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牧場草地へのシカ侵入防止策を開発するための基礎的知見を得ることを目的とし，飼育下におけるキュウシュウジカ（以下，飼育シカ）（Cervus nippon nippon）の発育ならびに跳躍力について検討を行った。飼育シカ2 頭（雌雄各1 頭）を用い，0～36 ヵ月齢にかけての発育を調査した。36 ヵ月齢時の体重はオスで40 ㎏，メスで29 ㎏を示し，頭部高は109 および97 ㎝，体長は75 および65 ㎝といずれも性差が認められた。34 ヵ月齢時には，飼育シカの跳躍力について調査した。オスは高さ120 ㎝のネット柵と奥行き210 ㎝の障害物をそれぞれ跳び越え，メスも同様な結果を示した。以上より，本研究のキュウシュウジカの発育には性差がみられたものの，跳躍力には差がみられず，頭部高の約1.2 倍に相当する高さ120 ㎝の柵，体長の約3 倍に相当する奥行き210 ㎝の障害物をそれぞれ跳び越えることが明らかになった。, This study investigated the growth and jumping ability of captive sika deer (Cervus nippon nippon) to develop a method for preventing their invasion into grasslands. The weights and heights of two captive sika deer (one male, one female) were recorded from 0 to 36 months old. The male weight at 36 months was 40 kg, and the female weight was 29 kg. The height at the top of the head was 109 cm and the body length was 75 cm in the male, and 97 cm and 65 cm in the female, respectively, indicating sex differences. At 34 months old, jumping ability trials were conducted. Both deer could jump over 120 cm net fences and 210 cm deep obstructions, suggesting no sex differences. Sika deer can jump over fences ~1.2 times higher than their top-of-head height and obstructions ~3 times longer than their body length.

未利用資源である竹の家畜飼料としての幅広い利用法を模索するため，竹粉サイレージを市販配合飼料に10％添加給与した場合の肉用豚の発育，糞臭気ならびに枝肉特性に及ぼす影響を検討した．バークシャー種去勢8頭（15週齢）を用いて，市販配合飼料を給与する対照区および市販配合飼料に竹粉サイレージを現物重量比10%添加給与する竹粉区を設けた．竹粉サイレージには，解砕処理したモウソウチクに米ヌカを20％添加後，水分55％となるように調整し， 1 ヵ月以上貯蔵したものを用いた．毎日の飼料摂取量および毎週の体重を測定し，定期的に糞臭気を測定しながら31週齢で屠畜解体し，両区の枝肉重量，枝肉歩留，第4 －5胸椎間バラ厚，背脂肪厚およびロース芯面積を測定した．ロース芯を用いて官能試験（風味，多汁性，うま味，歯ごたえ，脂っこさおよび総合評価）を1～5段階評価で行った．試験期間中，両区とも順調に発育し，体重は同様に推移した．また，日増体量および飼料効率に有意差は認められなかった．採食量は，試験開始から一貫して竹粉区で約0.3㎏/頭・日ずつ多く採食したが，両区に有意な差は認められなかった．試験期間中の糞臭気に区間差はなく，同等の臭気物質濃度であった．枝肉特性に両区の間で有意差は認められなかったものの，官能試験では，風味に有意な区間差（P, The objective of present study was to evaluate the effects of rubbed bamboo silage on the growth, fecal odor and carcass traits, when 10% rubbed bamboo silage (containing 20% rice bran and 55% moisture) was supplemented to a commercial diet and fed for finishing pigs ad libitum from 15 weeks of age to 31 weeks of age. Eight castrated Berkshire pigs were divided into two groups, one group was fed a diet supplemented with rubbed bamboo silage to a commercial diet (bamboo group) and another was fed the commercial diet (control group). The pigs in bamboo group showed 0.3 kg/day per head slightly more feed intake than the pigs in control group through the experimental period, however both groups were not significantly different. There was no difference in the body weight gain, daily gain, feed efficiency and fecal odor between these groups. The supplementation with rubbed bamboo silage also had no effect on carcass weight, carcass yield, backfat thickness, rib thickness and rib eye area. However, sensory evaluation test with untrained panelist showed that cooked pork flavor in the bamboo group was different with that of the control group. In conclusion, it is suggested that rubbed bamboo silage can be used as a feedstuff for finishing pigs by adding 10% of the silage to the commercial diet.

本研究はガチョウ雛の育雛管理技術の確立に向けた基礎的知見を得ることを目的とし,緑餌の給与がガチョウ雛の発育と飼料利用性に及ぼす影響を検討した。0日齢のセイヨウガチョウ(Anser anser domesticus)雛8羽を1)市販成鶏用配合飼料(以下,配合飼料,粗タンパク質含量18.0%,代謝エネルギー含量2,850kcal/kg)のみを不断給与した対照区(4羽)と2)配合飼料とイタリアンライグラス(Lolium multiflorum Lam.)生草を不断給与した試験区(4羽)に区分し,41日齢までそれぞれ飼育した。41日齢時におけるガチョウの体重は,対照区で1,617g,試験区で2,279gとなり,有意差が認められた(P, The objective of this study was to obtain fundamental information regarding the development of rearing techniques for goslings. We investigated the effect of Lolium multiflorum Lam. green forage feeding on the growth and feed utilization of 8 goslings (Anser anser domesticus) from age 0 – 41 days. The goslings were divided into 2 groups: 1) commercial diet (crude protein 18%, metabolizable energy 2,850 cal/g) ad libitum (control plot, 4 goslings), 2) commercial diet and green forage ad libitum (experimental plot, 4 goslings). At the end of the experiment (41 days of age), a significant difference was found in the body weights of the two groups (P < 0.05), with an average body weight of 1,617 g for the control group and 2,279 g for the experimental group. Perosis was observed in 2 goslings in the control group. A significant difference was found in the daily weight gain between the 2 groups during the experimental periods (P < 0.05; 36.7 g/day for control group and 53.7 g/day for experimental group), and feed conversion was 2.7 and 2.1 for the control and experimental groups, respectively. In conclusion, green forage feeding can improve the growth, feed utilization and health condition of goslings.

近年,胎内環境がその後の健康状態に影響するという,いわゆる「バーカー説」や,出生後早期の環境までをも含めた“Developmental Origins of Health and Diseases (DOHaD)"という考え方が広がってきている。これらの考え方を検証していくためには,妊娠中から児の発育を追跡していく出生コホート研究を実施し,さまざまな曝露因子,そしてアウトカムを測定していくことが必須である。本稿では,山梨県甲州市と山梨大学大学院医学工学総合研究部社会医学講座が共同研究として行っている,母子保健縦断調査(甲州プロジェクト)の概要を紹介し,さらに上記の学説に基づいて検討している,妊娠中の喫煙と胎児・子どもの発育に関する研究を紹介する。

多胎妊娠は単胎妊娠に比べ母体ならびに児への影響も大きく，出産後も双子の約70％，三つ子の約96％が低出生体重児として生まれている。さらに，障がい児の発生率も単胎児に比べ高いなど，多胎児家庭にはさまざまな問題が生じやすい。本稿では，多胎児家庭の育児問題を概説し，現在開発中の多胎育児支援プログラムについて報告する。

体重の慢性増加不良を呈する重症心身障害児を対象に、発育と健康状態の詳細な記録データを基に、発育と健康指標の相互の関連性について統計的手法を用いて分析を試みた。得られた結果から、発育や健康状態に影響を及ぼしている因子を確認し、本児の健康を支援する取り組みの方向性を見出すことができた。重症心身障害児は、一般にその障害の重さや生命の脆弱性ばかりに目が向けられ、発育そのものに関心が払われにくい状況にある。しかし、教育現場等での日々の健康観察から得られる情報や発育値に目を向け、それらを活用することで、教育に活かしていけることを確認した。

This study investigated through a first grade and, until six grade at an elementary school time after five years, analyzed sprinting performance for 83 people(48 boys and 35 girls}. They were filmed in VTR picture during 50m sprinting. Using the VTR pictures, we calculated average speed, stride frequency, stride length and height ratio stride length. The results obtained were as follows: 1 No correlation was found between height and sprinting velocity each with the first and the six grade at an elementary school boys and girls. And, a negative correlation was found between height and stride frequency each with the first and six grade at elementary school boys. Moreover, a positive correlation was found between height and stride length each with the first and six grade at elementary school boys and girls.2 A positive correlation was found between sprinting velocity and stride frequency, stride length, and height ratio stride length each with the first and six grade at elementary school boys and girls.3 It was admitted that quantity of increase of sprinting velocity from the first grade to six grade at each boy and girl was connected with quantity of increase of stride frequency. A significant relation was not seen in the boy though a positive correlation was seen between an increase of sprinting velocity and increase of stride length in the girl.Based on these findings, it was suggested increase of the sprinting velocity from the first grade to the six grade at an elementary school happens because it increase and suppresses a decrease of stride frequency not an increase of the stride length about the boy, and happens because it increase and suppresses a decrease of stride frequency and an increase of the stride length about the girl.

We have conducted a series of surveys regarding the nutritional status and physical growth of elementary school students in Bali, Republic of Indonesia. The elementary school is operated by Bali Protestant Christian Church. Subjects were the children living in the childcare institution located right next to the elementary school. The results obtained from our previous studies have been reported in The Nutritional Status and Physical Growth of Children in Bali, Indonesia (1) (3). This paper summarizes the latest information from our study. In our latest survey, we surveyed and analyzed the content of meals served to the survey subjects over a period of one week. A registered dietitian observed the cooking process, measured the ingredients and analyzed with accuracy the nutritional content of each meal. Due to budgetary restrictions, the meals served to the survey subjects were very modest and cooked in a simple way. Furthermore, many sanitary and hygienic problems were found. Another notable problem was the lack of nutritional balance in the meals. The main ingredients used in the meals were grains (44.7% of the total nutritional intake), followed by beans (14.3%), seasonings/drinks (19.3%) and dark-green/deep yellow vegetables and other vegetables (13.2%). While the surveyed children consumed larger amount of beans, seasonings/drinks and sugar compared to the average Japanese children, their intake of other food groups and nutrients was extremely limited. Compared to the recommended dietary intake set by the Indonesian government, the surveyed children consumed an extremely large amount of beans but consumed only 25% of the recommended daily intake of dairy products and vegetables. While most Japanese children today tend to be overnourished, the Indonesian children surveyed in the present study were clearly undernourished. In fact, the dietary intake of the surveyed children was characterized by high carbohydrate intake and lack of animal protein, which resembles the dietary intake of the Japanese children in 1960. During 1997 and 1998, Indonesia underwent a severe economic crisis and is still struggling to overcome the effects of the crisis. Continuing economic stagnation has led to the rise in commodity prices, affecting the content of meals served to the children in childcare institutions. Since the operation of most such institutions relies on foreign aid, fluctuation in prices can also directly affect the meal content. Stable provision of food and improved nutritional intake are essential to ensure the healthy growth and development of children. Economic stability may be the key to improving the nutritional status of children in Indonesia.

普通ソバの夏型品種と秋型品種を夏および秋の2時期に栽培して, 茎葉の発育および開花の進行の品種間差を調査した.いずれの品種も主茎の伸長は主茎本葉数3〜4枚の出蕾期以降に盛んになり, 開花始頃が伸長の最盛期であった.開花始は秋型品種が夏型品種より, 夏栽培が秋栽培より遅かったが, あまり大きな違いではなかった.初花節位は宮崎在来の夏栽培が約2節高かった以外は品種, 栽培時期によって変化しなかった.夏型品種と秋型品種の生体の違いで最も顕著な点は, 開花始以降に起こる茎葉および花房の発育経過の違いであった.すなわち, 夏型品種は茎葉の生長および花房の発達が栽培時期にかかわず開花始後2週間程度で終了した.一方, 秋型品種は秋栽培では夏型品種と同様であるものの, 夏栽培では長期間継続した.このため, 秋型品種は夏栽培で茎長が著しく長く, 葉数および花房数が著しく多くなった.さらに, 生長が長期間継続する場合には上位花房への咲き上がりは2日に1花房で, 出葉も約2日に1枚の割合であり, 花房と葉の生長が同調的であった.しかし, 速やかに生長を終了する場合には, 花房の咲き上がりが1日に1花房の速度で出葉より速く, 生殖生長が栄養生長より速やかに進行することが明らかになった., This paper reports the varietal differences of common buckwheat in shoot growth and flower development during two cropping seasons. The stem elongated vigorously at about the start of anthesis in all cultivars. The start of anthesis was earlier in summer-type cultivars (ST) than in autumn-type cultivars (AT), and during autunm cropping (AC) as compared to summer cropping (SC). But their differences were small. Anthesis started at the same node on the main stem for all cultivars and croppings, except for Miyazakizairai during SC (two nodes higher than the others). On the other hand, the differences in shoot growth and flower development after the start of anthesis were very large between ST and AT. The ST finished shoot growth and flower development about two weeks after the start of anthesis during both cropping seasons. The AT during AC also showed the same process as the ST. But the AT during SC continued stem elongation and new leaf emergence for a longer period. As a result, the AT during SC had a very long stem and many leaves. Additionally, the AT during SC showed a syncronous rate of new leaf energence and flower cluster anthesis at the rate of one leaf and one flower cluster per two days. In the others, however, the rate of new leaf emergence was the same, but the rate of new flower cluster anthesis was faster (one per one day).

新潟県南西部に位置するA市（人口約3万人）の17保育園から無作為に5保育園を選び，そこに通う4歳児200人を対象に，体位（身長，体重，胸囲，腹囲，臀囲，上腕囲，大腿囲，下腿囲），基礎運動能力（20m走，ボール投げ，連続片足とび，立幅跳び，熊あるき）および除脂肪体重の年間発育・発達量を算出し，それらの値を基に体位，基礎運動能力，除脂肪体重の相互関連について分析，検討を加え，発育・発達の著しい幼児期後半における健康的な体育指導の基礎資料を得ようとした。, We calculated the annual quantity of growth-development for physique (height, weight, the girth of chest, waist, hip, upper arm, thigh, shin), the fundamental capacity for locomotions (20m-dash, ball throwing, one foot hopping, standing long jumping, four leg running) and the value of L. B. M. on 200 pre-school children (4 years old). The results were summarized as follows ; 1) The annual quantity of growth for body fat% decreased slightly with aging but the value of L. B. M. increased with aging. 2) The annual quantity of growth for body fat% showed tendency to become less related with much of growth for weight in boys and girls. 3) The annual quantity of growth for the girth of hip, upper arm and shin showed tendency to become larger related with much of the value of L. B. M. in the 4 years old boys. But in the 4.5 years old boys that of growth showed tendency to become less related with much of the value of L. B. M.. 4) The relation between the annual quantity of growth for the value of L. B. M. and the girth was little in girls. 5) The relation between the annual quantity of growth for the girth and that of development of the fundamental capacity for locomotions showed various cases by age and sex. 6) Development of the fundamental capacity for locomotions depended on development of the nerve at the same level of dependence on development of the muscles.

1.マスカット系の無核品種を育成するために,2倍体品種と4倍体品種の正逆交雑を行い,結実及び種子形成率,胚の発育,種子の発芽と実生の生育を2倍体品種の自家受粉の場合と比較した. 2.4倍体×2倍体の組み合わせでは,結実率は高い傾向であったが,無核果が多く,有核果の含種子数も少なく,2倍体×4倍体の組み合わせに比べて種子の獲得数ははるかに少なかった.これに比べ,2倍体の自家受粉では有核果率及び含種子数がもっとも高かった. 3.2倍体の自家受粉では結実した子房内の胚珠の約67%が正常に発育していたが,2倍体×4倍体及び4倍体×2倍体では珠心の萎縮による胚珠の退化が多く,正常なものはそれぞれ約47%,約10%にすぎなかった.それらの胚は,2倍体×4倍体では2倍体の自家受粉と大差なくその後も発達したが,4倍体×2倍体では球状胚以上に発達するものはなかった. 4.成熟果粒から取り出した種子に休眠打破処理を行い,播種した2倍体×4倍体の種子の発芽率と実生の獲得率は,2倍体の自家受粉種子の約3分の1であった.4倍体×2倍体では実生は得られなかった。

The tea red spider mite Oligonychus coffeae (Nietener) is distributed in tropic and subtropic regions, and injures leaves of many crops including citrus, mango and tea. O. coffeae is an important pest of tea and coffee in India. O. coffeae on mango was first detected in Okinawa Island in 1996. The occurrence of O. coffeae on mango was reported to b abundant from spring to autumn in which climates are relatively hot. Seasonal abundance of O. coffeae may be affected by the developmental and ovipositional pattern in each season. Thus I investigated the effect of temperature on development and oviposition in O. coffeae. The mites used in this experiment were collected from a green house of mango in Okinawa Island. Eggs were placed in incubators controlled for 20℃, 25℃ and 30℃. Developmental period (from egg to adult emergence), the number of eggs oviposited and longevity of females were recorded, using a binocular. Developmental period was delayed at low temperature, whereas it accelerated at high temperature. There was no significant difference in longevity among females in each temperature. Total egg number per life was significantly larger at 25℃ than at 20℃. The number at 30℃ was intermidiated among 20℃ and 25℃. Eggs were oviposited more in earlier stage of female than later one at 25℃ and 30℃. Based on these results, population dynamics in O. coffeae were discussed., 論文

The major purpose of our research group is to investigate the role of gravity in the growth and development of mammalian neuromuscular system. Effects of gravitational loading at 2-G during pregnancy and/or postnatal lactation period on the properties of body composition, cardiovascular, and/or neuro-vestibular system of rats have been studied in the present study. Although the body weight was slightly light, gain of most of the organs were normal in pups grown during neonatal period at 2-G environment. Their weights relative to body weight were identical to those of 1-G group. The relative brain weight was even greater than the level of 1-G group. Physiological, biochemical and/or immunohistochemical analyses of these organs are under progress., 資料番号: AA0063349068

Spot 35 protein is a cerebellar soluble protein with Mr. 27K daltons and pI 5.3, which localizes in Purkinje cells. In order to understand the development of cerebellum at molecular level, it is necessary to reveal the mechanism controlling the biosynthesis of spot 35 protein. Here I examined the developmental and regional changes of mRNA levels for spot 35 protein in rat brain, by using in vitro translation system and dot-blot hybridization with spot 35 protein cDNA as a probe. Dot-blot hybridization analysis revealed that the mRNA in rat cerebellum rapidly increased during postnatal 10-20days and attained a-plateau level after 20days. This result was in agreement with the data of analysis or mRNA level for spot 35 protein by means of in vitro translation system containing rat cerebellar mRNA. The data on spot 35 protein mRNA correlate with the result of immunohistochemical examination using anti-spot 35 protein antiserum. Further, the regions except cerebellum in rat brain contained only negligible Spot 35 protein mRNA. These results suggest a transcriptional control of the concentration of spot 35 protein in developing cerebellum and an intensive expression of its gene in cerebellum.

平成30年度

コリアンダーの花芽分化と発育に及ぼす日長の影響について検討した。日長は8,12,14,16時間及び自然日長とした。草丈は長日ほど大きくなったが,葉数は日長の影響をあまり受けなかった。播種から花芽分化までの所要日数は,16時間日長が最も短く49日であった。一方,8時間日長は最も長く73日であった。また,花芽分化から開花までの所要日数は長日ほど短くなった。花芽分化時の展開葉数は長日ほど少なかった。花芽分化は8時間日長でも見られたが,長日ほど早くなかった。したがって,コリアンダーは花芽分化に関しては,量的長日植物と考えられる。花芽の発育過程は次のように分けることができる。1.未分化,2.分化初期,3.花房分化期,4.側花房分化期,5.小花形成期,6.小花増加期,7.花弁形成期,8.雄ずい形成期,9.雌ずい形成期, This study examined the influence of daylength on the flower bud differentiation and development of coriander. Daylength of 8, 12, 14, 16-h and natural daylength were afforded the plants. The plant height of longer daylength was greater, while daylength had little influence on the number of leaves. The number of days from sowing to flower bud differentiation was the smallest for the 16-h daylength (49 days) and the greatest for the 8-h daylength (73 days). On the other hand, the longer the daylength, the smaller the number of days from flower bud differentiation to flowering. The number of expanded leaves was smaller for longer daylength. Flower bud differentiation was observed even in the 8-h daylength, although it was earlier in the longer daylength. Therefore, coriander can be regarded as a quantitative long day plant as regards the flower bud differentiation. The stage of flower bud development can be classified into the following nine stages : 1) vegetative stage ; 2) predifferentiation stage ; 3) cluster differentiation stage ; 4) lateral cluster differentiation stage ; 5) early stage of floret formation ; 6) later stage of floret formation ; 7) petal development stage ; 8) stamen development stage ; 9) carpel development stage.