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Copyright of Shandong Medical Journal is the property of Shandong Medical Health Newspapers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shandong Medical Journal is the property of Shandong Medical Health Newspapers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences is the property of Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shandong Medical Journal is the property of Shandong Medical Health Newspapers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Kunming Medical University / Kunming Yike Daxue Xuebao is the property of Kunming Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Kunming Medical University / Kunming Yike Daxue Xuebao is the property of Kunming Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Kunming Medical University / Kunming Yike Daxue Xuebao is the property of Kunming Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shandong Medical Journal is the property of Shandong Medical Health Newspapers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shandong Medical Journal is the property of Shandong Medical Health Newspapers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Kunming Medical University / Kunming Yike Daxue Xuebao is the property of Kunming Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Kunming Medical University / Kunming Yike Daxue Xuebao is the property of Kunming Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

前列腺癌（PCa）是男性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，迫切需要开发兼具灵敏度和特异度的新型生物标志物和 治疗靶点用于PCa的早期筛查及治疗。大量研究表明，环状RNA（CircRNA）作为肿瘤诊断、治疗和预后分子标志物 具有极大的应用前景。越来越多的研究提示CircRNA可作为竞争性内源RNA（ceRNA）参与调控PCa的发生、发展， 并与PCa糖酵解、上皮间质转化、化疗耐药和放射抵抗等密切相关。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shandong Medical Journal is the property of Shandong Medical Health Newspapers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shandong Medical Journal is the property of Shandong Medical Health Newspapers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shandong Medical Journal is the property of Shandong Medical Health Newspapers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the effect of PTEN gene regulating phosphorylation of Raf-1 on apoptosis of PC3 prostate cancer cells. Methods Ras and AKT were inhibited by the inhibitors FTS and MK2206 2HCl， respectively. After that， the cellular morphology of PC3 cells was monitored under the PTEN gene over-expression and interference conditions， respectively. Additionally， the cell viability and apoptosis were detected by MTT and flow cytometry，respectively. Furthermore， the protein expression levels of Bax， Bcl-2， caspase-8， caspase-9， caspase-12 and caspase-3 were detected by western blot. The relationship between PTEN gene expression and Raf-1 phosphorylation level and PC3 cell apoptosis was analyzed. Results Compared with the control group， the phosphorylation level of Raf-1 was decreased after PTEN gene overexpression in PC3 cells， the cells were deformed， the volume was reduced， the nucleus was pyknosis， the cell viability was decreased， the apoptotic rate was increased， and the expression levels of the apoptotic proteins caspase-8， caspase-9， caspase-12， caspase-3， and proapoptotic protein Bax were significantly increased， and the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was significantly decreased （P < 0.01）；In contrast，compared with the control group， the phosphorylation level of Raf-1 was increased after PTEN gene silencing in PC3 cells，the cell morphology and number were not significantly different， the cell viability was increased，the apoptotic rate was decreased， and the expression levels of the apoptotic proteins caspase-8，caspase-9，caspase-12，caspase-3， and proapoptotic protein Bax were significantly decreased， and the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was significantly increased （P < 0.01） . Conclusion In PC3 cells，PTEN is a negative regulator of the Raf-1 phosphorylation， apoptosis could be enhanced and inhibited by its gene overexpression and silencing， respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Kunming Medical University / Kunming Yike Daxue Xuebao is the property of Kunming Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Kunming Medical University / Kunming Yike Daxue Xuebao is the property of Kunming Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Kunming Medical University / Kunming Yike Daxue Xuebao is the property of Kunming Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Kunming Medical University / Kunming Yike Daxue Xuebao is the property of Kunming Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shandong Medical Journal is the property of Shandong Medical Health Newspapers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shandong Medical Journal is the property of Shandong Medical Health Newspapers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Kunming Medical University / Kunming Yike Daxue Xuebao is the property of Kunming Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Kunming Medical University / Kunming Yike Daxue Xuebao is the property of Kunming Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Kunming Medical University / Kunming Yike Daxue Xuebao is the property of Kunming Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

膀胱癌是泌尿系统常见恶性肿瘤,高危非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(NMIBC)的治疗是目前临床中的主要难点之一,早期诊断、个体化治疗并加强随访对改善患者预后具有十分重要的意义。手术配合辅助性膀胱灌注治疗是治疗高危NMIBC的首选方案,手术治疗包括经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT)、经尿道激光手术、Ⅱ期根治性膀胱切除术、光动力学辅助TURBT和荧光膀胱镜辅助TURBT等;辅助性膀胱灌注治疗包括膀胱灌注免疫治疗和膀胱灌注化疗,术后膀胱灌注化疗和免疫治疗有利于改善高危NMIBC患者的预后水平,但在灌注治疗中对于药物、时机、疗程、剂量的选择目前尚存争议。近年来,随着精准医疗和转化医学的发展,又涌现了基因治疗、靶向治疗等精准治疗手段。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Kunming Medical University / Kunming Yike Daxue Xuebao is the property of Kunming Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical result of treating upper urinary tract calculi greater than 2cmwith combining flexible and rigid ureteroscopic Ho： YAG laser lithotripsy under the help of ESWL．MethodsForty patients with upper urinary tract calculi greater than 2 cm were observed, the diameter of the calculi of them wasbetween 2 cm and 3.2 cm, and the average value was 2.6 cm．Twenty-one patients were treated by combiningflexible and rigid ureteroscopic Ho：YAG laser lithotripsy, others were treated by flexible ureteroscopic Ho：YAGlaser lithotripsy only, and ESWL was performed after the operation for some big remains．ResultsThe averageoperative time of combining flexible and rigid ureteroscopic group was 96 minutes, and that of the other group was144 minutes, the difference of operative time between these 2 groups was significant （P＜0.05）．In combiningflexible and rigid ureteroscopic group 13 patients got a successful lithotripsy in the operation, 6 patients with bigremains got a successful ESWL after the operation, the total success rate of this group was 90%；to the other group, 8 patients got a successful lithotripsy in the operation, 4 patients with big remains got a successful ESWL after theoperation, the total success rate of this group was 60%, the difference was significant （P＜0.05）．No serious complications occurred in both groups．ConclusionCompared with the flexible ureteroscopic Ho： YAG laserlithotripsy, combining flexible and rigid ureteroscopic Ho：YAG laser lithotripsy can get a better result for shorteroperative time, higher success rate, in treatment of upper urinary tract calculi greater than 2 cm, and the help ofESWL will make the results better．However, careful chosen of patients is important for a good result． [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effects of career and life habits on the male reproduction in Yunnan Province．Methods Semen routine 562 cases of infertility patients were observed，and then according to the profession，to analyze the correlation of sterility with occupation，type of work，alcohol，tobacco，hobbies and habits．Results Infertile patients were distributed in a variety of profession such as driving， cooking drivers， cooks，IT，electric welding，farmers whose semen were compared with the general population，sperm deformity rate was higher．Compared with normal abdomen circumference men， the early stage of the central obesity and central obesity in male semen volume were reduced．Drinking 1 to 2 times per week accounted for about 16.4%；1 to 2 times daily by 4.6% 64.7% of the total smokers，daily 5-10-11.5%；Daily 10-20-22.6%；20.3% more than 20 cigarettes a day．Conclusion smoking， drinking alcohol， using computers， sedentary， factors such as obesity and overweight were the common causes affecting sperm quality，so it is advisable for patients to correct their bad habits． [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shandong Medical Journal is the property of Shandong Medical Health Newspapers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective The purpose of this study was to observe the distribution of CD3+T lymphocyte in the tissue of bladder cancer and epithelium of paracancer area，and analyze the significance. Methods Biopsy was performed in 28 patients with bladder cancer，and the distribution and number of CD3+T lymphocyte in tissue of bladder cancer and epithelium of paracancer area were observed and compared using immunohistochemistry. Results Many of CD3+T lymphocytes could be observed in the epithelium of paracancer tissues， but CD3+T lymphocytes in cancer nests was few. The average number of CD3+T lymphocytes in every 5 typical microscope visual fields of paracancer tissues and cancer nests was 15±4.5 and 4±2.2，respectively，and the difference was significant（ < 0.05） . Conclusion Distribution of CD3+T lymphocytes in bladder cancer nests and paracancer tissues was different，which may be related to the immune escape and prognosis of bladder cancer. It is worthy of further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deletion of tumor suppressor gene PTEN's expression was familiar in many tumors, including prostate cancer. The guide would be given in the diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of prostate cancer by studying about PTEN's tumor suppression mechanism and relation with expression deletion. This review makes an overview focusing on the recent progress of PTEN's structure, function, expression deletion，and the correlation between PTEN and prostate cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Kunming Medical University / Kunming Yike Daxue Xuebao is the property of Kunming Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shandong Medical Journal is the property of Shandong Medical Health Newspapers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Kunming Medical University / Kunming Yike Daxue Xuebao is the property of Kunming Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)