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目的评估术中血浆输注剂量，凝血实验测试值INR对心脏外科手术患者临床预后的影响，为指导心脏外科手术术中合理用血提供依据。方法收集中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院2014年1月至2022年12月期间术中输注新鲜冰冻血浆的305例心脏外科手术患者的临床资料，并根据术中血浆输注剂量分为低剂量组（血浆输注剂量n=214）和高剂量组（血浆输注剂量≥15 mL/kg，n=91）， 并通过单因素，相关性以及Logistic多因素回归分析，探讨血浆输注量，血浆输注前后INR的变化情况与心脏外科手术患者临床预后之间的关系。结果最终共有305例心脏外科手术患者纳入研究分析，所有患者术中血浆输注剂量的中位数（四分位间距）为11.11（8.17~19.05）mL/kg，其中高剂量组与低剂量组患者术中血浆输注剂量的中位数（四分位间距）分别为17.78（15.69~20.91）mL/kg和9.52（7.77~11.43）mL/kg，两者差异具有统计学意义（PPPPP=0.001），OR 95%CI为0.244（0.107， 0.558）。相关性分析显示，术中血浆剂量与心脏外科手术患者术后ICU时间（rs=0.569， Prs=0.302， P

目的建立行游离皮瓣重建术的颌面部恶性肿瘤手术的最大备血量目录（MSBOS），以指导临床医生合理用血以及输血科科学备血。方法收集本院颌面外科2010年1月1日~2020年12月31日围手术期患者的基本资料和输血数据，包括年龄、性别、体质量指数（BMI）、术前血红蛋白值、美国麻醉医师协会（ASA）分级、恶性肿瘤TNM分期系统中T分期、游离皮瓣是否含有骨瓣，手术方式（6类）、申请备血量以及术中用血量等，共纳入颌面外科择期手术1 953例，并通过单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析，筛选出患者围术期输血的独立危险因素，并根据危险因素建立评分标准；根据手术方式将患者分为6大组，通过评分标准进一步将每组患者分为低危、中危和高危组，计算各小组患者术中实际输血量频率的累计百分比，建立颌面外科患者的MSBOS。结果①经回归分析发现BMI、肿瘤T分期、ASA分级、术前血红蛋白（男性Hb＜130 g/L，女性＜120 g/L）、游离皮瓣含骨瓣为围术期输血的独立危险因素。②根据危险因素评分分组后发现各组患者中低危组的输血率最低，但备血输血比最高。③建立本院行游离皮瓣重建术的颌面部恶性肿瘤患者的MSBOS，分析发现建立MSBOS后患者手术前备血总量比建立前理论上可以减少54.35%。结论建立MSBOS不但有益于更科学、合理地指导手术备血，保障手术安全，而且可以优化血液库存管理，尤其对于低危组的患者应当采取保守的备血方案，有效减少过度备血的状况，节约血液资源。

【目的】探讨PD-1抗体联合替莫唑胺治疗晚期黑色素瘤患者的疗效与安全性。【方法】回顾性分析2017年8月至2019年4月在中山大学肿瘤防治中心接受PD-1抗体联合替莫唑胺方案治疗的晚期恶性黑色素瘤患者33例，具体方案为：PD-1抗体［Pembrolizumab2mg/kg，每3周为一个周期；或Nivolumab3mg/kg，每2周为一个周期；或Toripalimab3mg/kg，每2周为一个周期］联合替莫唑胺［200mg（/m2·d），连续口服5d，每28d为一个周期；或75mg（/m2·d），连续口服21d，每28d为一个周期］，至少2个周期（以替莫唑胺周期为准，下同）后评价疗效。应用RECISTv1.1标准评价疗效，不良事件按照NCI-CTCAE4.0分级。【结果】33例患者接受的中位疗程数为替莫唑胺6.0（1~12）个周期和PD-1抗体7.0（1~27）个周期，客观有效率（ORR）为24.2%（肢端型ORR为38.5%），疾病控制率（DCR）为60.6%，中位无进展生存期（mPFS）为4.3月（95%CI，1.3~7.3），中位疾病控制时间（mDDC）为7.5月（95%CI，2.3~12.7），中位缓解持续时间（mDOR）为11.1月（95%CI，5.5~16.6），中位总生存（mOS）尚未达到，1年生存率为86.1%。Kaplan-Meier法生存分析和COX多因素分析均显示影响PFS的因素有PD-L1表达和BARFV600E/K基因突变状态。PD-L1表达阳性患者比阴性患者有更长的PFS（0.05）。常见不良反应包括皮肤瘙痒（30.3%）、皮疹（21.2%）、疲劳（21.2%）、恶心（21.2%）、呕吐（15.2%）、转氨酶升高（15.2%）、胆红素升高（9.1%）等，绝大多数均为1～2级。【结论】PD-1抗体联合替莫唑胺治疗晚期黑色素瘤近期疗效优于单用，尤其是对于肢端型黑色素瘤，安全性高，可在临床进行更加深入的研究和应用。

【目的】探讨卡博替尼联合PD-L1单抗对恶性黑色素瘤小鼠皮下移植瘤生长的影响及作用机制。【方法】利用体外培养的小鼠黑色素瘤细胞B16-F10建立小鼠皮下移植瘤模型，成瘤后将小鼠随机分为盐水对照组、溶剂对照组、PD-L1单抗组、卡博替尼组和卡博替尼联合PD-L1单抗组（联合组）。观察肿瘤生长情况及每2d测量一次肿瘤体积。肿瘤体积达到2000mm3或是组间差距有显著统计学差异时定义为研究终点。达到研究终点后处死小鼠取材，流式细胞学检测肿瘤组织中浸润免疫细胞情况，包括CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞及髓源性抑制细胞（MDSC）。另将体外培养的B16-F10细胞分别经不同药物处理后，行流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况；Western blot检测AKT、p-AKT、mTOR和p-mTOR蛋白表达水平。【结果】B16-F10黑色素瘤移植瘤模型显示，PD-L1单抗组没有明显抑瘤作用，卡博替尼组与联合组均有明显抑瘤效应，联合组抑瘤效果较卡博替尼组更为显著，差异具有统计学意义（P=0.0015）。在体外实验中，药物处理24及48h后流式细胞术检测B16-F10细胞凋亡，结果显示联合组与卡博替尼组相比，B16-F10细胞凋亡比例均显著增高，差异具有统计学意义（24h：P=0.0035；48h：P=0.0029）。Western blot检测显示联合组及卡博替尼组对AKT和mTOR蛋白水平无明显影响，但均可下调p-AKT和p-mTOR蛋白水平，联合组作用更为显著。【结论】卡博替尼联合PD-L1单抗有协同抗肿瘤作用，这种协同抗肿瘤作用机制可能是通过促进B16-F10细胞凋亡及抑制AKT/mTOR通路所致。

【目的】采用二代测序（NGS）检测黏膜黑色素瘤中的295个基因突变情况，分析黏膜黑色素瘤患者的基因突变谱及突变特点，探索潜在治疗靶点。【方法】组织标本来自2017年9月至2018年9月在中山大学肿瘤防治中心生物治疗科就诊的黏膜黑色素瘤患者，于我院分子诊断科行NGS检测295个基因变异。【结果】黑色素瘤主要驱动基因突变频率分别为BRAF20%（5/25），KIT20%（5/25），NRAS12%（3/25），NF18%（2/25）。最常见的基因突变为MYC拷贝数增加（36%，9/25），其次为KDR拷贝数增加，突变率为24%（6/25）。DNA损伤修复，细胞周期，PI3K-mTOR，生长因子受体，MAPK，免疫应答和WNT/NOTCH相关通路广泛存在突变，突变率分别为76%（19/25），72%（18/25），56%（14/25），60%（15/25），36%（9/25），28%（7/25），24%（6/25）。可见多个靶向治疗靶点，如ATM，ATRX，EMSY，FANCI，RAD52，MET，PDGFRA，KDR，FLT4，ALK，ERBB3及ROS1等。【结论】中国黏膜黑色素瘤基因突变谱与皮肤型存在差异，且与西方人群不同，NGS测序可为黏膜黑色素瘤的治疗提供潜在治疗靶点。

【目的】探讨影响可切除的肢端黑色素瘤患者预后的危险因素，建立预测模型并验证其预测价值。【方法】回 顾性分析2001年1月至2011年8月在中山大学肿瘤防治中心接受根治性手术切除的232例肢端黑色素瘤患者的临床病理 特征及术前炎症指标，应用COX比例风险回归模型分析预后影响因素并在此基础上建立预测模型，采用Kaplan-Meier法绘 制生存曲线并对组间差异进行log-rank检验，通过ROC曲线下面积（AUC）评价模型的预测准确度。【结果】通过COX比例风 险回归模型分析显示年龄、LDH、肿瘤分期、球蛋白、CRP为影响患者预后的独立危险因素。根据回归系数β对以上五项因 素赋值并计算每位患者的总评分，按照不同评分进行危险分级：低危组（0-2分）、中危组（3-5分）、高危组（6-9分），三组的5 年总生存率分别为42.9%、25.7%和3.7%，各组的预后具有明显统计学差异（P＜0.001），预测模型ROC 曲线下面积AUC： 0.664（95% CI：0.599-0.724）。【结论】年龄、LDH、肿瘤分期及术前的球蛋白和CRP水平是影响可切除的肢端黑色素瘤患者 预后的独立危险因素。新建立的预测模型能够较好的反应肢端黑色素瘤患者的预后，并且可对不同分期的患者按照危险 度加以区分，是对TNM分期的有益补充，为临床进行分层个体化治疗和预后预测提供参考。

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近年来,来华接受口腔医学本科教育的留学生人数逐渐增加. 新形势下传统教学模式已经不 能满足教学需求,亟需寻找提升口腔医学专业本科留学生教育质量的有效途径. 四川大学华西口腔医院结合 口腔医学专业本科留学生教学现状,将双语教学, PBL 教学, 全过程学习互动小组, 探究式教学, 循序渐进式实 践操作及全过程学业评价的教学模式充分结合应用于口腔医学专业本科留学生的 DentalMaterials, Clinical PharmacyforStomatology课程, 探索多样化教学模式在口腔医学本科留学生教学中的运用策略及重要性, 以 期有效提高口腔医学专业本科留学生教育质量. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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[Objective] To investigate the impact of biopesticides on rice germination, seedling emergence, and the control of rice sheath blight. Three biopesticides and two chemical pesticides were selected for exploration. [Method] Three biopesticides (5% jinggangmycin A soluble powder, 2 billion spores/gram Bacillus amyloliquefaciens wettable powder, and 12% jinggang-mycobacterium wax bud bacterial water agent) and two chemical pesticides (430 g/L propiconazole suspension concentrate and 40% benodanil suspension concentrate) were chosen for safety assessment, indoor toxicity testing against rice sheath blight pathogens, and field efficacy trials. The aim was to determine the preventive effects of the five agents against rice sheath blight and assess their application efficacy in the field.[Result]Indoor toxicity testing revealed that the synergistic effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and jinggangmycin at a ratio of 4∶ 1 was most pronounced. In indoor experiments, germination rates for different rice varieties after three days ranged from 49.33% to 58.67%,seven-day germination rates ranged from 89.00% to 93.00%,and seedling emergence rates in the 14-day potted trials varied from 90.67% to 93.33%.It was concluded that none of the tested agents had a significant impact on rice germination and seedling emergence. Field trials for controlling rice sheath blight indicated a seventh-day field efficacy of 79.61% for the 12% jinggang-mycobacterium wax bud bacterial water agent. The field efficacy of a 430 g/L propiconazole suspension concentrate was 67.38%,and a 40% benodanil suspension concentrate showed a field efficacy of 68.44%. [Conclusion] The biopesticide 12% jinggang-mycobacterium wax bud bacterial water agent can significantly increase crop yield in field trials, which is of great significance for the promotion of agricultural green prevention and control technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Aboveground biomass reflects the growth of vegetation and the magnitude of carbon storage, and the accuracy of this parameter is crucial for carbon cycle research and climate change mitigation. In this study, a new idea of using deep learning to realize banana canopy detection segmentation and aboveground biomass estimation was proposed. Firstly, the deep learning algorithm YOLOv8s-seg was used as the basic framework improvement, and UAV remote sensing images were applied to realize banana canopy detection segmentation. Then, the canopy coverage area of banana trees was extracted, combined with the measured aboveground biomass data for fitting, and the aboveground biomass estimation model of banana was established by linear regression, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), support vector machine, random forest and XGBoost (eXtreme Gradient Boosting）. Finally, the model estimation results were compared and analyzed to determine the optimal model. The results showed that the improved YOLOv8s-seg model can quickly and effectively detect and segment banana canopies. Through verification, it was found that the fitting effect and prediction error of the aboveground biomass estimation model based on XGBoost were better than those of other models, with R2 of 0. 881 4, root mean square error (RMSE) of 231. 37 kg, and mean absolute error (MAE) of 140. 47 kg, which could predict the aboveground biomass more accurately and was more suitable for the inversion of the aboveground biomass of bananas, which further verified the feasibility of using UAV and deep learning methods to extract canopy information to estimate the aboveground biomass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Citrus waste can be reused to promote the value-added of the citrus industry in recent years. Among them, free pectin can be developed to reduce the direct discharge of existing citrus waste for better ecological environments. This study aims to understand the differences in physical and chemical properties, structure, and function of different citrus pectins. The targeted application of pectin was also expanded to improve the added value of citrus by-products. Acid extraction was applied to extract the pectin from the peels of Shangrao pomelo, Gannan navel orange, Nanfeng honey tangerine, Japanese pomelo, small green citrus, and lemon, which were named HMP-1, HMP-2, HMP-3, HMP-4, HMP-5and HMP-6, respectively. A systematic analysis was made to explore the physical and chemical properties, structure, and gel properties of all six HMPs. There was basically a similar with the content of protein, ash, and various monosaccharides in the six HMPs. The results showed that all six HMPs were anionic polysaccharide and high ester pectin, where the esterification degrees ranged from 67.20% to 75.45%. There was a degraded degree during the extraction from the citrus processing by-products, in terms of the physicochemical properties and molecular structures. The molecular weight, viscosity, and molecular chain structure dominated the gel properties of pectins. The HMP-4 shared the largest molecular weight. All six HMPs formed the acid/sugar gels with high strength and intercepted water in a three-dimensional gel network. The better stability still remained after freezing and thawing cycles. The water holding capacity was above 96% in all six HMPs. HMP-1 and HMP-6 with the lower molecular weight shared the highest gel strength above 200°SAG. This was related to the high HG content and the complete molecular structure of HMP-1, as well as the higher RG-I content and branching degree of HMP-6. The weak gel strength of HMP-5 with the high molecular weight and viscosity was related to its molecular chain degradation and low RG-I content. While the HG contents of HMP-2, HMP-3, and HMP-4 were lower than those of HMP-1and HMP-6 and higher than that of HMP-5, where the gel strength was the same. The AFM images showed that the outstanding molecular chain cross-linking appeared in the HMP-1 and HMP-6. Shangrao pomelo and lemon peels were superior raw materials to extract the high methoxyl pectin. The peel pectin of Shangrao pomelo, Gannan navel orange, and lemon were suitable for the stronger gel systems, such as soft candy and jelly, while the peel pectin of Nanfeng honey tangerine, Japanese pomelo, and small green citrus were more suitable for the weaker gel systems (such as jam and yogurt), particularly for the foods that require both pectin and citrus fiber. In addition, the extremely high molecular weight of Japanese pomelo peel pectin was used as a dispersion stabilizer in protein milk beverages, in order to verify the dispersion stability and emulsifying performance. The physical and chemical properties, structure, and functional properties of different citrus pectins can provide a theoretical reference to determine the extraction materials with better gel properties, thus expanding the production and targeted application of pectins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Kunming Medical University / Kunming Yike Daxue Xuebao is the property of Kunming Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Water Conservancy & Electric Power Technology & Application is the property of Omniscient Pte. Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The analytical Preisach model solves the problems of large measurement error and numerical instability caused by discrete Everett function in the Preisach model, but there are many parameters and complicated identification problems in the model. In order to solve these problems, an improved chimp optimization algorithm based on multi-strategy fusion was proposed to achieve fast and accurate parameter identification of analytic Preisach model. Firstly, adaptive weighting factors were introduced to balance the global search and local exploitation capabilities. Secondly, the differential variance strategy was applied to update the position of individual populations, to enhance the exchange of information between individual algorithms and expand the search scope. Finally, a stochastic perturbation strategy using a combination of Cauchy and Gaussian variants was used to further enhance the algorithm’ s ability to jump out of local optima. Combined with the experimental data, genetic algorithm, chimpanzee algorithm and the algorithm proposed were used to identify the parameters of the analytical Preisach model. Based on the identification results, the hysteresis loops of the oriented silicon steel sheets were simulated. By comparing the results of hysteresis loop fitting degree, iteration times and fitness value, it can be seen that the proposed algorithm has the advantages of high identification accuracy and fast convergence speed in the identification of parameters of analytic Preisach model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Nanchang University (Natural Science) is the property of Journal of Nanchang University (Natural Science) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Study on Optical Communications / Guangtongxin Yanjiu is the property of Study on Optical Communications Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Fishery Quality & Standards is the property of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences is the property of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences is the property of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)