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教師專業能力的提升與教育品質的保障息息相關，因此也成為國際重視的重要議題，透過實施教師換證制度，定期更新教師所需之專業知識，不但有助於教師提升專業能力，也能獲得社會各界信任。本研究旨在探討中小學教師換證制度之內涵、可能遭遇阻力及配套措施，研究方法採用問卷調查方法，以學者專家、教育行政人員及學校教育人員為對象進行研究。本研究結論包含：一、換證能夠有效增進教師專業知能、維持專業水準和確保教學品質；二、換證週期以10年為最合適；三、換證採計條件以研習進修時數占多數；四、免除換證條件以獲得政府或民間團體舉辦之全國性特殊優良教師獎占多數；五、延緩證照更新條件，贊成換證期間內因生產、育嬰、侍親等事由辦理留職停薪者占多數；六、主政核發單位，贊成教育部者占多數；七、換證辦理單位贊成地方政府研習機構者占多數；八、推動換證遭遇之阻力，最主要為缺乏法源依據；九、推動換證之配套措施，主要為將換證明定於《教師法》內，取 得法源依據。根據上述結論，本研究再提出若干建議，供規劃及推動中小學教師換證體系之參考。 Enhancing teachers’ professional abilities is closely related to ensuring high education quality and has become a key educational issue globally. Teacher license renewal (TLR) systems not only benefit teachers’ professional learning but enable them to gain social trust. This study explored the contents of and resistance to implementing TLR; the study also evaluated the system for supporting TLR for elementary and secondary school teachers in Taiwan. This study was conducted using questionnaires administered to scholars, educational administrators, and school educators. Nine conclusions were drawn: (1) TLR can effectively function to enhance the professional knowledge, maintain the professional standards, and ensure the quality of teachers. (2) The TLR cycle period should be 10 years. (3) Training hours are the main consideration of TLR. (4) Most participants agreed that the Nationwide Special Excellent Teacher Awards should be accepted as an exemption to license renewal. (5) TLR should be postponable for childbirth, childcare, or paternity. (6) The Ministry of Education should be the license-issuing authority. (7) The TLR training hours should mainly include those at local government training institutes. (8) The main difficulty of promoting TLR is the lack of a legal basis. Finally, (9) the main measure proposed for supporting TLR is to amend the “Teacher Law” to obtain the legal basis. A discussion of the implications these concrete suggestions for promoting TLR is presented.

采用粪便显微分析法,通过对扎龙自然保护区和七星河自然保护区丹顶鹤春季食物组成和营养特征的研究,对比分析了两地丹顶鹤的取食异同。结果显示:两地丹顶鹤春季的食物组成差异不大,主要以禾本科、莎草科、黑三棱科和蓼科为取食对象,其中玉米、芦苇、狭叶黑三棱、三穗苔草和碱蓬等为两地丹顶鹤最重要的食物组成,采食比例可达75%左右。另外,两地丹顶鹤均将粗蛋白含量相对较高、粗纤维含量相对较低的植物作为其主要的食物组成。这表明获取大量营养物质是该时期丹顶鹤进食的首要因素。

黑龙江省富锦国家湿地公园地处黑龙江省东北部富锦市,总面积2 200 hm2。笔者于2012年6月115日对湿地公园夏季鸟类资源多样性进行了调查分析。调查划分7个生境42个监测点,共统计到夏季鸟类15目31科61种5 611只,占湿地公园鸟类种数的34.46%;记录到夏候鸟53种,留鸟8种,包括水鸟36种5 355只。通过对各生境物种多样性指数、均匀性指数和物种丰富度分析认为:多样性指数顺序为林地（3.188148）>芦苇湿地（3.003125）>水域（2.589831）>农田（2.659385）>苔草/小叶章湿地（2.557098）>香蒲湿地（2.431518）>草甸（2.354839）。均匀性指数排序为林地（0.750519）>农田（0.741817）>水域（0.647458）>香蒲湿地（0.607879）>草甸（0.602740）>苔草/小叶章湿地（0.601964）>芦苇（0.600625）。物种丰富度排序为农田（0.196721）>林地（0.1 12426）>草甸（0.075000）>苔草/小叶章湿地（0.039337）>香蒲湿地（0.031558）>芦苇湿地（0.020579）>水域（0.006070）。

丹顶鹤是我国著名的文化鸟类,在我国文化历史上具有极高的地位,历来受到全国人民的喜爱。近年来,由于环境变迁和人为干扰,野生丹顶鹤数量逐年下降,全球现存数量仅为2600只左右,而东亚的大陆种数量约1500只左右。国内外就丹顶鹤的研究与保护进行了大量的工作,并取得了明显的成果;丹顶鹤在我国是研究最广泛、最深入的鸟类,从宏观到微观,从个体到群落,从野生到饲养等各个领域;到目前为止,我国发表的涉及到丹顶鹤的文献共1162篇,并对论文发表年代、研究内容、涉及领域进行了统计和分析,并提出了我国丹顶鹤研究和保护建议。

模式产地在中国的鸟类有943种和亚种,占全国鸟类2139种和亚种的43.9％,其中单型种109,指名亚种105,合计（214）占中国鸟类1186种的18％,即种的模式产地在中国的鸟类约占中国鸟种的1/6;非雀形中为首的是鸡形目（94种和亚种）,雀形目中为首的是画眉亚科（186）;在中国命名亚种最多的种是雉鸡（17）;为首的省（区）是云南（110）;为首的命名年代是186-—1870（165）;为首的命名人是Swinhoe（131）,中国学者命名26种和亚种,为首的是郑作新（15亚种）。

貉是一种珍贵毛皮兽,食性广,属杂食性犬科动物,易饲养。近年我国养貉业发展较快,但养貉主要是屠宰取生皮出口创汇,大量的貉副产品几乎全被浪费;更严重的是养貉业被国际裘皮市场行情所制约,行情好时大家盲目发展,生皮价低落时大量宰杀种貉,有时赔,有时挣。生产极不稳定。如能对貉皮深加工,对貉副产品进行综合开发利用,则有可能使养貉业稳步发展,为国家创收更多的外汇。鲜肉呈肉红色,营养丰富,可利用价值大。据《本

吉林莫莫格自然保护区为适应发展需要,提高广大职工队伍的整体素质、专业技能和执法能力,与国家林业局中国野生动物保护与管理人才培训中心联合举办专业技术培训班。 莫莫格保护区始建于1981年;1994年被国家环保总

狸獭（Myocasror coypus）又名沼狸、海狸鼠,英名为Nutria,俄名,在动物分类学上隶属于哺乳纲、啮齿目、（?）科,原分布于南美洲的阿根廷、智利等地。由于狸獭为草食性毛皮兽,毛皮结实美观耐用,且具有耐粗饲、繁殖力强（1只成年雌兽2年可产25—30只）、饲料易获得、饲养成本低的特点,因此,近几十年来已引种扩散到德国、波兰、捷克、罗马尼亚、苏联、朝鲜、中国等许多欧、亚国家进行人工驯养繁殖。还培育出了毛色艳丽的多种彩色狸獭。1990年12月在加拿大北

一、前言小熊猫（Ailurus fulgens）在动物分类学上棣属于哺乳纲食肉目浣熊科,分布于川、滇、青、藏,数量较少,我国政府已将它列入国家Ⅱ级重点保护珍贵野生动物。动物学工作者多从小熊猫的形态、生态、分类、分布、数量、动物园驯养繁殖等方面进行研究,国内尚未见关于小熊猫的营养、饲料消化利用的研究报道。本研究通过对动物园人工饲养下的小熊猫现行饲粮的消化试验,了解动物对饲料的消化利用情况,进而对饲粮营养进

东北梅花鹿西丰品种的故乡──西丰县养鹿业考察报告马泽芳，王令刚（东北林业大学哈尔滨１５００４０）我国目前人工饲养的梅花鹿均为东北梅花鹿的后裔，初步定为五个品种，辽宁省的西丰县是梅花鹿西丰品种的故乡。酉丰县养鹿业历史悠久，养鹿业发展迅速，至１９９５年末...

本文对国内外自由飞翔野生鸟类的一些影响较大疾病的研究现状和发展趋势进行了综述，对我国的野生鸟类疾病的研究工作提出了合理的建议。

In the COVID-19 epidemic environment, in order to accurately predict the number of people with different symptom states and the development trend at the regional level, based on the SIR infectious disease model and the spatio-temporal correlation under Markov chain prediction, designs the K-SIRD infectious disease prediction model related to the infected population state and the control measures. According to the characteristics of the contagiousness among the COVID-19 epidemic population and the transfer law of different symptomatic state changes caused by the changes in the effective number of infectious Re affected by distance, the real-time accurate prediction of the changes in the number of people in different states, and according to the distribution of the symptomatic state of the population in the same area is different, different levels of control measures are used for different levels of the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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近年来,养貉业正在全国各地蓬勃发展,通过养貉走致富之路越来越被广大群众所接受。貉在科学饲养管理条件下繁殖率是很高的,胎平均产仔8±2.13只。然而由于一些饲养户,缺少科学养貉技术与经验,造成仔貉的死亡率很高,这就大大降低了养貉的经济效益,直接挫伤了部分群众从事养殖业的积极性。要想提高养貉的经济效益,需采用

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NHK Chugakusei Nikki was a weekly educational TV program produced by NHK Nagoya Broadcasting Station. It aired nationally from 1972 to 2012. This show was significant because it focused persistently on “the daily lives of ordinary” junior high school students and attracted a larger audience than other educational TV series. Interestingly, amateur teenage actors played themselves in the program. This study analyses how the program was viewed and produced. It also takes the media studies perspective to discuss why viewers considered the images of junior high school students disseminated by the program to be attractive and realistic. In doing so, it specifically references Dean MacCannell’s concept of staged authenticity. The present study is original because it presents the viewpoint that the producers, viewers, and performers of the TV program were all spectators observing the “back region” of other groups, while simultaneously being performers who showed other groups their own back region. The study finds that the television program was underpinned by the desire of viewers and producers to understand junior high school students, scrutinize their human aspects, and function as appropriate adult for students. The program also represented an attempt to preserve the boundaries between adults and junior high school students, and between being in school and out of school. The study could yield a more comprehensive understanding of the nature of real and everyday life depicted on television and other media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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