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本申请公开了一种垂直轴风力发电机，具体为一种液体浮式垂直轴风力发电机，其包括能够绕其中心轴旋转的碗状浮式基座；通过至少一个支承部件与碗状浮式基座连接的多个捕风叶片，多个捕风叶片由碗状浮式基座支承；以及垂直轴支座，以同心于碗状浮式基座的中心轴的方式连接至碗状浮式基座。其中，多个捕风叶片在风力作用下驱动碗状浮式基座以漂浮的方式在液体中转动，从而驱动风力发电机的发电装置将动能转化为电能。本申请还公开了一种压缩气体浮式垂直轴风力发电机。

本發明提供了一種應用於分析水泥基材料孔結構的非接觸式阻抗測量儀，用於測量樣品經歷物理或化學狀態變化過程中的阻抗和復電阻率。在該測量儀中，一個可變頻率的電信號施加在變壓器的初級線圈上；而變壓器的次級線圈具有閉合迴路並電耦合所述樣品，對該次級線圈進行監視，樣品內部所感應的電流則通過漏電流傳感器測量。該裝置還能夠對所述樣品進行多頻率採樣測量。Measurement of the impedance and complex resistivity of a sample is used for measuring parameters resulting from a change in physical or chemical state. A variable frequency signal is provided by a transformer primary coil. A secondary coil of the transformer with a closed loop and electrically coupled said sample is monitored along with a leakage current sensor. Sampling at multiple signal frequencies is performed at the multiple signal frequencies.

本发明提供了一种应用于分析水泥基材料孔结构的非接触式阻抗测量仪，用于测量样品经历物理或化学状态变化过程中的阻抗和复电阻率。在该测量仪中，一个可变频率的电信号施加在变压器的初级线圈上；而变压器的次级线圈具有闭合回路并电耦合所述样品，对该次级线圈进行监视，样品内部所感应的电流则通过漏电流传感器测量。该装置还能够对所述样品进行多频率采样测量。Measurement of the impedance and complex resistivity of a sample is used for measuring parameters resulting from a change in physical or chemical state. A variable frequency signal is provided by a transformer primary coil. A secondary coil of the transformer with a closed loop and electrically coupled said sample is monitored along with a leakage current sensor. Sampling at multiple signal frequencies is performed at the multiple signal frequencies.

A new ultrasonic technique based on the cement-based piezoelectric transducers was developed for hydration monitoring for fresh concrete as well as damage detection for concrete structures. The transducers are cement-based to achieve good compatibility of transducers and concrete. The sensors can be embedded inside the concrete structure for in situ hydration monitoring and damage monitoring over the lifetime of the infrastructures.

本发明涉及一种用于混凝土结构的现场水化监视和损伤检测的系统和方法，以及用于该系统和方法的内嵌式传感器。其中，所述系统包括：位于计算机内的信号发生器、发射传感器和接收传感器，其特征在于：所述发射传感器和接收传感器是嵌入混凝土结构的传感器。其中，所述方法包括：计算机通过比较和分析发送给发射传感器的信号和接收传感器接收到的信号获得水化监视和损伤检测的信息；将所述信息与监视目标的暂时状态相互关联；其特征在于：所述发射传感器和接收传感器嵌入所述监视目标的混凝土结构中。其中所述传感器包括由水泥基压电复合材料制成的功能核。该系统和方法基于超声波技术、不受环境影响、且可长期用于大尺寸混凝土材料和结构的现场监测。The invention relates to a system and a method for in-situ hydration monitoring and damage detection of a concrete structure, and embedded sensors for the system and the method. The system comprises a signal generator in a computer, an emission sensor and a receiving sensor, and is characterized in that the emissions sensor and the receiving sensor are embedded in a concrete structure. The method comprises the steps that the computer obtains information on hydration monitoring and damage detection through analysis and comparison of a signal emitted to the emission sensor and a signal received by the receiving sensor; and the information is correlated with the temporary state of a monitored target. The method is characterized by embedment of the emission sensor and the receiving sensor into the concrete structure of the monitored target. The sensors have a function core made of cement-based piezoelectric composite materials. Based on the ultrasonic technology, the system and the method are not affected by the environment and can be used for in-situ monitoring of large-scale concrete materials and structures for a long period of time.

為了研究聚丙烯酸酯乳液(PA)改性砂漿硬化過程中微觀結構的形成過程及改性機理,分析PA聚合物乳液在新拌水泥砂漿中的吸附特性,并模擬孔隙溶液和PA乳液之間相互作用.同時采用掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)和能譜分析(EDX)法表征了PA改性砂漿微觀結構的演化過程.試驗結果表明,PA顆粒將與孔隙溶液中的鈣離子發生化學反應,PA聚合物將以不同的形態吸附在水泥砂漿的局部部位.在此基礎上,考慮PA聚合物改性乳液與水泥基材料的反應,提出一種改進的聚合物改性與微觀結構形成模型.這對研究聚合物改性水泥基材料的力學性能與推廣聚合物改性水泥基材料在工程中的應用具有重要意義. In order to study the microstructure forming process and modification mechanism of polyacrylate (PA) latex modified mortars during the hardening process, the adsorption performance of PA latex in fresh mortars was analyzed, and the interaction between PA latex and pore solution was simulated. Meanwhile, the microstructure evolution of PA modified mortars was measured by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Detector (EDX) analysis. The test results show that PA particles chemically react with calcium ions in the pore solution and PA polymer is localized at some places within cement mortar through different morphologies. Based on these experiments, in considering the reactions between PA latex and cement-based materials, an improved polymer modification and microstructure formation model is proposed. This is of great importance for the investigation on the mechanical properties of polymer modified cement-based materials and the application of polymer modified cement-based materials in civil engineering.

本书介绍了最新的建筑材料及其生产工艺、试验方法和研究成果，独特之处在于本书介绍了建筑材料最基本的力学原理，强调了对建筑材料成分及其微观结构的研究，并针对现行标准规范提供了大量的试验课程。本书主要内容包括：概述、建筑材料性能、骨料、胶凝材料、混凝土材料、钢材、纤维增强聚合物复合材料、木材、路面材料、装饰及其他专用材料。 本书可作为土木工程及材料工程专业本科生教材，也可为相关专业技术人员提供参考。

車輛監測在公路管理養護系統中有著重要的作用。開發了一種基于新型水泥基壓電傳感器車輛監測方法,并通過現場試驗對驗證其可行性及有效性。首先介紹該傳感器的制作及其基本性能,之后將兩個水泥基壓電傳感器埋置于一段混凝土梁中,以該梁作為埋入路面以下的傳感單元。在現場試驗中,將四根測試好的混凝土梁埋入一條車道的兩道溝槽內,每道槽內放入兩根并通過已知重量的卡車進行傳感器的現場標定。車輛通過時以測試信號中的峰值組個數計算車輛數,以傳感器的響應之和計算車重并以兩道溝槽內傳感器響應的時間差及距離計算車速。最后,通過與視頻監測結果的對照發現,該水泥基壓電傳感器能夠準確的測得車流量、車輛速度而且能夠進行動態稱重及車輛分類。由此可見,使用水泥基壓電傳感器進行車輛監測是可行且有效的。 Monitoring on vehicle is significant to management and maintenance of highway. A method based on cement-based piezoelectric sensors to monitor vehicle is developed and its feasibility and validity are verified by field test. First, fabrication and performance of the sensor was presented. And then, two piezoelectric sensors were embedded into a concrete beam as the sensing element installed under road. In the field test, four beams were installed in one lane for counting traffic flow according to the number of peak groups in the responses of sensors, recording the speed of vehicles in terms of the time shift between the responses of two sensors in two rows and the distance of two rows, and measuring the gross weight of vehicles using the amplitude of peaks in sensor's response and its calibrated sensitivity. Finally, the results of field test show that the cement-based piezoelectric sensor can correctly measure the volume, speed and weight-in-motion of vehicles. So, the method using cement-based piezoelectric sensors to monitor vehicle is feasible and valid.

分析了粗骨料的尺寸对混凝土过渡区界面黏结性能的影响,并通过劈裂抗拉试验、压剪试验获得了粗骨料和硬化水泥浆之间的劈裂抗拉强度及抗剪强度.结果表明:粗骨料的尺寸对界面过渡区的黏结性能有较大的影响,界面黏结强度随粗骨料尺寸的增大而减小;水灰比越低,界面黏结性能越好;粗骨料的类型对界面过渡区黏结性能也有较大性能的影响. Concrete is a kind of multiphase material, which consists of three phases, including cement paste, aggregate and the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between cement paste and aggregate. In the three phases, the interfacial transition zone is the weakest phase, especially the interfacial transition zone between cement paste and coarse aggregate. In this paper, the influence of aggregate size and type on the bonding strength at the ITZ was experimentally investigated. Splitting tensile test and compression shear test were used to obtain the bonding strength and shear strength between aggregate and cement paste. It is found that aggregate size has a great effect on the bonding strength at the ITZ. The bonding strength at ITZ decreases with increasing aggregate size. When the water/cement ratio is lower, it could get higher bonding strength at the ITZ. And also, the aggregate type has a great effect on the bonding strength at the ITZ.

開發一種可用于土木工程監測的水泥基壓電傳感器。該傳感器是采用特制的封裝材料將壓電陶瓷片粘結在兩個水泥立方體間而制成的。通過頻率掃描及幅值掃描兩種加載制度對傳感器的頻率獨立性、線性度等基本性能進行測試,并通過復雜荷載、隨機荷載及方波荷載對該傳感器的性能進行進一步驗證。試驗結果表明本文提出的水泥基壓電傳感器在土木工程結構的自振頻率范圍內具有很好的頻率獨立性,同時在傳感器輸出幅值和輸入荷載幅值間存在高度的線性關系,能夠準確反映各種復雜荷載。由此可知,本文開發的水泥基壓電傳感器適用于土木工程結構的性能監測。A novel cement-based piezoelectric sensor was developed in this paper. The sensor was made by bonding between two cuboids of hardened cement paste with a commercially available piezoelectric ceramic plate which is sensing element using a new adhesive developed during the fabrication of sensor. The frequency response and linearity of the sensor were tested by frequency sweep and amplitude sweep load schemes. And then the complex load, random load and square load were applied to observe the performance of the sensors. From the test results it has been found that the sensor showed a good frequency independency in the common frequency range of a civil engineering structure and the output of sensor was linearly corresponding to the input of sensor, which was illuminated further in the following experiments including complex load, square load and random load. So, there is a good potential for such a sensor to be used in structural performance monitoring.

文中在新型水泥基壓電傳感器的基礎上開發了一套水泥基壓電傳感系統,該系統由水泥基壓電傳感器、專門開發的小型電荷放大器、多通道數據采集儀和監測軟件組成。該水泥基壓電傳感系統具有與混凝土的兼容性好,耐久性好,成本低廉等優點。將該系統應用到短柱模型和框架結構模型的動態響應測試中。試驗結果表明:水泥基壓電傳感器在埋入混凝土構件后其頻響特性和輸入輸出的線性關系不變,而且由其構成的傳感系統還能夠準確獲得結構在簡諧及地震地面運動下的內力。水泥基壓電傳感系統可用于混凝土結構的動態監測。 In this paper a cement-based piezoelectric sensing system, including a sensing element, a small scale home made amplifier, and a home made (analog-digital) conditioner,is developed. The sensing system has some advantages,such as compatibility with concrete, good durability and low cost. The dynamic responses of a prism and a two story model frame structure are measured by using the developed sensing system for checking its performance. From the test results,it is found that the frequency independency and linearity of the cement-based piezoelectric sensor don't change after embedded into concrete and the developed sensing system can measure the stresses of the frame under the loading induced by shaking table with both harmonic and earthquake ground motions. Thus, it is valid and reliable for the cement-based piezoelectric sensing system to monitor the performance of concrete structure.

Strengthening layer made of continuous carbon fiber fabric-magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) paste was tested by direct shear. Improvement of bonding performance of MOC paste was explored by extending curing time, increasing water content, adding silica fume and adding organic binder(epoxy re-sin).The mechanism of the improvement was analyzed. The results indicate that the bonding performance of MOC paste can be improved by extending curing time, adding silica fume and adding organic binder instead of adding water. Silica fume is a kind of superfine powder, when its use level is 10%(by mass), it can be well dispersed in MOC paste and filled in the gaps between carbon fibers. Thus, the carbon fiber can be wrapped better by MOC paste to increase the bonding performance of the paste. And the organic binder can also be well dispersed to play the full role to improve the bonding performance of MOC paste. Because of the lower infiltrating property of MOC paste to the continuous carbon fiber fabric, MOC paste as the binder is not as good as organic binder.

系统研究磷酸镁水泥砂浆的干燥收缩性能, 从氧化镁活性、水胶比、磷镁比、粉煤灰掺量和缓凝剂使用等方面研究了影响磷酸镁水泥砂浆干燥收缩的影响因素。研究采用DEMEC方法指出, 磷酸镁水泥砂浆的干燥收缩随着氧化镁活性的降低、水胶比的提高、磷镁比的降低、粉煤灰掺量的降低和缓凝剂的使用而增大。同时, 分析指出, 自由水分的蒸发是干燥收缩产生的主要原因, 指出粉煤灰对于抑制磷酸镁水泥砂浆干燥收缩的贡献。The drying shrinkage of magnesium phosphate cement mortar was studied in the paper, including the influence of reactivity of magnesia, water to binder ratio, magnesium to phosphorus ratio, fly ash content and usage of retarder on the drying shrinkage of magnesium phosphate cement mortar.The conclusions indicated that the drying shrinkage of magnesium phosphate cement mortar increased with the decreasing of the magnesia reactivity, magnesium to phosphorus ratio and fly ash content, increasing of the water to binder ratio and usage of retarder.And the analysis showed that the evaporation of free water is the main reason for drying shrinkage and fly ash content could restrain the drying shrinkage of magnesium phosphate cement mortar.

采用宏观性能与微观分析相结合的方法研究了粉煤灰在磷酸镁水泥体系中的多种效应,包括活性效应、微集料效应和形貌效应,并通过试验设计与分析,确认粉煤灰在磷酸镁水泥体系中还存在着吸附效应. The effects of fly ash on the magnesium phosphate cement system, including reactivity effect, micro aggregate effect and morphology effect, were studied through macro performance test and micro analysis. By experiment design and analysis, adsorption effect of fly ash in the magnesium phosphate cement system was affirmed.

測定了不同水泥的水化放熱和電阻率變化,并做了電阻率變化率和放熱速率的對比分析。研究發現:水泥水化1d的電阻率隨累計放熱量的增加而增加;電阻率與放熱速率隨水化時間的變化均能獨立地反映水泥水化進程;且水泥水化放熱速率曲線的一些特征峰,如:溶解熱峰、主放熱峰、鈣釩石轉化峰等,在一定時間偏差范圍內,均可在電阻率變化曲線上找到與之對應的突變點。水泥水化放熱速率在誘導期達到極小值后先快速增長,再慢速增長,存在轉折點,且電阻率變化率有相應峰值與其對應。 The changes of hydration heat and resistivity of pastes during cement hydration were tested, and their hydration and resistivity rates were also compared. The results show that the resistivity at 1 d increases with accumulative hydration heat, and the alterations of resistivity and hydration rate with time can reflect the hydration process independently. Moreover, some remarkable peaks like the dissolution heat peak, the primary hydration heat peak and the peak of ettringite (AFt) transformation to monosulfoaluminate (AFm), have corresponding mutations on the resistivity rate curve in a certain period of time. The hydration rate increases rapidly after having reached its minimum in the induction period, and then it increases slowly. There is a turning point, and a corresponding peak exists on the resistivity rate curve.

采用無電極電阻率測量儀自動連續監測了分別摻加0、10%、30%、50%、70%粉煤灰的地聚合物漿體凝結硬化全過程中的電阻率變化,分析了粉煤灰基地聚合物漿體隨時間發展的物理化學變化規律,探討了偏高嶺土和粉煤灰與堿激發劑之間的反應機理,并將地聚合化反應過程分成:離子釋出、離子重構、凝結硬化及穩定4個特征階段。最后還提出了地聚合化反應過程模型。The electrical resistivity changes with time of various geopolymeric pastes with 0, 10%, 30%, 50% and 70% fly ash are continuously monitoring by using electrodeless resistivity apparatus. The physicochemical process occurred during geopolymerization process is also analysized. According to the characteristics of the resistivity evolution curves, the four stages were well defined: ion release, ion reorientation, setting and hardening, stabilization. Finally, a descriptive microstructural evolution model is proposed.

用电学方法研究了波特兰水泥的水化诱导期。测定了不同水化时间波特兰水泥浆体的电阻率、钙离子浓度、氢氧化钙含量和氢氧化钙分解温度，并结合水泥水化放热速率，讨论了水泥的各水化阶段。研究结果表明：水泥水化时，浆体电阻率变化表现出一定的规律性；电阻率最小值至电阻率开始加速上升之间的时间即为水泥水化反应的诱导期，诱导期的开始和结束都与氢氧化钙的生长有关。Based on the change of resistivity during hydration the induction period of Portland cement hydration was studied. By testing the paste's Ca(superscript 2+) concentration, electrical resistivity, mass fraction and decomposition temperature of calcium hydroxide as well as the hydration heat at different hydration time, the various periods of cement hydration were studied. Results show that the change of the electrical resistivity of the paste exhibits certain regularity, and the time between the minimum resistivity and the resistivity at which rapid increase begins can be taken as the induction period. Moreover, both the beginning and the end of induction period are related to the growth of calcium hydroxide.

測定了水泥水化電阻率變化,根據漿體電阻率和Ca(OH)2含量的變化規律可將水泥水化分為初始期、誘導期、加速期、減速期4個階段。誘導期開始時,漿體電阻率突然增大,熱重/差示掃描量熱綜合分析表明此時可能生成了中間反應物水化鋁酸鈣。水化物包裹在水泥顆粒表面,形成保護層,阻止水泥進一步水化,水化進入誘導期,這與誘導期的"保護層理論"相符。電阻率微分曲線在加速中期有極大值,X射線衍射分析表明該極大值的出現與鈣礬石(AFt)轉化為單硫型鋁酸鈣水化物(AFm)有關。研究發現電阻率微分曲線與放熱速率曲線的對應性較好,誘導期結束后漿體電阻率與其Ca(OH)2質量分數成線性關系,電阻率變化可反映水化程度變化。 The resistivity of cement pastes in the early age was tested, according to the changes of resistivity and Ca(OH)2 content in the hardened pastes, cement hydration can be divided into four stages: the dissolution period, the induction period, the acceleration period and the deceleration period. The resistivity grows quickly when the induction period begins, differential scanning calorimeter and thermogravimetry analysis indicated that there were intermediate products at that time, which might be calcium aluminate hydrates. The encapsulating effect of this quickly formed hydration products leads to the occurring of the induction period, which is consistent with the protective layer theory. The derivate curve of resistivity reaches a maximum in the acceleration period. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that this maximum was related to ettringite (AFt) transition to monosulfoaluminate (AFm). The hydration heat rate curve corresponds well with the derivate curve of resistivity. Resistivity shows a linear relationship with the Ca(OH)2 content after the induction period, the resistivity change reflects well the hydration degree.

測定了摻β-萘磺酸甲醛聚合物減水劑(β-naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensate superplasticizer,FDN)和木質素磺酸鈣減水劑(lignosulphonate superplasticizer,LS)水泥漿體的電阻率和流動度,以其第5min的電阻率為初始電阻率,并測定了其凝結時間。研究發現:FDN和LS對漿體電阻率影響不同,可用減水劑的吸附、溶解機理來解釋漿體初始電阻率隨FDN和LS摻量的變化。摻FDN水泥漿體的初始電阻率–摻量曲線可分為4個區:選擇吸附區、有效吸附區、溶解電離區、電離飽和區,各區很好地反映了FDN的吸附與溶解特性。研究還發現摻LS漿體的最大初始電阻率與最大流動度對應的LS摻量相同,因此,電阻率法有望用于測定LS的最佳摻量。 Electrical behavior of cement pastes with β-naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensate superplasticizer (FDN) and lignosulphonate superplasticizer (LS) as well as their relation to the fluidity of the pastes were investigated. The setting time tests of the pastes were also carried out. The resistivity at 5 min is regarded as initial resistivity. Results show that the FDN and the LS have different effects on the resistivity of cement pastes. The initial resistivity of the pastes changing with the amount of superplasticizer can be explained by the adsorption and the dissolution of superplasticizer. The curve of initial resistivity as a function of FDN dosage can be divided into 4 zones, which are the selective adsorption zone, the effective adsorption zone, the dissolution and ionization zone, and the saturated ionization zone, respectively. Each zone reflects the properties of FDN as a superplasticizer of cement paste. The LS dosage of the paste with the highest fluidity is the same as that of the highest initial resistivity. Electrical resistivity method will potentially be used to test the optimal dosage of LS.

以1-3型水泥基壓電復合材料作為傳感元件制備了水泥基壓電復合材料傳感器。研究了水泥基壓電復合材料傳感器的頻率響應、線性性能以及應用于混凝土后的傳感性能。結果表明:當加載頻率小于5 Hz時,所有載荷下傳感器輸出電壓的幅值均增大,但當加載頻率大于5 Hz時,所有載荷下傳感器輸出電壓的幅值幾乎與輸入載荷頻率無關;傳感器的輸出電壓幅值和輸入載荷幅值之間存在明顯的線性關系。水泥基壓電傳感器在實際混凝土結構中具有良好的傳感特性,其輸出電壓與復雜載荷、隨機載荷和脈沖載荷均呈現明顯的一一對應關系,且與輸入載荷基本同步,不存在滯后現象,試驗輸出電壓值與理論輸出電壓值也非常吻合。該傳感器非常適合于土木工程結構的健康監測。 A cement based piezoelectric composite sensor was fabricated using the 1-3 cement based piezoelectric composite as a sensing element. The frequency response, linearity and sensing properties of the sensor were investigated. The results indicate that the output voltage amplitude of the sensor increase with increasing frequency of load under 5 Hz. When the frequency of load is larger than about 5 Hz, the output voltage amplitude of the sensor is nearly independent of frequency. There exists an obviously linear relationship between the output voltage amplitude and input load amplitude of the sensor. The 1-3 cement based piezoelectric composite sensor embedded into the concrete structure exhibits excellent sensing properties. The output voltages of the sensor are correspondent to the complex load, random load and pulse load very well. The phase difference between the output voltage and input load is near zero. The experimental output voltage value of the sensor is in good agreement with the theoretical value. Such sensor has a good potential to be used in civil engineering structural health monitoring.

利用自行研制的活塞式擠壓流變儀研究了摻加聚乙烯醇(PVA)短纖維和粉煤灰的地聚合物漿體在擠壓過程中的流變學特性,在此基礎上通過單軸擠壓機成功制備出寬厚比=12.5∶1.0的短纖維增強地聚合物基復合材料。利用MTS電液侍服機系統研究了各種纖維和粉煤灰摻量的地聚合物基復合材料的彎曲行為。采用掃描電鏡(SEM)研究了地聚合物基復合材料中纖維的分布、取向、纖維-基體間界面,以及彎曲實驗后試樣斷裂面上的纖維伸出長度、纖維尖端斷裂形貌和纖維表面組織,從細觀和微觀角度探討各種地聚合物基復合材料微觀結構和彎曲破壞機制。結果表明:PVA短纖維的加入改變了地聚合物漿體的破壞模式,由脆性破壞變為延性破壞;對于不摻或摻加少量粉煤灰(≤10%)的地聚合物基復合材料彎曲強度高,但延性小,當粉煤灰的摻加量≥30%時,地聚合物基復合材料的彎曲強度顯著下降,但延性增大。 Rheological behaviors of geopolymeric pastes incorporated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) short fiber and fly ash were investigated by using the specially designed ram rheometer. Based on the rheological testing results, the PVA short fiber reinforced fly ash-geopolymer composite (SFRGC) (width to height ratio=12.5:1.0) manufactured by single-screw extrusion technique was successfully prepared with different the fiber volume fractions and fly ash contents. The flexural behaviors were studied on the SFRGC by using materials testing machine. The corresponding microstructure and the failure mechanism were also explored by SEM. The results show that PVA fiber addition greatly increases the ductility of SFRGC, especially in the case of high volume fraction of fibers, resulting in a change of the impact failure mode from brittle pattern to ductile one. Comparatively fly ash addition also exhibites obvious influence on the flexural properties. SFRGC without or with low percentage of fly ash (≤10%) has high flexural strength, but low ductility. SFRGC with high percentage of fly ash (≥30%) has a low flexural strength, but a large defection.

研究了水泥石及不同集料摻量水泥砂漿在室溫(20℃)至550℃時抗壓強度的變化.結果表明,水泥石及同灰砂比的水泥砂漿,其抗壓強度變化均可分為3個階段:第1階段(20~150℃),水泥石及灰砂比>1/3的水泥砂漿抗壓強度有所增加,而灰砂比<1/3的水泥砂漿抗壓強度則有所降低;第2階段(150~180℃),抗壓強度變化平緩;第3階段(180~550℃),抗壓強度呈明顯下降趨勢.同溫度下水泥砂漿的抗壓強度隨集料摻量的增加而降低.運用DSC/TG,XRD和熱膨脹性能測試對以上規律進行了機理分析.Compressive strength of cement mortar was studied from room temperature to 550°C with cement paste and different fine aggregate content. The result shows that development of compressive strength of cement or cement mortar with same m(C)/m(S) is divided into three stages: compressive strength increases to some extent when cement or cement mortar with m(C)/m(S)>1/3, but compressive strength decreases to some extent when m(C)/m(S)<1/3 in the first stage(room temperature to 150 °C); compressive strength changes gently in the second stage(150~180 °C); compressive strength decreases significantly in the third stage(180~550 °C). And compressive strength of cement mortar decreases with fine aggregate content increasing in the same temperature. Through the analyst of DSC, XRD and thermal expansion behavior measurement the mechanism how compressive strength changes with temperature is proposed.

对一种新型快凝高早强水泥材料——磷硅酸盐水泥的性能给予研究。该水泥以烧结镁砂、磷酸盐和粉煤灰为主要原料, 其中粉煤灰的用量为干胶凝材料质量的40%。该水泥具有很高的早期强度, 用于快速粘结损坏的旧混凝土, 可在冰点温度下施工。由于水胶比较小和水化硬化后的特殊微观结构, 该水泥具有很强的抗盐冻腐蚀性能。该水泥粘结后的旧混凝土可以快速发展强度。A novel cement, magnesium phosphosilicate cement (MPSC) was studied.The main components of the cement are dead burned magnesia, phosphate and fly ash, and the content of fly ash in the dry binder is 40% by weight.MPSC has high early strength, which is very suitable for the rapid repair of deteriorated concrete structure.The bonding strength between MPSC and Portland cement concrete develops quickly.It also develops high early strength under the temperature below zero.Due to the small water to binder ratio and the special microstructure, MPSC possesses of higher resistantce to freezing-thawing cycle scaling.

對水泥石從室溫(20℃)升到600℃和經室溫到180℃熱循環后再從室溫升至600℃的熱膨脹率進行了研究,結果表明,2種條件下水泥石熱膨脹率的變化均表現為隨溫度的升高先提高而后再降低的趨勢,而熱膨脹率達最大值時前者溫度較后者低70℃左右,即熱循環可以提高水泥石在受熱時出現收縮的溫度值.借助于DSC/TG和XRD測試手段,對水泥石的熱膨脹性能變化規律進行了機理分析. In this paper, thermal expansion properties of hydraulic cement paste are studied. Two kinds of heat systems are included in the research: one is heating from 20°C to 600°C directly, another is heating from 20°C to 600°C after several thermal cycles which range from 20°C to 180°C. The results show that thermal expansion curve increases at the initial stage and then decreases with the temperature increasing in the both two heat systems. But the temperature of the former heat system at which the thermal expansion ratio reaches maximum is 70°C lower than that of the latter. That means that the thermal cycle decreases the temperature to reach the maximum thermal expansion. The mechanism of thermal expansion of hydraulic cement paste is also researched with DSC/TG and XRD methods.

研究了碳纖維水泥基復合材料的電阻特性,結果表明,碳纖維水泥基復合材料電阻率隨著碳纖維體積分數的提高而下降;碳纖維摻入量存在一個飽和點,超過此飽和點,碳纖維水泥基復合材料的電阻率變化趨于穩定;碳纖維水泥基復合材料電阻率隨加載頻率的增大而降低.碳纖維水泥基復合材料的電學特性可以用電滲透原理解釋,并由掃描電鏡試驗結果得到驗證. Experiment results of electrical resistance of carbon fiber reinforced cement composite are presented. The electrical resistivity of specimens decreases with increasing volume fraction of carbon fiber. Moreover, it is found that there is a saturation point for carbon fiber volume fraction. Beyond that, the change of electrical resistivity with the variation of carbon fiber volume fraction becomes leveling off. It is well known that the electrical resistivity of carbon fiber reinforced cement composite is a function of frequency of applied voltage, the higher the frequency, the lower the electrical resistivity of the material. A simple structural model based on the principle of electrical percolation is developed to interpret the electrical resistance of carbon fiber reinforced cement composite. The SEM observation associated with the electrical properties of composite has been obtained and that is to support the model.

用正交設計方法,系統研究了影響雙硅鋁(potassium type poly-sialate-siloxo,K-PSS)型地聚合物合成的3個關鍵因素:n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3),n(K2O)/n(Al2O3)和n(H2O)/n(K2O)。根據抗壓實驗結果和紅外光譜,從宏觀和微觀兩個角度,定量分析每個因素的影響規律,優選出K-PSS型地聚合物的最佳配合比。用X射線衍射分析和魔角自旋的核磁共振技術對由最佳配合比合成的地聚合物硬化體的結構特征和主要組成元素Si及Al的配位狀態進行研究,發現地聚合物在合成過程中[SiO4]對應的1086cm-1紅外振動峰向低波數偏移至1033cm-1,6配位Al也轉化為4配位,最終無定形產物中Al元素主要以4配位態形式存在,并且與[SiO4]鍵接成空間三維網狀結構,不存在孤立狀、組群狀的低分子量的結構單元,而Si與Al的鍵接主要以SiQ4(4Al)和SiQ4(2Al)形式存在。 The three key molar ratios influencing the synthesis of potassium type poly-sialate-siloxo (K-PSS) geopolymer: n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3), n(K2O)/n(Al2O3), and n (H2O)/n(K2O) are systematically investigated in accordance with orthogonal design principle. Based on compressive strength and infrared spectra, the effects of the three molar ratios are analyzed quantitatively on the macro-and micro-scales, finally obtaining the optimum mixture proportion. Additionally, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectra and nuclear magnetic resonance with magic angle spinning measurements show that infrared spectrum peak at 1086 cm-1 caused by the stretching vibration of [SiO4] tetrahedra shifted to lower wavenumber around 1033 cm-1, and the 6-fold Al was transformed into 4-fold coordination during the synthesis of geopolymer. The Al exists in the form of 4-fold coordination and connects with SiO4 tetrahedra, finally forming amorphous geopolymeric products with framework configuration. Correspondingly the Si exists in the form of SiQ4(4Al) and SiQ4(2Al) units. No oligomers such isolated or small group building blocks are found.

采用無接觸電阻測量方法,通過電阻率隨水化時間的關系曲線,研究了粉煤灰水泥中加入NaOH和Na2SO4后凈漿水化早期電阻率的變化規律。結果顯示,加入粉煤灰后,使早期電阻率明顯增加,后期電阻率降低。加入堿后,水化初期電阻率減低,后期電阻率增加。通過不同水化時間電阻率的變化曲線可以研究粉煤灰的持堿效應,并研究堿在粉煤灰水泥中的作用和形成的產物。

以 MgO 含量較低的鎂砂和粉煤灰為主要原料,制備了磷硅酸鹽膠凝水泥(MPSC),研究力學性能．結果表明,磷硅酸鹽水泥凝結快,早期強度高．摻入30%—50%的粉煤灰可明顯地提高 MPSC 的早期和長期抗壓強度,其中以粉煤灰摻量為 40%效果最好．使用 MgO 含量較高而且顆粒較細的鎂砂,制備出的水泥具有較高的強度．水泥石的水化產物以無定形為主,伴以少量的六水水化磷酸鎂鉀品體．硬化水泥石中有許多未水化的鎂砂,可作微集料．粉煤灰填充了反應物之間的空隙,使基體的密實度提高；粉煤灰參與水化反應提高了材料的膠凝性能． The phosphate bonded cement was prepared by incorporating magnesia with different content and fineness with fly ash and the mechanical properties of cement mortars were investigated. It was shown that the cement set rapidly and had high early strength. The mechanical properties of cement were improved when fly ash content (mass fraction) was form 30%-50%, and the cement had the best strength when the fly ash content was 40%. The mortars with higher magnesia content and finer particle size resulted in higher compressive strength. The hydration products formed in hardened paste were crystalline of hexahydrate phosphate and amorphous species. There was also much unreacted magnesia in the hardened cement paste, which could be as the fine aggregate. The particles of fly ash filled in the voids of cement matrix and made it denser and fly ash might participate the hydration and formed rigid interlinks with hydrates, which improved the bonding of the cement.

測定和分析了新拌混凝土早期水化期間電阻率發展的特性。根據電阻率曲線和其微分曲線上的特征點將混凝土的水化分為:溶解期、凝結期、硬化前期和硬化的減速期。提出從電阻率發展微分曲線第1峰值特征點查找混凝土終凝時間和推算初凝時間的方法。結果表明:電阻率法得到的初凝時間和終凝時間與貫入阻力法測試得到的凝結時間有良好的相關性。比較了純水泥混凝土和摻粉煤灰混凝土的電阻率發展特性和強度特性。結果顯示:摻粉煤灰混凝土的早期強度隨粉煤灰摻量的增加呈下降趨勢,同齡期樣品的電阻率也有相同的下降趨勢。The process of hydrating young concrete was studied based on the critical points of electrical resistivity and its differential curves. The electrical resistivity curve was identified to divide the hydration process into four periods: dissolution, setting, initial hardening, and hardening deceleration. A method to obtain concrete setting time based on electrical resistivity results was introduced. The results show that the electrical resistivity and penetration methods have strong correlation in determining setting time. The electrical resistivity and strength development between the control concrete and fly ash concrete were compared. The results show that the strength and bulk resistivity of concrete at an early age decrease with the increase of amount of fly ash replacement.

在評析偏高嶺土分子結構的基礎上,建立了其結構代表模型,然后利用計算化學中的半經驗AM1算法研究了該模型在高堿環境下的溶解全過程.計算結果表明,[AlO4]單六元環比[SiO4]單六元環更具有活性;偏高嶺土在NaOH溶液中比在KOH溶液中更易發生溶解反應;Na+比K+表現出更為強烈的離子配位反應;偏高嶺土溶解后的殘環和堿溶液進一步反應與殘環及堿溶液的種類有關. Based on the analysis of molecular structure of metakaolinite, molecular models representing the structure of metakaolinite were established in this paper. The whole dissolution process of these models under strongly alkaline condition were quantitatively investigated using computational chemistry method-semi-empirical AM1. The computation result shows that 6-member ring model of AlO4 tetrahedron was more reactive than 6-member ring model of SiO4 tetrahedron. NaOH exhibits more dissolution reactivity than KOH. The further reaction between remaining broken ring cluster and strongly alkaline solution depends on the types of the remaining broken ring clusters and alkaline solutions.

以多孔介質和有機相變物質復合而成顆粒型相變儲能復合材料 ,研究了其相變儲能性能、耐久性能以及該復合材料在建筑物綜合節能方面的功效。研究結果表明 :有機相變物質可滲入多孔介質中從亞微米到數百微米的孔徑空間內 ,占據大部分孔空間 ,形成的復合材料具有顯著的相變儲能功能和優良的耐久性能。復合材料的相變儲能性能一方面受到有機相變物質在多孔介質中體積含量的影響 ,另一方面受到多孔介質孔結構骨架的影響。與傳統保溫隔熱材料———膨脹珍珠巖相比 ,相變儲能復合材料具有更強的建筑綜合節能功效

用無接觸電阻率測定儀測定了不同水灰比水泥漿基體的電阻率隨時間變化的特征曲線ρ(t)-t,研究了普通硅酸鹽水泥的水化特性。研究表明:基體電阻率P(t)是液相電阻率ρ0(t)和孔隙率φ的函數。實驗結果說明:根據基體電阻率曲線的特征點將水泥水化過程劃分為溶解期、誘導形成期和誘導期、凝結硬化期3個階段。鈣礬石包裹層的形成導致水化進入誘導期,滲透壓導致包裹層的破裂,使水化進入凝結硬化期。溶解期電阻率的下降主要與水泥漿體中液相離子濃度的增加相關。誘導形成期和誘導期電阻率變化小,此時液相離子濃度和孔隙率的變化都較小,凝結硬化期電阻率的上升主要與水泥漿體孔隙率的下降相關。The electrical resistivities ρ(t) of cement pastes with different water cement ratios were measured in a non-contacting electrical resistivity measurement device. The hydration process was revealed. The electrical resistivity ρ(t) is a function of electrical resistivity of liquid phase ρ0(t) and porosity φ. The results show that the hydration process can involve the dissolving period, the induction-forming and induction period, and the setting-hardening period as well. The formation of ettringite coatings results in the initial step of induction period and the breakage of the coatings due to the osmotic pressure leads to the initial step of setting and hardening period. The electrical resistivity decreases with increase of the ion concentration in the pore solution at the dissolving period. There is a slight variation on the electrical resistivity in the pore solution, and also on the ion concentration and the porosity at the induction-forming and induction period. The electrical resistivity increases with decrease of the porosity at the setting-hardening period.

用"兩步法",即首先制作相變儲能骨料,再采用相變儲能骨料,用普通混凝土的制備技術配制了相變儲能混凝土.實驗結果表明,采用該方法可以在混凝土中儲存足夠的液體相變材料,配制的相變儲能混凝土的儲能功能與商業相變材料相當,可以滿足實際應用的要求;多孔材料孔結構的幾何特征對液體相變材料在多孔材料中的吸收和儲存有較明顯的影響,具有較高孔隙率、孔結構內部連通性較好和在邊界區域具有輸運通道的多孔材料能夠吸收和儲存較多的液體相變材料.相變材料在多孔材料中的體積分數對其相變行為也有顯著的影響. Phasechanging energystoring concrete was prepared by means of a socalled twostep method. At the first step, phasechanging energystoring aggregates were fabricated, then at the second step, normal method for preparing concrete and the phasechanging energystoring aggregates were used. Test results show that adequate amount of liquid phasechanging material can be stored in concrete to render concrete energystoring capability similar to that of commercially available product. Test results also show that the geometrical feature of the pore structure of porous materials has significant influence on their absorption ability of liquid phasechanging material. In addition, the volume fraction of phasechanging material in concrete has remarkable effect on the phasechanging behavior of concrete.

分析了水泥基壓電機敏復合材料的可行性 ,包括復合材料的制備、極化和相容性等問題 .初步的分析結果和實驗結果顯示 :采用水泥基材料作為壓電機敏復合材料的基體 ,可以有效解決機敏材料與混凝土母體結構材料之間的相容性問題 ,克服復合材料制備的困難和降低極化電壓 ,從而提高極化效率和壓電性能 ,并達到降低材料成本的目的. Attention was focused on the study of the feasibility of the cement based piezoelectric smart composites, including problems in fabrication, polarization and adjustability of acoustic impedance of the composites. The results show that using cement based materials as matrix of piezoelectric smart composites can solve the mismatch problem, fabrication problem, and reduce the polarization voltage. This results in high polarization efficiency, good piezoelectric properties and low price.

在土木工程領域中 ,智能結構系統越來越受到人們的重視 ,而在智能結構系統中機敏材料是不可缺的元素 ,它是構成智能結構中的傳感器和驅動器的關鍵材料。針對目前土木工程領域智能結構中存在的結構材料與機敏材料相容性差問題 ,采用水泥基材料作為壓電機敏復合材料的基體 ,通過調節水泥基材料組分和比例 ,克服水泥基材料與壓電陶瓷在密度上的懸殊差異為材料準備帶來的困難 ,制備出 2 - 2型水泥基壓電機敏復合材料。同時 ,采用集成了微型計算機、MTS自動伺服試驗機、示波器、信號發生器、線性放大器和 HP- IB界面的測試系統測量 2 -2型水泥基壓電復合材料的彈性性能、傳感性能和驅動性能。實驗結果表明 ,在實驗范圍里 ,該材料具有線彈性性能 ;傳感性能和驅動性能具有明顯的頻率依賴性 ;在超低頻范圍內 ,2 - 2型水泥基壓電復合材料的壓電電壓系數的模值隨頻率線性增大 ,相角隨頻率增大開始時增大較快 ,隨后趨于一常數 ;2 - 2型水泥基壓電復合材料的壓電性能與聚合物基壓電復合材料相似。Intelligent structures are attracting more attention of scientists and engineers in the field of civil engineering.In an intelligent structure,smart materials play animportant role,from which sensors and actuators are made.In order to solve the mismatch problem between smart materials and host materials,which is popular in the application of intelligent structures in the civil engineering field.Cement based materials were chosen to be the matrix of piezoelectric smart materials.Through adjusting the mix proportion and selecting the components of cement based matrix,problems of fabrication of 2 2 cement based piezoelectric composite were overcome.Using a testing system integrating computer,MTS tester,oscilloscope,signal generator,linear amplifier,HP IB interface hardware and software,the elastic,sensory and actuating properties were studied.The following results can be obtained.The composite is linearly elastic.The sensory and actuating properties have obvious dependence on frequency.In the range of ultra low frequency,the magnitude of piezoelectric voltage factor of the composite increases linearly with frequency,the phase increases quickly at first,but then approaches to a constant,The piezoelectric properties of the composite are similar to those of polymer/ceramic piezoelectric composites.

智能結構體系正逐漸被引入土木工程領域 ,它對于解決土木工程結構的安全性、耐久性、靈活性以及自適應性課題提供了更強的支持 .在智能結構中較為突出的問題是機敏材料與母體結構材料的相容性 .由于土木工程中主要結構材料———混凝土的特性 ,在其它智能結構中具有良好相容性的機敏材料 ,在混凝土智能結構中有可能存在相容性問題 .針對這一情況 ,提出以水泥基材料作為壓電機敏復合材料的基體 ,期望解決機敏材料與混凝土結構材料之間的相容性問題 .研究結果顯示 :0 -3型水泥基壓電機敏復合材料在制備上是可行的 .而形成的0 -3型水泥基壓電機敏復合材料內部結構均勻 ,壓電性能優于同條件下聚合物基壓電復合材料的性能 ,而極化電壓卻大大降低 ,在性能上滿足了作為機敏材料在智能結構中的使用條件. One of the crucial issues in the application of smart materials to concrete structure is the consistency between them and the host concrete materials. The development of cement based piezoelectric composites is proposed for solving the mismatch problem. The 0-3 cement based piezoelectric composite is fabricated, which have a uniform distribution of piezoelectric ceramic particles and a dense inner structure. The test results show that the poling voltage of the composite is reduced drastically and the piezoelectric properties of the composite are superior to those of the 0-3 polymer/ceramic piezoelectric composite in the same condition.

采用美國產MTS試驗機 ,分別研究了摻 0 % ,5 % ,1 0 % ,1 5 % (質量分數 )偏高嶺土混凝土的軸拉應力 應變關系 .試驗結果表明 ,隨著偏高嶺土摻量的增加 ,混凝土的軸拉強度和峰值應變相應提高、抗拉彈性模量基本不變 ,而混凝土的抗壓強度顯著提高、拉壓比則相應下降 .此外 ,當摻量為 5 %時 ,可保持混凝土的流動性基本不變 ;摻量為 1 5 %時 ,坍落度下降 2 0 %左右 ,但可通過增加 2 0 %的高效減水劑用量來加以調整 .因此 ,將偏高嶺土作為高性能混凝土摻合料使用將是十分便利的 . The relationships betw een tensile stress and strain of concrete with incorporated 0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 %metakaolin ( M K) w ere studied .Test results show that, w ith the raising of M K replacement, the tensile strength and peak strain of concrete increase and the compressive streng th of concrete increases sig nificantly , but the tensile elastic modulus is nearly same and the ratio of tensile strength to compressive strength is decreased .With the raising of M K replacement, the area covered by descending curve of over peak stress is improved w hen 5 %and 10 %of cement replaced by M K .When content of MK is lower, such as 5 %, the w orkability of concrete is all the same as that without M K . When the content of MK is 15 %, the slump of concrete is decreased about 20 %.But the slump could be kept the same w ith that without M K only by adding another 20 %superplasticizer.Therefore, the M K is a very efficient enhancing addition for high perfo rmance concrete.

研究了含偏高嶺土水泥與高效減水劑的相容性 ,結果表明 ,在硅酸鹽水泥中單獨加入偏高嶺土時 ,水泥與減水劑的相容性有所降低 ,但若將偏高嶺土與礦渣適當配合后再加入硅酸鹽水泥之中 ,則可以改善水泥與減水劑的相容性 ;研究了偏高嶺土單摻及其與礦渣復摻對水泥物理、力學性能的影響 ,并用DTA ,SEM分析了水泥的水化產物 . The compatibility betw een metakaolin( M K) blended Porland cement and superplasticizers and the properties of M K blended cement w ere investig ated in this paper.Results show that the compatibility betw een M K blended cement and superplasticizers is reduced .However, the compatibility is enhanced when M K and ultra-fine slag are incorporated in Portland cement together, also the compressive strength of M K blended cement is increased .The hydration products of MK blended cement w ere analy sed by DTA and SEM .

擠出成型工藝生產玻璃纖維增強水泥板 (GFRC)時 ,纖維在螺旋推擠力和速度剪力的作用下 ,大部分纖維能在擠出方向上形成定向排列 ,軸拉強度相對較高。而垂直于擠出方向的纖維分布相對較少 ,力學性能也相對較差。試驗結果表明 ,當纖維含量較低時 ,絕大部分纖維沿擠出方向分布 ,此時 ,平行擠出方向的軸拉強度遠大于垂直擠出方向。纖維摻量較高時 ,垂直擠出方向上的纖維分布量大大增加 ,相應的軸拉強度幾乎與平行擠出方向相等。此外 ,存在一個纖維摻量飽和點 ,超過此摻量 ,平行纖維方向的軸拉強度不再隨摻量的增加而提高 ,但有利于改善GFRC板的韌性和軸拉破壞形式 This paper presents the results of experimental studies on fiber alignment and its influence on the tensile strength along different directions for fiber reinforced cement fabricated by extrusion technique. It is w ell know n that fibers can be aligned into the desired directions during an extrusion process through a properly designed die and high shear. The fiber alignment, of course, would lead to direction dependency of the tensile properties of GFRC extrudate. The current study investigated such a dependency using the existing extrusion equipment. It is found that w hen the fiber volume ratio is low , say 1% of glass fiber, it can be aligned almost in unified direction, i. e. extrusion direction. As a result, the tensile strength of a thin plate along the extrusion direction is much higher than that of along the transverse direction. When the fiber volume ratio is increased to 2% or 4% , the fiber volume along the transverse direction is largely increased even though the majority of fiber is still aligned along the extrusion direction. Thus, the tensile strength in the transverse direction is significantly increased. In fact, the tensile strength along the transverse direction is almost the same to that along the extrusion direction w hen the fiber volume ratio reaches 2 % . Furthermore, the extrusion direction strength of samples did not increase proportionally to the fiber volume ratio. But the toughness and the destroy form have been improved with the fiber volume ratio increasing.

為解決鋼筋或鋼管容易發生銹蝕的問題 ,進行了纖維復合材料套箍混凝土軸壓柱的試驗 .結果表明 ,玻璃纖維復合材料管的套箍作用很大 ,抗變形能力很強 ,受力性能與鋼管混凝土類似 .碳纖維復合材料箍對混凝土的套箍作用也很明顯 ,隨著碳纖維復合材料箍間距的減少 ,柱極限荷載穩步提高 .它與復合材料管混凝土柱比可節省造價 ;與螺旋筋混凝土柱比可節省模板 ,方便施工. In a moist environment, especially w hen higher co ntent o f chloride io n present, the conv entional concrete co nstrained by steel stirrups or steel tubes can be easily deterio rated due to the corro sion o f steel. In order to solv e the problem o f co rrosio n, the composite reinforced concrete is being developed. In this research, the axial-compressed co ncrete co lumn constrained by fiber composite was studied experimentally. The results indicated that the co nstraint of g lassfiber compo site tube is v ery effective. The mecha nical pro perty is similar to that of steel tubula r concrete co lumn. The constraint o f carbon-fiber composite hoop is also obvious. The ultimate lo ad of co lumn increase steadily with the spacing of carbon-fiber compo site hoo p decreases. Its cost is less than composite tubular co ncrete column. It can eliminate the fo rmw ork a nd is conv enient for co nstructio n as compared to spiral steel stirrups confined co ncrete column.

研究了礦渣的細度、激發劑的主要參數、水膠比、緩凝劑的種類與摻量等方面對堿激發礦渣水泥凝結性能及強度的影響，并通過測定水化熱、非蒸發水量、微孔分布等物化性能以對堿激發礦渣水泥快凝的機理進行分析，在此基礎上討論了合理、有效控制堿激發礦渣水泥快速凝結的技術途徑．

討論了混凝土使用壽命的定義和混凝土使用壽命預測的基本方法，系統地總結與評價了幾種混凝土使用壽命預測模型，并指出了該領域今后可能的發展方向．

采用綜合測試手段，對香港粉煤灰的理化特性、粒度分布、表面結構進行了較為系統的研究．結果表明：該粉煤灰以鋁硅玻璃體（高鋁）為主，其晶相為莫來石和少量石英，含碳量較低，平均粒度為１１．６μｍ，明顯小于香港水泥顆粒的平均粒度１９．６μｍ．Ｎ２吸附比表面積測定表明：香港粉煤灰具有較大的比表面積，約為水泥的２．３倍．表面結構以球形為主且大部分球體具有明顯的氣孔與內部空腔相連，從而導致了較強的離子吸附效應．１ａ的對比實驗表明：在混凝土中摻入質量分數為２５％的粉煤灰不但能顯著降低Ｃｌ－滲透系數，而且也減少了ＳＯ２－４引起的破壞，因而可大幅度延長沿岸混凝土工程的使用壽命．