合教師專業學習社群的五個重要特徵。於結構面向，兩校皆以網路連繫作為 Facebook 社團的支持性條件；於關係面向，以能量與參與的視覺化互動圖，可觀察社群成員彼此互動情形，不同 Facebook 社團領導行為的兩校仍致力達成共享領導；於認知面向，不同領導行為會引向不同的共享願景，因而產生不同途徑的集體學習，以及不同類別的共享個人實務經驗。本研究的發現與建議可作為未來分析與實 施教師專業學習社群結合線上社群之參考。 Many studies have suggested that school-based professional learning communities (PLCs) should create online communities to promote teachers’ professional learning, but this topic still needs to be investigated more systematically. The purpose of this study is based on the social capital theory and visualization to analyze effectiveness in Facebook (FB) groups under two kinds of leadership styles and professional development among these teachers. Participants were the teachers of FB groups in two elementary schools in central Taiwan. Data collected for this study included posts and comments on Facebook, meeting recordings, curriculum documents, and individual interviews over a one-year period. Data were analyzed based on the theory of social capital and the concept of pedagogical content knowledge. Results indicate that the FB groups of the two kinds of leadership styles corresponded with the five key characteristics of the PLC model. In the dimension of structural social capital, network ties provided supportive conditions in both FB groups. In the dimension of relational social capital, it was possible to observe the interactions between members with a visualization diagram of energy and engagement, and PLCs of different kinds of leadership behaviors were still committed to the shared and supportive leadership in Facebook groups. In the dimension of cognitive social capital, different shared visions in the two FB groups led to different paths of intentional collective learning as well as different types of shared personal practice experiences. The implications of this study are of importance to educators and policymakers who are interested in using FB for professional development among elementary teachers.

随着智能交通的发展，快速、精确识别交通场景成为亟待解决的重要问题。目前已有许多识别方法可以提高交通场景的识别效果，但这些算法无法提取视觉概念的交通语义特征，导致识别精度低下。为此，设计了一种提取高维场景语义特征和结构信息的识别算法，以提高识别精度。为减少图像高维与低维特征表示之间的“语义鸿沟”，首先构建了一个场景类的语义描述系统，然后通过最小化损失（element-wise logistic loss）函数训练多标签分类网络，获取交通场景图像的高维特征表示，最后在4个大规模场景识别数据集上进行验证，实验结果显示，新算法在识别性能上优于其他的方法。