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旨在为辣木籽抗菌肽的储存、加工提供参考，以实验室前期筛选的具有较好抑制金黄色葡萄球菌生长的辣木籽肽F2和F3为原料，测定其在不同储存、加工条件下的相对抑菌率，分析抑菌稳定性。结果表明：低温储存有利于辣木籽抗菌肽F2和F3抑菌活性的保留，且储存温度为-20 ℃时，其抑菌活性受储存时间影响较小；F2、F3随pH增大相对抑菌率先升高后降低，F2、F3适宜的pH分别为6和8；加工温度、超声波功率升高，F2、F3相对抑菌率降低；相比于Na+和K+，Mg2+对F2、F3相对抑菌率的降低作用更大。实际加工和储存过程中应选择合适的条件，以保证辣木籽抗菌肽抑菌活性的保留。 In order to provide reference for the storage and processing of antimicrobial peptides from Moringa oleifera seeds, the Moringa oleifera seed peptide F2 and F3 with good anti-Staphylococcus aureus activity screened in the laboratory were used as raw materials to determine their relative bacterial inhibition rates under different storage and processing conditions and to analyze antimicrobial stability. The results showed that low temperature storage was beneficial to the rentention of antimicrobial acitivity of F2,F3, and the antimicrobial activity was less affected by the storage time when the storage temperature was -20 ℃. The relative bacterial inhibition rate of F2 and F3 increased and then decreased with the increase of pH, and the suitable pH of F2 and F3 were 6 and 8, respectively. The relative bacterial inhibition rate of F2 and F3 decreased with the increase of processing temperature and ultrasonic power. Compared with Na+ and K+, Mg2+ had a greater effect on reducing the relative bacterial inhibition rate of F2 and F3. The suitable conditions should be selected during actual processing and storage to ensure the retention of the antimicrobial activity of Moringa oleifera seeds antimicrobial peptide.

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This paper summarized the multidisciplinary collaboration-based nursing measuers for a patient undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) combined with cerebrovascular interventional surgery. Key issues and consideration of nursing included: Close observation of vital signs, prevention of cardiac tamponade and intracranial hypertension after interventional surgery, monitoring of kidney function and coagulation function, prevention of arterial puncture bleeding and prevention of venous thrombosis of lower limbs, adopting the treatment of integrated Traditional Chinese and Western medicine to improve the symptoms of constipation and insomnia, improving the postoperative quality of life of patients, comprehensive analysis of patient psychological state after major surgery and implementation of corresponding psychological nursing and specific discharge guidance. (本文总结1例心脏血管经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术(PTCA)合并脑血管介入手术患者的护理措施。护理要点包括: 严密观察生命体征, 介入手术后预防心包填塞与颅内高压, 加强肾脏功能和凝血功能的监测, 预防动脉穿刺处出血和预防下肢静脉血栓形成, 通过给予中西医结合护理改善便秘及失眠的症状, 提高患者术后生活质量, 全面分析患者大手术后心理状态并给予相应的心理护理和有针对性的出院指导。)

为进一步提高辣木籽蛋白资源的开发利用，采用盐提法提取辣木籽蛋白，再采用超声波辅助酶法制备辣木籽ACE抑制肽。以水解度和ACE抑制率为评价指标，通过单因素实验探究超声波功率、超声酶解时间、超声酶解温度及料液比对制备ACE抑制肽的影响,采用响应面法对制备工艺条件进行优化。结果表明：超声波辅助酶法制备辣木籽ACE抑制肽的最佳酶解工艺条件为碱性蛋白酶添加量5.5 mg/mL、pH 9、超声波功率500 W、超声酶解时间1.7 h、超声酶解温度55 ℃、料液比1∶ 45，在此条件下制备的酶解物ACE抑制率达到78.32%，水解度为778%。以辣木籽为原料制备ACE抑制肽作为功能性蛋白肽产品，可有效提高辣木籽蛋白资源的开发利用。 To further improve the exploitation of Moringa oleifera seed protein resources, the protein in Moringa oleifera seeds was extracted by salt extraction method, and then Moringa oleifera seeds ACE inhibitory peptide was prepared by ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis. With the degree of hydrolysis and ACE inhibition rate as the evaluation indexes, the effects of the ultrasonic power, ultrasonic enzymolysis time, ultrasonic enzymolysis temperature and ratio of material to liquid on the preparation of ACE inhibitory peptide were studied through single factor experiment. The preparation process conditions of ACE inhibitory peptide were optimized by response surface methodology. The results showed that the optimal ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were obtained as follows: Alkaline protease dosage 5.5 mg/mL,pH 9,ultrasonic power 500 W, ultrasonic enzymolysis time 1.7 h, ultrasonic enzymolysis temperature 55 ℃ and ratio of material to liquid 1∶ 45. Under these conditions, the ACE inhibition rate of the prepared product reached 78.32% and the degree of hydrolysis was 7.78%. Using ACE inhibitory peptide prepared from Moringa oleifera seeds as a functional protein peptide product can effectively improve the exploitation of Moringa oleifera seed protein resources.

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"Godo" is a Japanese fermented soybean food. This study evaluated the effect of temperature on the quality of godo during storage using microbiological methods. The sample stored at 25°C exhibited a thinner odor and white film on its surface. Bacillus subtilis and Wickerhamomyces anomalus were isolated from the sample. When a godo sample containing the isolated strain of W. anomalus was stored at 25°C, it reproduced the thinner odor and white film. The growth of the strain was inhibited at low temperatures, but not by NaCl. These results suggest that W. anomalus is the cause of godo spoilage, and that godo should be stored at low temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Online games using Scratch were designed to help students acquire knowledge of molecular biology and biochemistry, which are fundamental to biotechnology. The games were created to enhance understanding of RNA codon tables, the structure of amino acid side chains, the names and structures of organic compounds, the overview of metabolic maps, and English vocabulary related to biotechnology. The students played those games during their classes. The effectiveness of the games was evaluated by a questionnaire. The students rated the games as helpful for their understanding of the classes, whereas the English vocabulary games received lower ratings. Overall, the study showed that the lecturers were able to develop learning games in Scratch and utilize them in a classroom setting even without needing to have any previous programming experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The long-term maintenance of graft function following organ transplantation is a crucial issue for future consideration. Recently, donor-derived cell-free DNA has emerged as a non-invasive and sensitive serum biomarker for monitoring graft failure. Its effectiveness in early diagnosis of acute rejection, evaluating therapeutic efficacy, reducing invasive diagnostic procedures, and facilitating safe outpatient monitoring has been well-established. Moreover, it is expected to enhance long-term graft survival when used in conjunction with conventional biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: To investigate the effect of Guyanxiao cataplasm on rabbits with knee osteoarthritis （KOA） and explore its related molecular mechanisms. Methods: A total of 50 rabbits were randomly divided into normal group, model group, Cataplasm base group, Qizhengxiaotong Plaster group and Guyanxiao cataplasm group, with 10 rabbits in each group. Except for normal group, knee joints of other groups were injected with sodium iodoacetate to create a rabbit KOA model. After two weeks of successful model building, the model group did not do any treatment, other groups were given topical Cataplasm base, Qizhengxiaotong Plaster group and Guyanxiao for external application. After 6 weeks of treatment, HE staining was used to observe pathological changes of cartilage tissues of knee joints of rabbits in each group, TUNEL staining was used to observe apoptosis of chondrocytes in knee joints of rabbits in each group, and ELISA was used to detect secretion levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-18 and TNF-α in synovial fluid of rabbits in each group, expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA and protein in cartilage tissues were determined by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot. Results: Compared with normal group, cartilage tissue structure of model group was disordered, a large number of inflammatory cells were exuded, boundaries of the various layers of Cataplasm matrix group were unclear, cell arrangement was slightly disordered, and the cells were proliferating, apoptosis rate of chondrocytes in model group and Cataplasm matrix group was significantly increased （P<0.01）, levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-18 and TNF-α in synovial fluid were increased significantly （P<0.01）, and expression of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein in cartilage tissue were significantly reduced（ P<0.01）, while Bax mRNA and protein expression were increased （P<0.05）. Compared with model group, morphology of chondrocytes in Guyanxiao cataplasm group and Qizhengxiaotong Plaster group were relatively regular, the nucleus is oval, and the staining was evenly distributed, apoptosis rate of chondrocytes in Guyanxiao cataplasm group and Qizhengxiaotong Plaster group was significantly decreased （P<0.01）, expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-18 and TNF-α in synovial fluid were decreased significantly （P<0.01）, and expression of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein in cartilage tissue were significantly up-regulated（ P<0.01）, while expression of Bax mRNA and protein were significantly down-regulated （P<0.01）. Conclusion: Guyanxiao cataplasm can inhibit secretion of inflammatory factors, promoting expression of Bcl-2, reducing activation of Bax, inhibiting the occurrence of chondrocyte apoptosis, protecting cartilage cells, and can delay the progression of KOA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The choice of running shoes contributes to the running economy （RE）, which is one of the important capacities for distance running performance. Recently, the development of running shoes with high compliance and resilience midsoles and integrated carbon-fiber plates has led to improvements in longdistance running performance. This study aimed to compare the biomechanical variables when wearing carbon-fiber plate running shoes （Nike ZoomX Vaporfly Next%: VN） and conventional running shoes （Nike Zoom Streak 7: ST7） and investigate the factors contributing to the improvement in RE. 10 longdistance runners evaluated the RE, lower limb joint angle, vertical ground reaction force, ground contact time, step frequency, and surface electromyogram with wearing two running shoes （VN and ST7）. Notable results were that 1） the VN was a 5.7 % on average better RE than the ST7, 2） the ankle joint was more in a plantar flexion position throughout the support phase in the VN than the ST7. Other biomechanical variables were not significantly different between the running shoes. In addition, the most RE improvement （17.2 %） runner with the VN compared to the ST7 showed >1SD difference in dorsiflexion of the ankle joint, flexion of the hip joint, and an internal rotation of the ankle joint compared to an average of the ten runner’s lower limb joint angle at the support phase. On the other hand, one runner decreased RE （4.3 %） when wearing the VN compared to the ST7. This runner showed >1SD difference in an internal rotation of the knee joint throughout the support phase compared to an average of the ten runner’s lower limb joint angle. These results suggest that the VN provide superior energy returns, which contributes to the improvement of RE, but not all runners can benefit from the improvement of RE by wearing the VN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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