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Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Prevention & Treatment For Stomatological Diseases is the property of Journal of Prevention & Treatment For Stomatological Diseases Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Laboratory Animal & Comparative Medicine is the property of Laboratory Animal & Comparative Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to realize the stable operation of the kerosene/oxygen-enriched air rotating detonation combustion, the influence of total inlet temperature on the flowfield and combustion characteristics was explored. In this paper, a liquid kerosene/oxygen-enriched air rotating detonation combustor is designed. The non-reacting and reacting flowfied is simulated with the Euler-Lagrange algorithm. Results show that with the increase of the total inlet temperature, the fuel atomization and mixing effect shows a parabolic trend. At 1 150 K, the fuel evaporation rate is the highest (99.2%), and the blending uniformity is 50.3%. Under the condition that the total inlet temperature exceeds 650 K, a stable rotating detonation wave can be achieved. The total inlet temperature has a significant impact on the propagation mode of the detonation wave. The total inlet temperature is beneficial for the formation of the multi-wave mode of detonation. With the increase of the number of detonation wave, the pressure, wave velocity and detonation wave height of a single wave decrease, and the stability of the overall detonation wave is significantly improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Improving the reproducibility of biomedical research results is a major challenge. Transparent and accurate reporting of the research process enables readers to evaluate the reliability of the research results and further explore the experiment by repeating it or building upon its findings. The ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines, released in 2019 by the UK National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), provide a checklist that is applicable to any in vivo animal research report. These guidelines aim to improve the standardization of experimental design, implementation, and reporting, as well as enhance the reliability, repeatability, and clinical translation of animal experimental results. The use of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines not only enriches the details of animal experimental research reports, ensuring that information on animal experimental results is fully evaluated and utilized, but also enables readers to understand the content expressed by the author accurately and clearly, promoting the transparency and completeness of the fundamental research review process. At present, the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines have been widely adopted by international biomedical journals. This article is based on the best practices following the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines in international journals, and it interprets, explains, and elaborates in Chinese the fifth part of the comprehensive version of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines published in PLoS Biology in 2020 (the original text can be found at https://arriveguidelines.org). This section includes the items 6-11 of Recommended 11 section, covering "Animal Care and Monitoring", "Interpretation/Scientific Implications", "Generalisability/Translation", "Protocol Registration", "Data Access" and "Declaration of Interests". Its aim is to promote a comprehensive understanding and use of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines among domestic researchers, to enhance the standardization of experimental animal research and reporting, and to promote high-quality development of experimental animal sciences and comparative medicine research in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Clinical Healthcare is the property of Chinese Journal of Clinical Healthcare and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Soochow University Educational Science Edition is the property of Soochow University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Engineering Management & Technology Discussion is the property of Omniscient Pte. Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Urban Architecture & Development is the property of Omniscient Pte. Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Improving the reproducibility of biomedical research results is a major challenge. Transparent and accurate reporting of the research process enables readers to evaluate the reliability of the research results and further explore the experiment by repeating it or building upon its findings. The ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines, released in 2019 by the UK National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), provide a checklist applicable to any in vivo animal research report. These guidelines aim to improve the standardization of experimental design, implementation, and reporting, as well as the reliability, repeatability, and clinical translatability of animal experimental results. The use of ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines not only enriches the details of animal experimental research reports, ensuring that information on animal experimental results is fully evaluated and utilized, but also enables readers to understand the content expressed by the author accurately and clearly, promoting the transparency and integrity of the fundamental research review process. At present, the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines have been widely adopted by international biomedical journals. This article is a Chinese translation based on the best practices of international journals following the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines in international journals, specifically for the complete interpretation of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines published in the PLoS Biology journal in 2020 (original text can be found at https://arriveguidelines.org). The fourth part of the article includes the items 1-5 of ARRIVE 2.0 Recommended 11 section, which covers "Abstract" "Background" "Objectives" "Ethical statement" and "Housing and husbandry". Its aim is to promote the full understanding and use of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines by domestic researchers, enhance the standardization of experimental animal research and reporting, and promote the high-quality development of experimental animal technology and comparative medicine research in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Railway Signalling & Communication Engineering is the property of Railway Signalling & Communication Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Medical Sciences) is the property of Xian Jiaotong University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein （MLKL） serves as the terminal effector in the necroptosis pathway. Upon phosphorylation by receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 （RIPK3）, MLKL translocates to the plasma membrane, compromising the membrane integrity, thus inducing lytic cell death. This process epitomizes the classical mechanism of MLKL-driven necroptosis. Additionally, MLKL possesses several non-necroptotic functions, such as the regulation of autophagy and endosomal transport. This review summarizes the structural characteristics of MLKL, its mechanism in mediating necroptosis and recent research advances in its non-necroptotic functions, as well as the diverse functionalities of MLKL in connection with its phosphorylation sites, subcellular location, and non-RIPK3-dependent activation pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Applied Chemical Industry is the property of Shaanxi Research Design Insitute of Petroleum & Chemical Industry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rolling Stock (1002-7602) is the property of Rolling Stock Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science Technology & Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Technology Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To explore the effects of Baduanjin combined with resistance exercise on glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and quality of life in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods: 238 cases of elderly patients with T2DM who were treated in our hospital from April 2021 to May 2022 were selected. According to the method of random number table, they were divided into the control group (on the basis of conventional treatment, they received resistance exercise intervention, 119 cases) and the combined group (on the basis of the control group, they received Baduanjin intervention, 119 cases). The improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and quality of life in the two groups were observed. Results: 12 weeks after intervention, body mass index and waist hip ratio in the combined group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). 12 weeks after intervention, fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 h postprandial blood glucose (2hPG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) in the combined group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). 12 weeks after intervention, high- density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the combined group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), while low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) were lower than those in the control group. 12 weeks after intervention, malondialdehyde (MDA) in the combined group was lower than that in the control group, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). 12 weeks after intervention, the scores of all dimensions of the MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) in the combined group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Baduanjin combined with resistance exercise in elderly patients with T2DM can effectively improve the oxidative stress, glucose and lipid metabolism, and improve the quality of life of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Neurosurgery / Linchuang Shenjingwaike Zazhi is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Clinical Neurosurgery and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology is the property of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology Periodical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Spinal cord injury can result in severe damage to axons and neuronal death, leading to permanent loss of motor and/or sensory function. At present, the treatment methods for spinal cord injury are still very limited. As a non-cellular therapy, exosomes have attracted much attention due to their powerful biological activities, and have the potential to become an emerging treatment option for spinal cord injury. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of Schwann cell-derived exosomes on nerve axons after spinal cord injury in mice. METHODS: Thirty C57 mice were randomly divided into sham group, Schwann cell-derived exosome treatment group and PBS control group (n=10 per group). The clamp injury was conducted on Schwann cell-derived exosome treatment group and PBS control group. After injury for 24 hours, the mice in the Schwann cell-derived exosome treatment group were injected with exosomes derived from Schwann cells via the caudal vein, and the mice in the PBS control group were injected with PBS via the caudal vein, three times a week for 4 weeks, 25 μL/mice (0.1 g/L) each time. Mice were sacrificed 24 hours after the last injection. After removing the spine, tissue one centimeter above and below the injury site of the spinal cord was isolated for fixation, dehydration, embedding and sectioning. The recruitment of CD31-positive vascular endothelial cells and FSP1-positive fibroblasts in the injured area, as well as the survival of NF200 positive axons was observed by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the PBS control group, the number of CD31-positive endothelial cells was decreased (P < 0.01) and the number of FSP1-positive fibroblasts in the injured area was decreased in the mice treated with Schwann cell-derived exosomes (P < 0.05). The number of NF200- positive axons was increased in the Schwann cell-derived exosome treatment group compared with the PBS control group (P < 0.01). These results suggest that Schwann cell-derived exosomes can reduce the recruitment of angiogenesis and scar formation cells in the area after spinal cord injury and promote the recovery of nerve axons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To investigate the impact of Bifidobacterium MIMBb75 on ulcerative colitis (UC) mice by regulating vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)/cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. BALB/c mice were randomly separated into normal control (NC) group, colitis model (UC) group, Mesalazine group, MIMBb75 low and high dose groups, Methods: MIMBb75 high dose combined VIP antagonist group, and MIMBb75 high dose combined MHY1485 group (10 per group), except for the NC group, 5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) was applied to induce the UC model. After the treatment, the general condition and UC disease activity index (DAI) of the mice were observed, and then pathological injury of intestinal tissues, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in colon tissue, intestinal microflora diversity (Chao index, Shannon index and Simpson index), VIP, cAMP, PKA and the mRNA and protein levels of VIP, cAMP, PKA, aquaporin 3 (AQP3), mTOR, ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K1) in colon tissue were detected. Compared with UC group, the weight of mice increased, DAI score decreased, histopathological injury improved, colon length increased, MPO activity decreased, and Chao index, Shannon index and Simpson index increased in MIMBb75 low-dose group, high-dose group and Mesalazine group, the mRNA levels of VIP, cAMP, PKA, AQP3, the expression of VIP, cAMP and AQP3 protein and the phosphorylation level of PKA increased, while the phosphorylation levels of mTOR and S6K1 mRNA and protein decreased (P<0.05). Results: Compared with mimb75 high dose group, the mRNA levels of VIP, cAMP, PKA and AQP3 and the expression of VIP, cAMP and AQP3 protein and the phosphorylation level of PKA in MIMBb75 high dose combine VIP antigonist group decreased (P<0.05). The phosphorylation levels of mTOR and S6K1 mRNA and protein increased in MIMBb75 high dose combine MHY1485 group (P<0.05). VIP antigonist and MHY1485 could reverse the protective effect of MIMBb7 on UC mice, aggravate the colonic injury and increase the MPO activity (P<0.05). Conclusion: Bifidobacterium can improve colon damage and increase the diversity of intestinal flora in UC mice, which may be related to activation of VIP/cAMP/PKA pathway and inhibition of mTOR pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics is the property of Piezoelectric & Acoustooptic and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There are some problems in historical flight data, such as position overlap in wide area spatial path recognition, similar flight implementation trend and unclear characteristics. In order to solve the above problems and improve the mathematical description, the multi-dimensional flight template was used to obtain the data characteristics of each stage, and the 4DDW (4D dynamic warping) was used to establish the fusion model to realize the flight path interval design and complete the time prediction comparison strategy. The results show that 4ddw can calculate and obtain the refined flight path for each flight stage. When processing the spatial position point prediction, through the buffer value recommendation and threshold introduction of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), the range of aircraft position interval is effectively controlled, and the convergence and multi-dimensional accuracy of the flight path optimization conclusion are improved. The comparative experiment proves that 4DDW has a significant effect on the optimization of operating standards and the improvement of capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Porosity is a key parameter for exploration and evaluation of shale gas reservoirs. Rapid and accurate determination of shale porosity is crucial for reserve calculation. At present, there are helium gas method, liquid saturation method and image analysis method applied to shale porosity determination, but the comparison between methods and laboratories is lacking. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the applicability of different methods for determining shale porosity. METHODS: The characteristics of 69 shale samples from the Longmaxi Formation were studied by analyzing and testing techniques such as X-ray diffraction, argon ion polishing-scanning electron microscopy, and mercury injection-nitrogen adsorption method. Comparison experiments for porosity measurement were conducted among helium method, liquid saturation method and image analysis method. RESULTS: The Longmaxi Formation shale had high clay content, many organic pores, small pore throats, and poor seepage capacity, which made it difficult for foreign liquids and gases to quickly enter the pores, which required high resolution of core image data. The liquid saturation method (alcohol method) used 20 MPa pressure to saturate the sample for 24 hours, resulting in core damage, and the measured porosity deviated from the true value. The image analysis method ignored the micropores (pore size <2 nm) and mesopores (pore size <50 nm) in the mineral matrix and other factors, making the porosity measurement result unreliable. The porosity measurement result of the helium method was closely related to the drying temperature and stabilization time. The higher the temperature, the larger the measured porosity, and if the stabilization time is too short, the porosity result will be smaller than the real values. CONCLUSIONS: After drying the core at 60℃ for more than 24 hours to a constant weight, by setting a reasonable stabilization time, accurate porosity results can be obtained by the helium method. Properly increasing the injection pressure helps to speed up the experimentation rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science Technology & Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Technology Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Mental Health Journal / Zhongguo Xinli Weisheng Zazhi is the property of Chinese Mental Health Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Mechanical Engineering is the property of Editorial Board of China Mechanical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Chongqing University of Posts & Telecommunications (Natural Science Edition) is the property of Chongqing University of Posts & Telecommunications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

菲尔新型冠状病毒肺炎救治医疗队中,抽调到重症监护病房(ICU)病房的非重症专科护士相对于其他护理人 員面临更大的心理压力。该文通过作者自身参与及体会,对非重症专科护士抽调到 ICU 后压力状态下的言行舉止特点､心理压 力形成的相关因素及应对策略进行了分析和分享,为应激社态下ICU特殊护理人群身心健康的维护、重在怎者安全的保障及升 症护理应急机动队伍的建设提供参考。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Evaluation & Analysis of Drug-Use in Hospitals of China is the property of Evaluation & Analysis of Drug-Use in Hospitals of China Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)