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Good mechanical properties of a set cement are of significance to the sealing integrity of the cement sheath. In recent years, with unconventional oil and gas resources becoming the main contributor to the production of oil and gas, and with more gas storage facilities being developed and constructed, set cement in well cementing with better mechanical properties is required to satisfy the needs of sealing integrity in complex oil and gas wells. In this paper, the investigation and survey done on set cement mechanical property improvement both at home and abroad are described, the methods and materials, as well as the mechanisms for the methods and the materials to work in improving the mechanical properties of set cement are systematically elaborated, the way in which the ultra-high performance concreate improves the mechanical properties of the oil well cement is introduced with emphasis, and the newest progresses made in the study of nanofibers, nanotubes and whiskers are expounded. The information and the thoughts of this article will hopefully be helpful in future studying on the improvement the mechanical properties of oil well set cement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]