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Since the first successful use of oocyte cryopreservation and resuscitation, to obtain twin pregnancies, in 1986, oocyte cryopreservation has gradually become an intervention measure for iatrogenic ovarian dysfunction. In recent years, the number of patients with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) has shown an increasing trend, and the preservation of their fertility is receiving increasing attention. The iatrogenic influencing factors of DOR mainly include reproductive system surgery, tumor radiotherapy and chemotherapy, etc. Oocyte cryopreservation is a first-line treatment option for fertility preservation, and its safety, applicability, utilization rate, and egg donation treatment in the clinical application of iatrogenic DOR patients have been confirmed by clinical data and relevant literature. However, the issues related to the timing of oocyte cryopreservation, limitations of clinical application and ethical policies cannot be ignored. Oocyte cryopreservation is of great significance for improving the pregnancy outcomes of unmarried patients with iatrogenic DOR and the reproductive autonomy of married patients. After clarifying the iatrogenic influencing factors of DOR, it is recommended to seek consultation from multiple disciplines such as oncology, gynecology and reproductive health as soon as possible to develop the personalized oocyte cryopreservation plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Medical Equipment Journal is the property of Chinese Medical Equipment Journal Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To explore the effect of vitrification cryopreservation time on the outcome of cleavage embryo transfer. Methods: From January 2017 to December 2020, 3 847 cases of vitrification cryoresuscitation transfer of cleavage embryos, including 8 767 freeze-thaw embryos, were performed in Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University. According to the cryopreservation time of embryos, the embryos were divided into 5 groups: group 1 was ≤1 year, group 2 1-2 years, group 3 2-3 years, group 4 3-4 years and group 5 ＞4 years. The general situation of patients, embryo thawing and recovery and clinical outcomes were compared among the groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the effect of maternal age at oocyte retrieval and embryo transfer, embryo cryopreservation time, the number of transferred embryos or high-quality embryos on the pregnancy outcome. Results: There were significant differences in the maternal age at oocyte retrieval and embryo transfer, the number of transferred embryos, pregnancy rate and live birth rate (P＜0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that maternal age at oocyte retrieval or embryo transfer, and embryo cryopreservation time had no significant effect on the pregnancy rate and live birth rate (P＞0.05), while there were significant differences in the number of transferred embryos and high-quality embryos (P＜0.05). Conclusions: The duration of vitrification cryopreservation had no significant effect on the cleavage stage embryo resuscitation and pregnancy outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的分析卵裂期无可移植胚胎的患者，在第5天新鲜移植Gardner I期，Ⅱ期囊胚的临床结局，探讨最佳的移植策略。方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2019年12月本中心行IVF治疗，卵裂期无可移植胚胎行囊胚培养并且单囊胚移植的患者，其中 I期囊胚移植组97个周期，Ⅱ期囊胚移植组81个周期，对照组为第3天为2级胚胎的卵裂胚新鲜移植组754个周期（对照组 1），卵裂期无可移植胚胎的第6天冷冻囊胚FET周期144例（对照组 2）。研究组和对照组均为单囊胚/单胚胎移植周期。分析各组的临床结局及新生儿情况，包括活产率，临床妊娠率，早期流产率，继续妊娠率，新生儿出生孕周，体质量，身长。结果与对照组1相比，新鲜周期第5天的Ⅰ期囊胚移植组活产率（7.22% vs. 18.83%），临床妊娠率（11.34% vs. 25.33%）和继续妊娠率（7.22% vs. 19.89%）均显著下降（PP>0.05）。Ⅱ期囊胚移植组与对照组1相比，临床结局以及新生儿情况比较，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。与对照组2相比，新鲜周期第5天的Ⅰ期囊胚移植组活产率（7.22% vs. 15.97%），临床妊娠率（11.34% vs. 24.31%）和继续妊娠率（7.22% vs. 15.97%）均显著下降（PP>0.05）。Ⅱ期囊胚移植组与对照组2相比，临床结局以及新生儿情况比较，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论对于卵裂期不可移植胚胎行囊胚培养，第5天的I期囊胚继续延长培养后FET移植，Ⅱ期囊胚新鲜移植，可获得较高的临床妊娠率和活产率。

Copyright of Journal of China Medical University is the property of Journal of China Medical University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the technology development of cancer treatment, the survival rate of patients with cancer has been significantly improved. However, chemotherapy and radiation therapy may lead to premature ovarian failure and infertility in young women with cancer. Cryopreserved ovarian tissue auto-transplantation is an effective method to preserve fertility of such female patients. At present, the biggest challenge of this technique is mass loss of follicles after transplantation. In this article, the influencing factors and improvement methods of survival of cryopreserved ovarian tissue autotransplantation were reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effect of laser artificial shrinkage on the pregnancy outcome of single blastocysts transfer with different developmental days and stages in in the frozen-thawed cycles Methods The clinical data of 336 cases of frozen thawed single blastocyst transplantation cycles in reproductive center of Yulin maternal and Children Health Hospital in Guangxi were analyzed retrospectively. According to whether laser shrinkage was performed, the patients were divided into laser shrinkage group（227 cases) and non-shrinkage group（106 cases). According to the development time of blastocyst, the experimental group was divided into five groups：shrinkage D5 group, shrinkage D6 group, non shrinkage D5 group and non shrinkage D6 group. Then according to the score of cell mass and trophoblast layer in blastocyst，the experimental group was divided into three groups：shrinkage D5 group, shrinkage D6 group，non shrinkage D5 group and non shrinkage D6 group. The clinical outcomes of cryothaw transfer of single blastocysts with different developmental time and different grades were compared among the three groups. Results Compared with the single blastocyst and with the same development time, the abortion rate of D5 group with laser shrinkage was higher than that of D5 group without shrinkage, and the difference was statistically significant（P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the other outcome indicators between the wrinkled group and the non-wrinkled group（P > 0.05). Compared with the single blastocysts of the same grade，the pregnancy rate of the wrink-led embryo group was significantly higher than that of the other groups（P > 0.05). Conclusion Laser shrinkage can improve the clinical pregnancy rate of high quality single blastocyst transplantation but it can also increase the risk of D5 single blastocyst abortion rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective：To study the effect and mechanism of simvastatin on the quality of vitrified-warmed ovarian tissue after auto-transplantation in mice. Methods：Eighty female ICR mice aged 6 to 8 weeks were used. Fresh ovarian tissues (fresh ovarian tissue group) were collected from 10 mice, and vitrified-warmed ovarian tissues (vitrified -warmed ovarian tissue group) were collected from other 10 mice, whose ovaries were removed and vitrified by two-step vitrification procedures. Ovarian tissues of 60 mice were removed and vitrified for one week. After thawing, ovarian tissues were auto-transplanted to the back muscles. Survival mice were randomly divided into two groups. The mice in simvastatin group (n =30) were administered with simvastatin (5 mg/kg, orally), whereas the mice in saline group (n=30) received normal saline as control. Two treatments lasted for 7 days after auto-transplantation. Mice were sacrificed on the day 3, 7 and 21, five mice were killed in every time point for each group. Ovarian tissues were collected for HE, ki67, CD34 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay (Tunel). Serum was collected for detecting E2 and FSH on the day 3, 7 and 21. Moreover mice were sacrificed on the day 3 and 7，five mice were killed in every time point for each group. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were analyzed. Results：Compared with the fresh ovarian tissue, the vitrified-warmed ovarian tissue had lower number of antral follicles and higher number of Tunel positive cells (both P＜0.05). Ki67 in the ovarian tissue was mainly expressed in the granulosa cells and ovarian stroma cells. On the day 3 and 7 after transplantation, the number of primordial follicles in the simvastatin group was higher, and the number of apoptotic follicles was less, than those in the saline group (both P＜0.05). On the day 21, the ovarian tissue grew well and the antral follicles were found in both groups. The number of antral follicles of simvastatin group was higher than saline group. The CD34-positive area in the simvastatin group was increased than that in the saline group (P＜0.05) on the day 3 and 7. The levels of serum E2 was significantly increased after transplantation, and the level of FSH was decreased on the day 21. In the simvastatin group, the level of SOD was increased, and MDA decreased, on the day 3 and 7 (both P＜0.05). Conclusions：Treatment with simvastatin after auto - transplantation of ovarian tissue can prevent the ovarian damage and restore ovarian function through the mechanisms of anti-oxidation and reconstruction of blood vessels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective：To evaluate the cryopreservation effects of the programmed freezing and the vitrification freezing on human ovarian tissue. Methods: Human ovarian tissue specimens of 19 endometrial carcinoma cases were collected. The tissue specimen was divided into two parts: one was cryopreserved with the programmed freezing (the group A), and another with the vitrification freezing （ｔhe group B）． 38 SCID nude mice （transplanted host）were equally divided into two groups，and the thawed human ovarian tissues from the two groups were transplanted to jugular subcutaeous. The day of transplanted host received ovariectomy was defined as D0, while the day of human ovarian tissue transplanted defined as D21. The vaginal cytology examination of transplanted host was performed daily for observation of estrous cycle until D63. The levels of serum AMH on D0, D21, D42 and D63 were measured using ELISA. Results: The estrous cycle of the ovariectomy mice disappeared. A total of 14 transplanted hosts in two groups recovered the estrous cycle up to D63，and there was no significant difference between the two groupｓ （８ in the group A and 6 in the group B, P＞0.0５）． However, the recovering time of the estrous cycle in the group A was significantly shorter than that in the group B [(16.38±1.60) d vs. (18.33 ±1.21)d, P＜0.05]． There were no significant differences in the AMH levels on D0, D21, D42 and D63 between the two groupｓ （Ｐ＞0.05）． The AMH level on D21 was significantly lower than that on D0 in the group A or B (all P<0.05). The AMH level in those transplanted hosts who had recovered estrous cycle on D42 and D63 was recovered but did not return to the level on D0, while the AMH level in the transplanted hosts who had not recovered their estrous cycle on D42 and D63 did not rebound and was still significantly lower than that on D0. Conclusions: Both the programmed freezing and the vitrification freezing can effectively preserve ovarian tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的对比分析慢速冷冻法、玻璃化冷冻法保存小鼠卵巢组织的效果。方法将BALB/C雌性小 鼠随机均分为慢速冷冻组、玻璃化冷冻组，取卵巢组织后分别进行慢速冷冻、玻璃化冷冻。冷冻21天结束 时，取卵巢组织进行病理学观察，比较两组各级卵泡正常率；采用免疫组化法检测卵巢组织中血管生成素2 (Ang-2)及其受体酪氨酸激酶受体2 (Tie-2)表达。结果慢速冷冻组始基卵泡正常率高于玻璃化冷冻组 (P<0.05 )，初级卵泡、次级卵泡正常率比较差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05)。两组颗粒细胞冷冻前 Ang-2( + + + )、Tie-2( + + + )阳性表达率均高于冷冻后，慢速冷冻组解冻后颗粒细胞Ang-2( + + + )、 Tie-2( + + + )阳性表达率均高于玻璃化冷冻组；两组卵泡膜细胞冷冻前Ang-2、Tie-2阳性表达率均高于冷冻 后，慢速冷冻组解冻后卵泡膜细胞Ang-2、Tie-2阳性表达率均高于玻璃化冷冻组；组间及组内比较/^均< 0.05(结论慢速冷冻法、玻璃化冷冻法均会损伤卵巢组织内各级卵泡，并导致Ang-2、Tie-2表达变化，但慢 速冷冻法对卵巢组织的损伤更小。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

： 【目的】比较卵裂期胚胎复苏后囊胚培养移植与复苏嚢胚移植的单胎分娩结局，探讨最佳冻存方 案。【方法】回顾性分析2014年1月至2016年10月在本中心行复苏周期移植（FET）并单胎分娩的患者，囊胚复苏 组1 037个周期，卵裂胚复苏囊胚培养组690个周期。分析两组的新生儿分娩结局，其中包括平均孕周，平均体 质量，男婴出生率，早产率，极早产率，低体质量率，极低体质量率，先天异常率。【结果】平均胎龄，新生儿平均体 质量，活产、健康抱婴以及死胎的比例两组没有统计学差异（P>0.05）。出生性别比差异没有统计学意义；早产 率，极早产率，低出生体质量率，极低出生体质量率以及先天异常率两组没有统计学差异（P>0.05）；校正后，出生 男婴率（AOR 1.07，95% CI 0.86~1.34），早产率（AOR 0.7，95% CI 0.49~1.01），极早产率（AOR 1.47，95% CI 0.55~ 3.96），低出生体质量率（AOR 1.38，95% CI 0.86~2.22），极低出生体质量率（AOR 0.76，95% CI 0.20~2.83）以及先天 异常率（AOR 1.58，95% CI 0.66~3.76）两组仍然没有统计学差异（P>0.05）。【结论】新鲜囊胚冷冻后择期复苏移植 能获得较好的新生儿结局，是目前较佳的囊胚培养和移植方案。

Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of blastocyst implantation by continuously sequential culture after vitrified frozen D3 cleavage embryo recovery and vitrified frozen blastocyst. Methods One hundred and fifty-eight cases of completed blastocysts implantation cycle in our center from April 2015 to April 2017 were analyzed retrospectively，including 109 cycles of frozen-thawing vitrified frozen blastocyst implantation （group A） and 49 cycles of blastocysts implantation by sequential culture after vitrified frozen D3 cleavage embryo recovery. The implantation rate，clinical pregnancy rate，ectopic pregnancy and early abortion rate were compared between the two groups. Results In 109 cycles of the group A，196 blastocysts were thawed， 168 blastocysts survived，the recovery rate was 85.71%（168 /196），101 blastocyst cycles obtained transfer，the implantation rate was 39.39%（65/165），the clinical pregnant rate was 48.51%（49/101） and the early abortion rate was 10.20%（5/49）. In 49 cycles of the group B，there were 175 D3 cleavage embryos，167 D3 cleavage embryos survived after thawing，the recovery rate was 95.43%（167/175），in which 69 transplantable blastocysts were formed in 40 cycles and used for transfer，but 9 cycles were cancelled due to no blastocyst formation，the blastocyst formation rate was 41.32% （69/167），the implantation rate was 31.88% （22/69），18 clinical pregnancy cycles were obtained，the pregnancy rate was 45.00% （18/40） and the early abortion rate was 11.11%（2/18）.The blastocyst recovery rate of the group A was significantly lower than the D3 cleavage stage embryo recovery rate of the group B （P＜0.05）.There were no differences in implamtation rate， clinical pregnancy rate，early abortion rate and ectopic pregnancy rate between the two groups（P>0.05）. Conclusion The blastocyst may be the preferable stage for vitrifying and freezing embryo，the vitrified frozen blastocyst implantation after unfreezing can get higher pregnancy rate，but the blastocyst implantation by in vitro sequential culture after D3 cleavage embryo freeze-thawing needs to be carefully carried out by closely combining with the clinical actual situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

摘 要: 【目的】 检测玻璃化冷冻方法对人卵巢皮质组织形态学和凋亡情况的影响,为其进一步应用于肿瘤患者卵巢生育力保存的安全性及可行性奠定基础?【方法】 卵巢组织来自4例因疾病原因行部分卵巢切除术的患者,术后病理均提示无肿瘤细胞转移或其他干扰实验结果的病灶存在?将获得的卵巢组织分离出皮质切割成薄片,采用自身对照,随机平均分为新鲜对照组(F组)和玻璃化冷冻组(V组),两组薄片进行HE染色后,比较两组卵巢组织冻融前后的卵泡形态与各级卵泡所占比例及组织间质形态,原位末端转移酶标记(TUNEL)技术和Westernblot检测卵巢组织冻融前后细胞的凋亡情况? 【结果】 F组的原始卵泡?初级卵泡?次级卵泡分别为(55.5 ± 4.9)%?(34.6 ± 1.6)%和(9.9 ± 7.6)%,V组的各级卵泡比例分别为(51.2 ± 5.1)%?(36.7 ± 1.6)%和(12.1 ± 3.5)%,两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05);使用TUNEL法比较两组的组织内细胞凋亡情况,其差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05);进一步使用Western Blot法检测两组组织内Cleaved Caspase-3的表达量,其结果与TUNEL法一致,两组间差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)?【结论】 玻璃化冷冻法对卵巢组织的形态学和凋亡没有明显的影响,但其大规模临床应用仍有待更多的研究论证?

【目的】 探讨行囊胚活检后,活检胚胎最佳的冷冻时机?【方法】 258枚小鼠优质囊胚进行囊胚活检,分别在活检后0 h(n = 43),0.5 h(n = 39),1 h(n = 50),2 h(n = 49)进行玻璃化冷冻,仅行活检的新鲜囊胚(n = 48)以及冷冻的未活检囊胚(n = 29)分别作为对照组,观察各组的复苏率?重新扩张率和孵出率,并计数囊胚细胞总数?凋亡细胞数?囊胚DNA完整率和活检部位凋亡细胞数?【结果】 各组的存活率?重新扩张率和孵出率无差别;平均囊胚细胞总数?凋亡细胞数?囊胚DNA完整率和活检部位凋亡细胞数差别无统计学意义?【结论】 小鼠囊胚活检后不同时间点冷冻效果未观察到差异,可根据工作需要灵活安排活检囊胚的冷冻时间?

【目的】探讨细胞松弛素B和解冻程序对玻璃微细管法（GMP）玻璃化冷冻小鼠卵母细胞的影响。【方法】以小鼠MII期卵母细胞为模型，研究冷冻前细胞松弛素B预处理、不同解冻程序对小鼠卵母细胞冷冻效果的影响；随后对经GMP玻璃化冷冻的卵母细胞直接进行培养以检测冷冻是否诱发孤雌发育。【结果】与对照组相比．细胞松弛素B预处理的卵母细胞存活率、受精率、卵裂率及囊胚率没有显著差异（89．3％vs91．3％．44．0％vs40．4％，30．0％vs27．7％，4．0％vs6．4％；P〉0．05）；采用连续浓度梯度递减解冻法的受精率明显高于间断浓度梯度递减解冻法（57．4％vs40．4％；P〈0．05），且前者的卵裂率和囊胚发育率也相对较高f40，2％vs27，7％，14．5％vs6．4％；P〉0．05）。冷冻复苏后卵母细胞的孤雌发育率稍高于未经冷冻的卵母细胞（17．1％vs3．2％；P〉0．05）。【结论】细胞松弛素B预处理对MII期小鼠卵母细胞的GMP玻璃化冷冻保存效果没有影响：采用连续浓度梯度递减解冻法能明显提高复苏后卵母细胞的体外发育能力。

【目的】比较慢速冷冻、麦管玻璃化冷冻和尼龙网玻璃化冷冻对人类卵巢组织中卵泡形态的影响。【方法】16例人卵巢组织切成薄片随机分配到新鲜卵巢组(A组)、麦管玻璃化冷冻组(B组)、尼龙网玻璃化冷冻组(C组)和慢速冷冻组(D组)后行组织学和电镜检查。【结果】A、B、C、D组中形态正常的原始卵泡比例分别为72.5%±8.4%、65.6%±12.8%、66.1%±11.1%、48.4%±13.3%;形态正常的初级卵泡比例分别为62.0%±13.9%、58.1%±7.9%、59.0%±16.2%、37.0%±14.0%。D组中形态正常的原始卵泡比例和初级卵泡比例均明显低于A、B、C组。B、C组形态正常的原始卵泡比例和初级卵泡比例,与A组相比无统计学差异。B、C组中形态正常的原始卵泡超微结构无明显改变,D组中形态正常的原始卵泡超微结构存在一定程度的改变。【结论】玻璃化冷冻是人类卵巢组织较适宜的冷冻保存方法。