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摘要：为了提高可食用动物油脂的经济价值，以灰鹅液油为原料，在110、130、150、170、190 ℃对其连续加热10 h，测定不同温度下灰鹅液油的过氧化值、酸值、丙二醛含量及挥发性物质含量，分析高温对灰鹅液油食用安全性及风味物质的影响。结果表明：与室温放置10 h的灰鹅液油(对照)相比，高温处理后灰鹅液油过氧化值、酸值、丙二醛含量增加，且在温度升高至130 ℃时过氧化值和丙二醛含量均超过国标限值；通过电子鼻分析发现，110 ℃加热对灰鹅液油的风味影响不大；灰鹅液油中共检出74种挥发性物质，主要为醛类、醇类物质,随温度升高，挥发性物质种类增加，总含量先升高后降低,并在150 ℃时最高。综合油脂氧化和风味变化，建议灰鹅液油加热温度应低于130 ℃。 In order to improve the economic value of edible animal oils, the grey goose liquid oil was used as the raw material,and it was continuously heated at 110, 130, 150, 170 ℃ and 190 ℃ for 10 h, the peroxide value, acid value, malondialdehyde content and volatile substances content of grey goose liquid oil were determined to analyze the effects of high temperature on the food safety and flavor components of grey goose liquid oil. The results showed that compared with grey goose liquid oil left at room temperature for 10 h(the control), the peroxide value, acid value, and malondialdehyde content of grey goose liquid oil after high-temperature treatment increased, and the peroxide value and malondialdehyde content exceeded the limit value of the national standard at 130 ℃. The electronic nose analysis showed that the flavor of grey goose liquid oil heated at 110 ℃ had no significant differences compared with the control.A total of 74 volatile components were detected in grey goose liquid oil ,which mainly were aldehydes and alcohols.As the temperature increased, the types of volatile components increased and the total content first increased and then decreased， and it was the highest at 150 ℃. Comprehensively considering the oxidation of oil and the change of oil flavor, it is recommended that the heating temperature of grey goose liquid oil should be lower than 130 ℃.

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Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of Tiaobu Xinshen Prescription (Codonopsis Radix, Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata, Lycii Fructus, Astragali Radix, etc.) on synaptic plasticity in 5xFAD transgenic mice with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) . Methods Eighteen 5-month-old male wild-type (WT) mice and 18 5xFAD transgenic mice were randomly divided into control group (0.9% NaCl), Tiaobu Xinshen Prescription group (granules, 4.18 g·kg-1 ) and Aricept group (Donepezil Hydrochloride, 0.625 mg·kg-1 ), with six mice in each group. According to the above groups, the rats were given intragastric administration once a day for 60 days. The ultrastructure of hippocampus in mice was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Western Blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of Synaptophsin, PSD-95, p-NMDAR1, NMDAR1, p-CaMKIIa, CaMKIIa, PI3K, p-Akt, Akt, p-mTOR and mTOR in mouse cortical tissue. Results Compared with the WT mice control group, the ultrastructure of synapses in the hippocampal CA1 region of the 5xFAD control group was irregular, the mitochondria was atrophied and reduced, the mitochondrial cristae was broken and disappeared, the synaptic membrane was irregularly and curved, the synaptic vesicles were reduced, and the postsynaptic density (PDS) was thinned or even broken. The protein expressions of Synaptophsin, PSD-95, p-NMDAR1/NMDAR1, p-CaMKIIa/ CaMKIIa, PI3K, p-Akt/Akt and p-mTOR/mTOR in the cortex were significantly down-regulated (P＜0.05). Compared with the mice in the 5xFAD control group, the ultrastructure of synapses in the hippocampal CA1 region of the mice in the Tiaobu Xinshen Prescription 5xFAD group was significantly changed, the number of mitochondria was increased, the number of synaptic vesicles was increased, the synaptic membrane was intact, and the postsynaptic density was thickened. The protein expressions of Synaptophsin, PSD-95, p-NMDAR1/NMDAR1, p-CaMKIIa/CaMKIIa, PI3K, p-Akt/Akt and p-mTOR/mTOR in the cortex were significantly up-regulated (P＜ 0.05). Conclusion Tiaobu Xinshen Prescription may promote the synthesis of synaptic plasticity-related proteins by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, thereby improving the cognitive dysfunction of AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of China Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery is the property of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Journal of Northwest A & F University - Natural Science Edition is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science Edition) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The leaves of Phoebe bournei under different management modes (TN40 and TN60 treatments) of Chinese fir and P. bournei multi-layer forest were used as research materials to investigate the effects of different treatments on the phenotypic traits, anatomical structure, and stomatal morphology of shade and sun leaves of P. bournei. Our findings demonstrated that from the perspective of different leaf types in the same light environment, the leaf thickness, specific leaf weight, palisade tissue, and midrib thickness of the sun-grown leaves of P. bournei under TN40 treatment significantly (P<0.05) increased by 13.77%, 9.86%, 7.49%, and 11.79%, respectively compared with those of shaded leaves. The leaf thickness, leaf tissue density, specific leaf weight, and stomatal density of the sun leaves of P. bournei under TN60 treatment significantly (P<0.05) increased by 6.32%, 9.46%, 8.70%, and 6.42%, respectively compared with those of shade leaves. From the perspective of different light environments for the same leaf type, the leaf dry matter content, specific leaf weight, upper epidermis thickness, palisade tissue thickness, sponge tissue thickness, midrib thickness, and stomatal density of the sun-growing leaves of P. bournei under TN40 treatment were 6.13%, 4.00%, 11.62%, 12.17%, 15.22%, 8.80%, and 9.00% significantly (P<0.05) higher than those under TN60 treatment, respectively; however, the leaf water content and tissue density significantly (P<0.05) decreased by 5.04% and 3.97%, respectively. The leaf area, leaf dry matter content, and stomatal density of the shaded leaves of P. bournei under TN40 treatment were 5.52%, 5.50%, and 11.25% significantly (P<0.05) higher than those under TN60 treatment, respectively. Therefore, the morphological adaptation characteristics of P. bournei leaves under TN40 treatment is more suitable for the cultivation of P. bournei. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of National Palace Museum Research Quarterly is the property of National Palace Museum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

【目的】筛选肾透明细胞癌（ccRCC）中差异表达基因并其相关miRNA和lncRNA，寻找可作为ccRCC诊断及治疗的生物标志物。【方法】通过从TCGA数据库和GEO数据库筛选ccRCC差异表达基因并取交集，对差异表达基因进行GO功能分析和KEGG通路富集分析，使用MCODE软件筛选出差异表达基因中的核心基因，并利用mirDIP 数据库和STARBASE 数据库对核心基因上游的miRNA 和lncRNA 进行预测。【结果】共筛选出427个差异表达基因，这些差异表达基因在GO功能分析上主要与催化活性、受体活性和细胞黏附分子活性等功能相关，KEGG 信号通路富集结果则表明其主要与PPAR、Rap1 以及细胞因子受体相互作用等信号通路相关。从这些差异表达基因中筛选出11个核心基因，并预测到134个相应miRNA，接着对5个与ccRCC总体生存率相关的miRNA在STARBASE中共预测到6个相应lncRNA。最后将lncRNA、miRNA、核心基因以及相应信号通路在CYTOSCAPE中构建出一个互作网络。【结论】利用生物信息学技术将TCGA数据库与GEO数据库结合起来，筛选出ccRCC中差异表达基因，并对其中的核心基因进行miRNA与lncRNA预测分析，为后续找到可用于ccRCC临床诊断的靶标与治疗的靶点提供了有力帮助。

BACKGROUND: In recent years, studies have shown that microRNA (miRNA) has a significant effect on osteonecrosis of the femoral head under the mechanism of bone metabolism. Further research in this direction is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. OBJECTIVE: By referring to relevant literature worldwide, to review the research progress in the effect of miRNA on osteonecrosis of the femoral head through the mechanism of bone metabolism or its relevant signal pathways, thereby providing ideas and reference for the prevention and treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. METHODS: Relevant literature published from 2011 to 2022 were searched in CNKI, WanFang, VIP, PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrance, and Nature databases using the search terms of “ONFH, miRNA, bone metabolism, osteoblast, osteoclast, signaling path, Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt, TGF-β, MAPK” in Chinese and English. A total of 77 articles were included as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: miRNA is involved in regulating the differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the bone metabolism mechanism of osteonecrosis of the femoral head, so as to influence the progress of osteonecrosis of the femoral head to different extents. miRNA can directly or via Wnt/ β-catenin, PI3K/Akt, transforming growth factor-β, MAPK and related signaling pathways, under the mechanism of bone metabolism, regulate osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation in osteonecrosis of the femoral head to different extents. Through the different effects of different miRNAs in this process, it can promote or inhibit osteonecrosis of the femoral head caused by the imbalance of osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. Therefore, due to the positive and negative effects on osteonecrosis of the femoral head, miRNA can relieve the condition of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. In recent years, the mechanism of miRNAs underlying the prevention and treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head have mainly been described from the perspective of the linkage of multiple pathogeneses, but not have been analyzed from the perspective of a single pathogenesis. Based on the existing basis, systematic and in-depth research on the interventional effect of miRNA on osteonecrosis of the femoral head under the mechanism of bone metabolism is warranted. Moreover, on this basis, the possibility of direct interaction between miRNA and osteonecrosis should be explored, and the research on other mechanisms other than bone metabolism mechanism should also be improved. Further explorations are required on the molecular mechanism of miRNA in the intervention of osteonecrosis of the femoral head under the mechanism of bone metabolism and its relationship with bone tissue engineering, so as to provide ideas for the prevention and treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

華人地區深受傳統儒家文化影響，不少家長及教師都認同「勤有功、戲無益」、「有志者、事竟成」和「鐵柱磨成針」等傳統觀念。因此長期以來，香港學童都面對家課量多、家課深、長時間做家課的問題。2001年，香港特區政府推行教育改革，建議學校適當編排學生家課的數量，從而提升教與學的質素。為求了解香港學童家課的質與量是否因家課政策的實施而得以改善，本研究在香港10所小學進行調查，邀請各所學校其中一班五年級學生填寫問卷，統計完成家課的時間和家課類型，並訪問教師了解他們在家課設計、家課類型、家課功能等方面的考量。研究顯示，相對於課程改革之前，學生每天花在家課的時間的確減少；然而，大部分家課仍是紙筆練習，以鞏固課堂所學為主，較少有發展性的家課。分析這些研究結果背後的成因，有助於了解香港課程改革實施的狀況。Parents and teachers across Chinese societies mostly uphold the traditional belief of Confucianism that “hard work is the key to success.” As such, Hong Kong students have long been using much of their time doing lots of difficult homework. In 2001, curriculum reform was launched in Hong Kong, requesting schools and teachers to adjust the quantity and quality of homework assigned to students for the improvement of teaching and learning. The present study attempts to reveal the level of implementation of this homework policy. Ten primary schools participated in this study. One class of Grade 5 students in each school was chosen to complete a questionnaire for identifying the amount of time students spent on homework and the types of homework. Teachers of these classes were interviewed to find out how schools and teachers design and plan homework for their students. The study reveals that the time students spent on homework has decreased when compared to the time spent before the curriculum reform. However, the homework was still more of consolidating, but less of developmental in nature. The reasons behind these findings are discussed for understanding the implementation of curriculum reform in Hong Kong.

The environment surrounding surveys requiring the cooperation of participants has been changing, with increasing awareness of the need to protect personal information and the use of online surveys. Issues such as how to respond to inquiries from participants, what should be communicated to relevant bodies in advance about the survey, and how to provide incentives and feedback to participants are important to ease tension and prevent conflicts between participants and researchers, or between researchers and relevant bodies, and to increase the public trust in researchers and the science. Based on the authorsʼ experiences, this letter summarizes notes for conducting surveys that require participantsʼ cooperation. As the social impact of research has been gaining increasing attention, it is expected that practical tips and views on conducting field surveys are widely shared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Control Theory & Applications / Kongzhi Lilun Yu Yinyong is the property of Editorial Department of Control Theory & Applications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Mining & Metallurgy (10057854) is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

自2009年開始，香港高中課程進行大規模的改革，所有適齡的中學生，須接受六年免費的中學教育，在初中至高中期間，無需經歷任何公開考試，直至完成中六，才接受一次中學文憑考試，以作為升學或就業的依據。在這改革背景之下，香港的高中課程和教學須面對有史以來最重要的改革和挑戰。在課程路向方面，新高中課程從以往的菁英主義走向普及主義；在教學路向方面，它須走向多元化的教學方向，才能處理新高中課程會出現的學生個別差異的問題。面對這種種的挑戰，究竟學校政策制定者對新高中課程所持的觀點，與官方課程是否相同，抑或有異？在他們工作的學校環境中，建構新課程時又有何決定？本研究以香港新高中課程改革為背景，以實徵研究為本，探討香港中學的政策制定者對新高中課程的觀點和決定，問題有三：一、香港的學校政策制定者對新高中課程持哪些觀點？二、學校政策制定者在學校課程的建構方面有何決定？三、哪些因素影響學校政策制定者的決定？Since 2009, the senior secondary school curriculum in Hong Kong has undergone a large scale of change. Instead of taking two public examinations, all students will receive free six-year secondary school education and sit the Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education Examination at their exit point. With such a change, the Hong Kong senior secondary school curriculum faces its greatest challenge that has ever met. In terms of curriculum orientations, the new secondary school curriculum espouses compulsory education instead of elitist education. In terms of teaching and learning, the new secondary school curriculum needs to adopt various teaching methods in order to solve the problems of individual differences. With this challenge, it is interesting to explore how school policy makers perceive the new senior secondary school curriculum, as well as the decisions they make on the planning and construction of their new school curriculum. This paper aims to explore the perspectives and decision making of the school policy makers on the new secondary school curriculum. It focuses on three questions: (1) What are the perspectives of the school policy makers on the new secondary school curriculum? (2) What are the decision making of the school policy makers in constructing the new school curriculum in their own school contexts? (3) What are the factors affecting school policy makers’ decisions?

为提高100Gbit/s光通信系统的传输距离,构造了高增益的NB-QC-LDPC（非二进制准循环低密度校验码）,这种纠错码构建在伽罗华域上,适合于采用QPSK（正交相移键控）或DQPSK（差分正交相移键控）调制格式的100Gbit/s系统。文章采用对数傅里叶和积译码算法分析了NB-QC-LDPC的误码性能。结果表明,与二进制准循环低密度校验码相比,码长为500、码率为0.8的NB-QC-LDPC,在误码率为10-8时可提供约1dB的编码增益。同样,在误码率为10-8时,若码率从0.9降低至0.8,NB-QC-LDPC能多提供约0.6dB的编码增益,即在低码率时,NB-QC-LDPC具有更好的性能。

The purpose of this study was to compare the usefulness of the nucleic acid amplification (NAA) test against conventional tests under normal laboratory operational conditions. The NAA test was performed on the first sputum specimen of all patients. Liquid media culture, solid media culture, and Ziehl–Neelsen stain for an acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear were performed on three sputum specimens. The results were calculated using the gold standard of either the culture results or the clinical diagnosis. Of the 593 patients tested, 151 (25.5%) were diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. The sensitivity of the first specimen only was 64% for the NAA test, 54% for the AFB smear, 77% for BACTEC MGIT 960 culture, 40% for Lowestain-Jensen (LJ) culture, and 25% for 7H11 culture. The sensitivity when using all three specimens increased to 63% for AFB smear, 87% for BACTEC MGIT 960 culture, 51% for LJ culture, and 40% for 7H11 culture. The specificity was 100% for all culture tests, 99% for the AFB smear, and 99.5% for NAA test. The mean turnaround time was 1.34 days for NAA, 0.59 days for AFB smear, 11 days for BACTEC MGIT 960 culture, 23 days for LJ culture, and 20 days for 7H11 culture. We conclude that the sensitivity of NAA is still far from ideal, and the test is not cost effective. Thus, the COBAS AMPLICOR PCR system is not suitable for routine use in microbiology laboratories.

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Copyright of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology / Zhongguo Shipin Xuebao is the property of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology Periodical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Nonferrous Metals (Mining Section) is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Chinese Society of Animal Science is the property of Chinese Society of Animal Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Chinese Society of Animal Science is the property of Chinese Society of Animal Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: As a common disease of the elderly, the etiology and pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis have not been clearly defined, and due to its high incidence and high disability rate, it seriously affects the quality of life of patients, requiring active prevention and treatment. Studies have confirmed that flemingia has a significant effect on the prevention and treatment of knee osteoarthritis; and studying its mechanism is of great significance. OBJECTIVE: By reviewing relevant articles at home and abroad, the research progress of flemingia in the prevention and treatment of knee osteoarthritis was reviewed based on the mechanism-related signaling pathways, providing ideas and reference for the effective prevention and treatment of knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: Relevant articles published from 2010 to 2020 were retrieved on CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochran and Nature databases. A total of 60 articles were included through inclusion and exclusion criteria to exclude duplicated and old articles. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The main active components of flemingia include genistein, stigmasterol, emodin, chrysophanol, and ononin. (2) The active components of flemingia play an anti-inflammatory role in promoting osteoblast proliferation and differentiation and regulating chondrocyte apoptosis to delay the accelerated progression of knee osteoarthritis. The main regulatory pathways contain Notch, JAK2/STAT3, nuclear factor-κB, MAPK and other related signaling pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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