To explore the best intercropping method of millet and soybean under interfilm cultivation conditions in the loess hilly-gully region of northern Shaanxi, a single-factor randomized block experimental design was used to set up 5 treatments,including 2 rows of millet with 2 rows of soybean intercropping(I22), 2 rows of millet with 4 rows of soybean intercropping(I24),4 rows of millet with 2 rows of soybean intercropping(I42), millet in single cropping（SG）, and soybean in single cropping（SD）.Characteristics such as dry matter accumulation and distribution, interspecific competitiveness, and their effects on the yield of millet and soybean under different intercropping patterns were analyzed. The results showed as follows. The dry matter accumulation of millet was significantly increased by the three intercropping treatments, and it was significantly higher in the I24treatment than that in the I42 treatment. At the booting stage, the dry matter allocation ratio to leaves was greater than that to stems. At the maturity stage, the dry matter allocation ratio to spikes was greater than that to leaves and stems. The dry matter allocation ratios of the three intercropping treatments were significantly higher than those of the single cropping, with I24 and I22treatments being significantly higher than the I42 treatment. The dry matter accumulation of soybean was significantly increased by the three intercropping treatments. At the flowering stage, the dry matter allocation ratio to leaves was greater than that to stems.At the maturity stage, the allocation ratio to pods was greater than that to the stems and leaves. Among the three intercropping treatments, the pod allocation ratios were significantly higher than those of the single cropping, with no significant differences observed among the intercropping treatments themselves. The land equivalent ratio for the I24 and I42 intercropping treatments was 1.10 and 1.06, respectively, increasing land productivity by 6%-10% and highlighting the benefits of intercropping. The I22intercropping treatment had a land equivalent ratio of 1.00, indicating no intercropping advantage. Under the intercropping treatments, millet demonstrated stronger interspecific competitiveness（AG＞0） and a higher yield nutrient competition ratio（CRG＞1） than soybean. The I24 treatment had significantly lower interspecific competition than the I42 and I22 treatments. In conclusion,the 2 rows of millet with 2 rows of soybean intercropping was the most effective millet soybean intercropping method in the loess hilly-gully region of northern Shaanxi. MoreReset [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]