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Melanoma is the most aggressive skin malignant tumor, which is prone to early metastasis and relapse after treatment. Therapeutic tumor vaccines are new immunotherapies, which have the advantages of low toxicity and inhibiting tumor metastasis. Melanoma has a high mutation load and a large number of specific antigens. Currently, various types of tumor vaccines have been developed for melanoma, especially those based on dendritic cells (DC). Although the efficacy of therapeutic DC vaccines in melanoma has been confirmed by a number of studies, these vaccines still have problems such as insufficient immune effect and poor efficacy when used alone, and there is still a large room for improvement. In this paper, the current research status of therapeutic DC vaccines for melanoma was reviewed, and the research key points and optimization strategy of therapeutic DC tumor were prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the starting point of pharmaceutical care by clinical pharmacists for patients after heart valve replacement. Methods Combined with typical cases, the content, focus and effects of pharmaceutical care for patients after heart valve replacement were summarized. Results Clinical pharmacists provided pharmaceutical services such as anticoagulant care and warfarin dosage adjustment, infection monitoring and rational use and care of antibacterial, perioperative airway management, stress ulcer (SU) prevention and pharmaceutical care, and warfarin medication education for patients, which had promoted the rational use of drugs and improved the treatment results of patients. Conclusion Pharmaceutical care by clinical pharmacists could be helpful to improve the safety and efficacy of drug treatment for patients after heart valve replacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mosquitoes are the biological vectors of many diseases. Mosquito-borne infectious diseases are serious public health problems in tropical areas. With the increasing resistance of mosquitoes to insecticides, it becomes difficult to control mosquito-borne infectious diseases. The application of mosquito repellents can not only control the spread of mosquito-borne infectious diseases to a certain extent, but also reduce the use of insecticides and relieve the environmental pressure. This paper introduces and summarizes the research progresses of new mosquito repellents in recent years to provide reference resource for the further development of mosquito repellents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the effects of microneedle-roller insertion times on skin permeation. Methods Tretinoin was used as model drug. The in vitro transdermal characteristics in nude mice were studied with Franz diffusion cell and the tissue homogenization method. The drug distribution in nude mice skin was investigated by methylene blue staining and confocal lasers scanning microscope. The skin irritation was evaluated by trans-epidermal water-loss (TEWL) measurement and laser Doppler flowmetry. Results Within the microneedle roller insertion times 1, 3, 5, 8, and 10, the better penetration effect and drug accumulation in skin were achieved with the increment of insertion times. However, there was no significant difference in the skin accumulation between 8 and 10 times of the insertion(P>0. 05). The results from methylene blue staining and microscope confocal lasers scanning indicated that the uniformity of needle hole distribution was increased with the increased insertion times. However, some needle hole overlap and skin damages were observed from methylene blue staining when insertion times were more than five. The in vivo drug absorption study indicated that the drug accumulation was inhomogeneous in nude mice skin after one treatment. It was significantly improved after three treatments. The results from TEWL measurements suggested that the recovery time of skin barrier function was 24 hours if insertion was less than five times and 36 hours if more than eight times. The results of laser Doppler flowmetry indicated that the recovery time of skin barrier function was 1 hour if insertion times were less than five, and 2 hours if more than eight times. Conclusion The optimal microneedle insertion time was five times, which could ensure the safety and effectiveness of the skin permeation study in nude mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) covers most of the messages from the human DNA without protein-coding potential, which is a wide range of complicated molecules that consist of more than 90% of the whole genomic and present in different forms in the course of pathophysiology of cancers. In 2003, lncRNA MEG3 was firstly discovered as a potential tumor-inhibiting factor of pituitary adenomas. Later on, the roles and mechanisms in the regulation of gene expression, imprinting, transcription, and post-translation of MEG3 in meningioma, hepatocellular cancer, lung cancer, neuroendocrine tumor, prostate cancer and other kinds of tumors were further clarified, indicated that the expression of MEG3 was down-regulated or deficient in a wide range of tumors while the expression up-regulation of MEG was greatly correlated with tumor inhibition. The function of MEG3 and its research progress in tumorigenesis were summarized in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eczema is a common clinical inflammatory skin disease characterized by severe itching and recurrent attacks. Its etiology is complex, including a variety of internal and external factors. The main mechanism is related to the imbalance of Th2 immune response,and related inflammatory factors play an important role. Epithelial-derived factor like thymic stromal lymphopoietin and interleukin-33 could trigger Th2 immune imbalance and promote the secretion of type inflammatory factors such as interleukirr4, interleukin-5, and interleukin-13. These inflammatory factors will further induce eosinophilic granulocytosis and IgE formation. In this paper, the research progress of mechanism of type 2 related inflammatory factors in eczema were reviewed, which provided the great significance for treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional Chinese Medicine cataplasm has remarkable clinical effects with tin; advantages of no liver first -pass and easy to apply. It is one of tin; most promising drug delivery systems following oral and injective administration . In this paper, the matrix components used in the cataplasm and their functions were reviewed. The matrix formulations include skeleton material. thickener, moisturizing agent. crosslinking agent. crosslinking regulator, filler, transdermal promoting agent and other additives. Their definition. functions, varieties. physical and chemical properties, research status and tin; methods of matrix design were summarized. The challenges and prospective developments in matrix formulations were also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the features. general patterns and predisposing factors of adverse drug reactions (ADR ) occurred in our hospital and to provide the guidance for rational and safe use of drugs in clinic. Methods 302 cases of ADR were reported from September 2015 to September 2017 in our hospital. Age distribution. gender, route of administration. drug categories, systems or organs involved , clinical manifestations. adverse reaction types involved in ADRs were analyzed retrospectively. Results Among the 302 ADR reports , 137 cases are male patients (accounting for 45.4% ) and 165 cases were female patients (accounting for 54.6% ). 27.8% of ADR was related to anti-infective agents. 70.2% of ADR came from oral administration and 24.8% ADR was due to intravenous administration. The main clinical manifestations of ADR were lesion of skin and its appendants (61.6% ) and followed by the digestive system injury (15.9% ). G)nclusion The multiple factors may lead to high frequency of ADR. In order to promote rational drug use and reduce the occurrence of ADR , clinicians should pay attention to the ADR monitoring and strictly follow the clinical indications of medications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore clinical features of the patients with drug eruptions, causative drugs and therapy, so as to provide reference for rational medication and reduction of drug eruptions. Methods: The clinical data of 127 patients with drug eruptions hospitalized in Shanghai Hospital of Skin Diseases from December 2014 to December 2016 were collected and a retrospective analysis was made for the study. Results: The drugs that induced drug eruptions were mainly antibacterials (57 cases, 44.9%), traditional Chinese herbal medicine and their preparations (22 cases, 17.32%) and antipyretic analgesics (20 cases, 15.8%),respectiuely. Urticarial drug eruptions (63 cases, 49.61%) was the most common type of drug eruptions, followed by exanthesis (29 cases, 22.83%) and erythema multiforme (18 cases, 14.18%). Of the 119 cases of non-severe drug eruptions, there were 109 cases with hematological abnormality, 42 cases with liver or kidney dysfunctions. Of the 8 cases of severe drug eruptions, there were 7 cases with hematological abnormality and 5 cases with liver or kidney dysfunctions. Conclusion: The most common types of drug eruptions were urticarial and exanthesis eruptions, and the main causative drugs were antibacterials, traditional Chinese herbal medicine and their preparations. Pharmaceutical monitoring of those allergic drugs should be strengthened and awareness of safe medication should be enhanced, so as to minimize the incidence of drug eruptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate opioids utilization of cancer ached inpatients in the integrative traditional Chinese and western medicine hospital and provide suggestion for the rational utilization of opioids. Method DDDs, DUI, the distribution of cancer pain,pain scores of the discharged patients and the utility of opioids were evaluated and analyzed by retrieving the medical records from January in 2013 to December in 2014. Results 292 medical records were selected and analyzed. Among them, 89 patients' pain score≥3.The top opioids of DDDs were sufentanil citrate injection and fentanyl derivatives, which is the main medication in treating the cancer pain patients. And the irrational use of fentanyl transdermal system was a common phenomenon among different departments. Conclusion The utilization of opioids was basically rational, but there still had some deficiencies. The intervention and management of narcotic drugs should be strengthened and deepened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective T o optimize the extraction process and improve the quality of Toufu irrigation. Methods Matrine assay was selected to he the indicator for the extraction efficacy. Orthogonal test was used to determine the optimal water a- mount. extraction time and extraction frequency. Results The best extraction process was to extract 90 minutes twice with the water amount 8 times of the dry herbal material by weight. Conclusion This process is feasible and repeatable. It can be used for the quality control of the preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]