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Agriculture comprises a complex greenhouse gas source and sink system. Different regions and planting and breeding conditions lead to two types of carbon sources or sinks in the agricultural systems. Identifying the characteristics of carbon emissions in agricultural systems and influencing factors is of great significance to achieve green agricultural development, which will also provide a data basis to promote the realization of “carbon peak” and “carbon neutrality” goals. Taking the Hexi Corridor as an example, we calculated and analyzed the spatial and temporal characteristics of agricultural carbon emissions and influencing factors in 20 counties in the Hexi region from 2000 to 2020. The following results were obtained：from 2000 to 2020, agricultural carbon emissions in Hexi showed a slow increase. The regions with the largest agricultural carbon emissions were Liangzhou District and Ganzhou District, accounting for 31.74% of the total agricultural carbon emissions in Hexi. From the perspective of planting and stockbreeding, the planting industry in the Hexi region was determined to be a carbon sink, with carbon absorption of 1.41×108 t, and stockbreeding was considered a carbon source, with carbon emissions reaching 4.17×107 t. From 2000 to 2020, the net carbon emissions of agriculture in Hexi showed fluctuations, but the overall trend was decreasing, and the agricultural system changed to carbon sinks. In the planting industry, the factor with the greatest impact on agricultural carbon emission was determined to be planting scale, and in regions with stable scale development, the factor with the greatest impact was found to be the mechanization degree. The main influencing factors for smaller regions were the rural electricity consumption. In the agricultural area with a large scale and high proportion of stockbreeding industry, the most influential factor was the stockbreeding scale, and the correlation degree was greater than 0.9. From 2000 to 2020, the agricultural carbon emission intensity in the Hexi region showed a process of random distribution to significant aggregation, and the center of agricultural carbon emission shifted slowly to the southeast, but only in Zhangye City. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]