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类可可脂（CBE）是一类重要的糖果用脂，可以经过物理复配或者酶法酯交换获得。近年来，微生物发酵法制备CBE成为新的研究热点，各种微生物产脂策略正在被应用，以提高CBE的产量，例如化学诱变或基因工程等。旨在为CBE的生产提供参考，从原料油来源、制备方法研究现状两个方面分别综述了CBE的传统制备方法（物理复配和酶法酯交换）和新方法（微生物发酵）的研究及应用情况。微生物发酵法更符合绿色、健康、低碳的发展需求，能够为CBE的制备提供一种新思路，也有利于推进CBE的产业化应用，具有潜在发展优势。Cocoa butter equivalent（CBE）is an important lipid intended for confectionery, which can be obtained by physical compounding or enzymatic transesterification. In recent years, microbial fermentation method for the preparation of CBE has become a new research hotspot, and various microbial lipid production strategies have been applied to improve the yield of CBE, such as chemical mutagenesis or genetic engineering. In order to provide reference for the production of CBE, the research and application of traditional CBE preparation method (physical compounding and enzymatic transesterification) and new method (microbial fermentation) were summarized from the two aspects of raw oil source and research status of preparation method. Microbial fermentation method is more in line with the needs of green, healthy and low-carbon development, which can provide a new idea for the preparation of CBE, but also be conducive to promoting the industrial application of CBE, and has potential development advantages.

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Copyright of Journal of Technology Economics is the property of Chinese Society of Technology Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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目的：探讨艾司氯胺酮复合不同剂量丙泊酚用于无痛人流术的有效剂量和安全性。方法：88例拟行无痛人工流产 术的18~40周岁年轻女性患者，按随机数字表法分为丙泊酚Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ组，使用丙泊酚的剂量分别为1.5, 2.0, 2.5 mg/kg，每组再 根据Dixon序贯法依次给予不同剂量艾司氯胺酮。统计并测算半数有效量（median effective dose，ED50)，即50%患者对手术刺 激产生体动反应时所需的艾司氯胺酮剂量，麻醉中连续监测患者心率（heart rate，HR), 平均动脉压（mean arterial pressure， MAP)和脉搏氧饱和度（pulse oxygen saturation，SpO2)，以及麻醉, 苏醒时间和围术期不良反应等资料。结果：①3组艾司氯胺酮 的ED50依次减少，分别为0.320, 0.244, 0.167 mg/kg，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01)；②丙泊酚Ⅲ组手术开始时（T1)的HR较麻醉 前（T0)明显下降（P < 0.05)，其余两组则无明显差异；丙泊酚Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组T1的MAP较T0明显下降（P < 0.05)，丙泊酚Ⅲ组T1的 MAP显著低于Ⅰ组（P < 0.05)；③各组有效病例恢复室滞留时间组间存在明显差异（P < 0.05)；④丙泊酚Ⅲ组低血压, 呼吸抑制 发生率明显高于其余两组（P < 0.05)，丙泊酚Ⅰ组术中呛咳, 苏醒后头痛的发生率显著高于其余两组（P < 0.05)。结论：在 无痛人工流产术中 2.0 mg/kg 丙泊酚复合艾司氯胺酮的麻醉方案综合效果最适宜，其中艾司氯胺酮的 ED50, ED95分别为 0.214, 0.334 mg/kg。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of Botanical Research is the property of Bulletin of Botanical Research Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Objective To investigate the value of serum chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) in predicting the risk of decompensation events in patients with liver cirrhosis, since prediction of decompensation events and adoption of active preventive measures are the key to improving the survival time of patients with liver cirrhosis. Methods A case-control study was conducted for 305 patients with liver cirrhosis who were diagnosed and treated in Tianjin Second People's Hospital from January 2019 to May 2021, among whom there were 200 patients with compensated liver cirrhosis and 105 patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis at baseline. According to whether decompensation events occurred within 1 year, the 305 patients with liver cirrhosis were divided into decompensation group with 79 patients and non-decompensation group with 226 patients; according to whether decompensation events occurred for the first time within 1 year, the 200 patients with compensated liver cirrhosis were divided into first-time decompensation group with 43 patients and non-first-time decompensation group with 157 patients. The independent samples t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test or the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. The binary logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between each variable and decompensation events; the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to investigate the value of each variable in predicting decompensation events, and the maximum value of Youden index was used to determine the optimal cut-off value. Results The patients who experienced decompensation events within 1 year had a significantly higher baseline serum level of CHI3L1 than those who did not experience such events [243.00 (136.00-372.00) ng/mL vs 117.50 (67.75-205.25) ng/mL, U=4720.500, P < 0.001], and the patients who experienced decompensation events for the first time within 1 year had a significantly higher baseline serum level of CHI3L1 than those who did not experience such events [227.98 (110.00-314.00) ng/mL vs 90.00 (58.00-168.50) ng/mL, U=1 681.500, P < 0.001]. Patients with cirrhosis with higher baseline CHI3L1 levels had an increased risk of decompensation events within 1 year (OR=1.004, 95%CI: 1.002-1.006, P < 0.001); Patients with compensated cirrhosis with higher baseline serum CHI3L1 levels had an increased risk of first decompensated event within 1 year (OR=1.006, 95%CI: 1.003-1.008, P < 0.001). The baseline serum level of CHI3L1 had an AUC of 0.751 in predicting the risk of first-time decompensation events, with a sensitivity of 90.7% and a specificity of 55.4% at the optimal cut-off value of 95.5 ng/mL. The predictive model based on the combination of serum CHI3L1 level and Child-Pugh class had an AUC of 0.809, with a sensitivity of 72.1% and a specificity of 77.1% at the maximum value of Youden index. Conclusion Serum CHI3L1 level can be used as an effective predictive factor for the risk of first-time decompensation events in patients with compensated liver cirrhosis, and its combination with Child-Pugh class shows a higher predictive value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica / Yanshi Kuangwuxue Zazhi is the property of Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the risk factors of central airway stenosis after lung transplantation. Methods Clinical data of 155 recipients undergoing lung transplantation in Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from July 2016 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the incidence of central airway stenosis following lung transplantation, all recipients were divided into the stenosis group (n=36) and control group (n=119). The incidence of central airway stenosis after lung transplantation was summarized. The risk factors of central airway stenosis after lung transplantation were assessed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results Among 155 lung transplant recipients, 36 cases (23.2 %) developed central airway stenosis. The average incidence time was (53±13) d after lung transplantation. Univariate analysis demonstrated that bilateral lung transplantation, grade 3 primary graft dysfunction (PGD), airway fungal infection, long cold ischemia time, long mechanical ventilation time and long intensive care unit (ICU) stay were the risk factors for central airway stenosis after lung transplantation (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that airway fungal infection, long cold ischemia time and long mechanical ventilation time were the independent risk factors for central airway stenosis after lung transplantation (all P<0.05). Conclusions Airway fungal infection after lung transplantation, long cold ischemia time and long mechanical ventilation time probably lead to central airway stenosis after lung transplantation. Active preventive measures and intimate monitoring should be taken to improve the quality of life of the recipients after lung transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Guangxi Normal University - Natural Science Edition is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Journal of Hydrobiology is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Hydrobiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)