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Objective To explore the effect of different concentrations of olanzapine on secretion of inflammatory cytokines in adipocytes. Methods 3T3-L1 cells were induced to mature adipocytes using 3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, dexamethasone, and insulin. And then, mature adipocytes were randomly divided into the experiment group 1, experiment group 2, experiment group 3 and control group, respectively. Cells in the experiment groups were intervened with 2. 5, 5. 0, and 10 µmol/L olanzapine, respectively. Cells in the control group were cultured normally without olanzapine. We collected the supernatants of the cell culture medium after intervention for 12, 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. The levels of inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured by ELISA. Results IL-6 and IL-10 in culture supernatant of mature adipocytes in all experiment groups increased over the intervention time (all P<0. 05). The expression of IL-6 was higher in all experiment groups at 72 h after olanzapine treatment in comparison with that of the control group; that was higher in the experiment group 2 than in the experiment group 1 and experiment group 3 at 72 h after olanzapine treatment (all P<0. 05). The expression levels of IL-10 were lower in the experiment group 1 and experiment group 2 than in the control group after olanzapine intervention for 48 or 72 h, and the expression of IL-10 was lower in the experiment group 3 than in the control group after olanzapine intervention for 72 h (all P<0. 05); the expression of IL-10 was lower in the experiment group 1 and experiment group 2 than in the experiment group 3 after olanzapine intervention for 72 h (both P<0. 05) . However, the absorbance values of TNF-α in the supernatants of the cell culture medium at different time points of intervention in each group were all relatively low, and it was not possible to calculate and obtain the concentrations according to the standard curve method. Conclusions Olanzapine can promote the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and inhibit the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10. These effects may be related to the occurrence of obesity in patients with schizophrenia treated by olanzapine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]