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采用核磁共振(NMR)技术对山西省内生产的亚麻籽油进行脂肪酸组成检测及品质鉴别。首先运用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)法确认纯亚麻籽油和掺杂亚麻籽油脂肪酸组成的差异；然后通过核磁共振谱仪确认差异核磁共振氢谱（1H NMR）和碳谱（13C NMR）的特征峰，以快速判别亚麻籽油是否掺杂；最后，采用1H NMR法计算亚麻籽油中的脂肪酸含量，并与国标GC法进行对比。结果表明：与纯亚麻籽油相比，掺杂亚麻籽油中含有花生一烯酸和芥酸；通过花生一烯酸和芥酸1H NMR和13C NMR特征峰可以定性鉴别亚麻籽油是否掺杂；采用1H NMR法计算的亚麻籽油中亚麻酸含量与GC法一致。说明基于NMR技术对亚麻籽油脂肪酸组成进行检测，可以快速鉴别亚麻籽油品质。 The fatty acid composition and quality identification of linseed oil produced in Shanxi province were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Firstly, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was used to detect and confirm the difference in fatty acid composition between pure linseed oil and adulterated linseed oil. Secondly, the characteristic peaks of the different fatty acids in the adulterated linseed oil were identified by the hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (1H NMR) and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (13C NMR) so as to quickly determine whether the linseed oil was adulterated. Finally, the contents of fatty acids in linseed oil were quantitatively calculated by 1H NMR method and national standard GC method, respectively. The results showed that compared with the pure linseed oil, the adulterated linseed oil contained eicosenoic acid and erucic acid; the 1H NMR and 13C NMR characteristic peaks of eicosenoic acid and erucic acid could be used to qualitatively identify whether linseed oil was adulterated; the content of linolenic acid in linseed oil calculated by 1H NMR method was consistent with that by GC method. The detection of fatty acid composition in linseed oil based on NMR technology can quickly identify the quality of linseed oil.

为了提高成形磨齿齿轮的精度,研究了一种通过修整砂轮廓形来补偿齿廓偏差的方法。首先说明了研究此方法的必要性,然后介绍了此方法的原理:用三次B样条曲线对齿形测量数据点进行拟合,求出拟合后的曲线方程,并在此基础上建立了真实的齿面方程求解模型,提出了针对齿廓偏差补偿的用于计算砂轮截形的假想齿面方程。基于同一个齿轮不同齿的测量数据,可得到不同的砂轮截形,为此将所有的砂轮截形组成线族,对线族中的离散点采用最小二乘法进行拟合,拟合之后的砂轮截形为补偿齿廓偏差的最佳截形。最后,通过实验试磨分析,加工出的齿轮经测量齿廓偏差由5级精度提高到了3级精度,并且同时补偿了齿廓倾斜偏差与齿廓形状偏差。

【目的】构建丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）包膜蛋白E2基因的重组原核表达质粒，并获得E2蛋白的高效表达。【方法】通过RT-PCR法从HCV RNA阳性的血清标本中扩增出HCVE2区基因595bp，PCR产物分别经BamHⅠ和Hind Ⅲ双酶切后连接到经同样酶切的原核表达载体PET22b（＋）上，转化大肠杆菌DH5α菌株，获得阳性重组质粒PETB，阳性质粒转化BL21（DE3），IPTG诱导表达，表达产物经SDS-PAGE和Westemblot鉴定。【结果】成功地克隆了HCVE2区基因，构建了其原核表达质粒，并在BL21（DE3）菌中表达HCVE2重组蛋白，Western blot显示表达蛋白具有抗原性。【结论】HCVE2重组蛋白的表达和鉴定为进一步了解HCV糖蛋白E2的功能及其与CD81二者的相互关系打下基础。

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Soil-borne diseases of crops are becoming more and more serious due to the direct return of crop straw and root stubble and the application of many pesticides. In this study, the field experiment was carried out using the self-developed controlled combustion thermal contact killing device. The harmless disposal of stubble/straw was realized for the effective prevention and control of soil-borne diseases. The temperature distribution of flue gas was obtained in the smoke channel and along the grate direction. The temperature increasing level of the preheated air was also determined after passing along the heat exchanger under four conditions. The killing rate of pathogenic fungi and bacteria in soil was evaluated after thermotactic killing. The incidence rate, disease grade and disease index of maize plants were counted to separate and purify the stem base and root of maize plants, and then the morphology was identified preliminarily. Furthermore, the composition and number of microbial communities were determined by molecular biological identification, in order to evaluate and monitor the incidence of soil-borne diseases. Laboratory test results showed that the thermal contact temperature (117-167 ℃) and the air supply temperature (62-172 ℃) were regulated effectively, when the feed speed was 360, 720, 1 080 and 1 800 kg/h. The temperature distribution of flue gas in the smoke channel increased first and then decreased, and the maximum temperature of the furnace reached 479 ℃ during stable combustion, which was beneficial to the combustion efficiency at a high level. The isolation of fungi and bacteria in the thermal contact showed that the bacteria were more resistant to temperature than fungi. The killing rates of bacteria and fungi at 117 ℃ were 53.33% and 33.33%, respectively. Both killing rates reached more than 86% at 132 ℃. There was the relatively consistence at 153 ℃ and 167 ℃, where the killing rate reached 100%, indicating the deep killing. According to the killing rate of colonies combined with the soil organic matter and equipment energy efficiency, 1 080 kg/h was selected as the optimal treatment for the soil-borne diseases of maize after field experiment. The field experiment showed that the corn stem base of the thermal contact treatment group was normal bluish yellow, the root was white, and the ear leaves grew upward, compared with the control group. While the corn stem base of the control group was dark brown, soft and hollow, the root was black brown rot, and the ear leaves withered and drooped. Furthermore, Fusarium spp., Magnaporthiopsis spp., Gaeumannomyces spp., Alternaria spp., Trichoderma spp., and Talaromyces spp. were isolated from the stem base and root of maize. Among them, 44 strains of fungi were isolated from the control group, where only 3 strains were isolated after thermal contact. The fungus strain and speecies of microbial communities (such as Fusarium spp) that caused soil-borne diseases were significantly reduced for the better crop growth. The thermal contact can effectively slow down the soil-borne diseases in the continuous cropping of crops. This finding is of great significance to realize the green prevention and control of soil-borne diseases in crop continuous cropping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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[Objectives]The aim of this study was to isolate a bacteriophage with a broad host range targeting multidrug-resistant Salmonella Enteritidis and to investigate its biological characteristics. [Methods]Fifty-eight fecal samples were collected from a duck farm in Yantai, Shandong Province, and used for isolation of bacteriophages with S. Enteritidis of duck origin, sdc-11, as the host. Morphological feature, temperature and pH stability, optimal multiplicity of infection(MOI)and one-step growth curve of the bacteriophage were analyzed. Its lysis spectrum against 71 Salmonella strains of different serotypes, and its effects on the inhibition of biofilm formation and the removal of mature biofilm of Salmonella sdc-11 were tested. Also, the genome sequencing analysis was performed. [Results]A phage with a long tail was isolated and named YT90. The phage showed a good proliferation ability in the temperature range of 30 to 60 ℃ and within the pH value range of 4 to10, the optimal MOI was 10-5, the latent period was 10 min, the lysis period was 90 min, and the burst size was 278 PFU per infected cell. And 66.7%(14/21)of S. Enteritidis, 66.7%(28/42)of S. Typhimurium and 75.0%(3/4)of S. Pullorum could be lysed by YT90. In 96-well cell plates, the YT90 showed considerable potential in preventing the biofilm formation and clearing the mature biofilm of Salmonella sdc-11. Whole genome analysis showed that the total length of the YT90 genome was 121 240 bp, which did not contain the known virulence factors and drug-resistance related genes, and did not encode integrase. The phylogenetic tree based on the terminase family protein showed that YT90 was closely related to the Salmonella phage GRNsp50 and belonged to the genus Jerseyvirus in the Guernseyvirinae subfamily. [Conclusions]A lytic phage YT90 was isolated from fecal samples of duck, which could lyse different serotypes of Salmonella with strong tolerance, short latent period and large burst size. This phage exhibits excellent application potential in the prevention and treatment of Salmonella infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to determine the ignition characteristics of thermite, the ignition sensitivity of four layered and cloud Al/Fe2O3 thermite with mass ratio of Al and Fe2O3 ( 1∶4, 1∶3, 1∶2, 1∶1) was studied by using the minimum ignition temperature (MIT) and minimum ignition energy (MIE) test device combined with TG‑DSC method. The results show that the MIT of dust layer and dust cloud for 4 kinds of matching samples exceed the conventional test range specified in relevant standards, the triggering temperature of thermite with the mass ratio of 1∶3 in the air is 888 ℃ and the activation energy is 248. 49 kJ/mol, indicating that thermite reaction is not easy to trigger. The MIE of Al/Fe2O3 dust cloud with the same mass ratio is much higher than that of the dust layer, and the minimum MIE of the laminar is 0. 7 J, indicating a higher ignition sensitivity. This is because Fe2O3 acts as an inerting agent in the reaction within the dust cloud state, and provides active oxygen species for the reaction within the dust layer state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of puerarin on the growth performance, slaughtering performance and serum antioxidant indexes of beef cattle. A total of 80 finishing Simmental crossbred beef cattle were selected and stochastically divided into 4 group. The control group was fed a based diet and groups 1, 2, 3 were fed basal diet supplemented with 300, 600, 900 mg/kg of puerarin, and the experimental period was 60 days. The results showed that, the final body weight and average daily weight gain of beef cattle in test groups 2 and 3 were significantly higher than the control group (P< 0.05), and the feed-to-weight ratio was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05), the preslaughter live weight, carcass weight, and ocularis muscle area of beef cattle were significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). The activities of serum glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase of beef cattle were significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05), and the total antioxidant capacity was significantly up-regulated (P<0.05), and malondialdehyde content was significantly reduced (P< 0.05). Serum catalase activity was significantly increased (P<0.05) in beef cattle in group 2 and group 3. In conclusion, the addition of puerarin in the diet of beef cattle can improve the growth performance, slaughter performance and serum antioxidant enzyme activity, and considering the economic benefits. The recommended addition amount of puerarin in the diet is 600 mg/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: In recent years, a great breakthrough has been made in the text generation image problem based on generative adversarial networks (GAN). It can generate corresponding images based on the semantic information of the text, and has great application value. However, the current generated image results usually lack specific texture details, and often have problems such as collapsed modes and lack of diversity. Methods: This paper proposes a determinant point process for generative adversarial networks(GAN-DPP) to improve the quality of the generated samples, and uses two baseline models, Stack-GAN++ and ControlGAN, to implement GAN-DPP. During the training, it uses determinantal point process kernel to model the diversity of real data and synthetic data and encourages the generator to generate diversity data similar to the real data through penalty loss. It improves the clarity and diversity of generated samples, and reduces problems such as mode collapse. No extra calculations were added during training. Results: This paper compares the generated results through indicators. For the inception score, a high value indicates that the image clarity and diversity have improved. On the Oxford-102 dataset, the score of GAN-DPP-S is increased by 3.1% compared with StackGAN++, and the score of GAN-DPPC is 3.4% higher than that of ControlGAN. For the CUB dataset, the score of GAN-DPP-S increased by 8.2%, and the score of GAN-DPP-C increased by 1.9%. For the Fréchet Inception Distance score, the lower the value, the better the quality of image generation. On the Oxford-102 dataset, the score of GANDPP-S is reduced by 11.1%, and the score of GAN-DPP-C is reduced by 11.2%. For the CUB dataset, the score of GAN-DPP-S is reduced by 6.4%, and the score of GAN-DPP-C is reduced by 3.1%. Conclusions: The qualitative and quantitative comparative experiments prove that the proposed GAN-DPP method improves the performance of the generative confrontation network model. The image texture details generated by the model are more abundant, and the diversity is significantly improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevant standards at home and abroad offer the calculation method for explosion venting area（EVA） of individual equipment, but there is a notable absence of guidelines for interconnected equipment. By means of FLACS numerical simulation, taking corn starch as the explosion medium, the reduced explosion pressure（REP） and rate of pressure rise in the connected equipment are simulated and explored. The results show that when the length of the pipe is fixed, the maximum REP in the booster vessel decreases with the increasement of the EVA. When the same EVA is set, the maximum REP in the booster vessel increases with the increase of the pipe length, and the time to reach the maximum REP value also delays. The minimum safe EVA required for the booster vessel is larger than that of the single equipment with same size, indicating that the calculation formula of the EVA of the single equipment is unreliable for the connected equipment. Through numerical fitting, the EVA calculation formula for single equipment in the standard was modified to meet the requirement of connected equipment. The research results provide reference for explosion-proof design for connected system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: To investigate the effects of different doses of penehyclidine hydrochloride before anesthesia induction on oxidative stress, serum S100β, neuron-specific enolase（NSE） and brain-derived neurotrophic factor（BDNF） in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy（LC). Methods: 150 elderly patients who underwent elective LC in our hospital from January 2019 to December 2022 were divided into high dose group（penehyclidine hydrochloride 0.015 mg/kg), middle dose group（penehyclidine hydrochloride 0.01mg/kg） and low dose group（penehyclidine hydrochloride 0.005 mg/kg） according to the random number table method,with 50 cases in each group.The hemodynamic indexes [heart rate（HR), mean arterial pressure（MAP)], oxidative stress indexes [superoxide dismutase（SOD), malondialdehyde（MDA） and total antioxidant capacity（T-AOC)], serum levels of S100β, NSE and BDNF, incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction（POCD） and incidence of adverse reactions were compared among three groups. Results:HR and MAP in middle dose group were lower than those in low dose group and high dose group from 5 min after laryngeal mask placement（T1） to 10 min after stopping pneumoperitoneum（T4）（P＜0.05). The MDA in middle dose group was lower than that in low dose group and high dose group, and the SOD and T-AOC were higher than those in low dose group and high dose group（P＜0.05). S100β and NSE in middle dose group were lower than those in low dose group and high dose group, and BDNF was higher than that in low dose group and high dose group（P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions among three groups（P＞0.05). The incidence of POCD in middle dose group was lower than that in low dose group and high dose group（P＜0.05). Conclusion: The application of 0.01 mg/kg penehyclidine hydrochloride before anesthesia induction in elderly LC patients, which can effectively maintain hemodynamic stability and reduce the degree of oxidative stress and brain injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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