Search

本論文では，理論および実証研究の結果を踏まえ，山東省における日系情報通信企業の関連会社と子会社のそれぞれ1社ずつに対してインタビュー調査を行った。関連会社の生産性も子会社のそれも本社に左右されることが明らかになったが，関連会社の経営は厳しいものの労働集約的な業務から知的集約的なものに移行し生産性を高める努力をしている一方，子会社は親会社の経営が順調である限り労働集約的な業務でも生産性を上昇させることができるが，人的資本がかなり成長している中国においては，労働集約的な業務での労働者の採用が難しくなっていることが明らかになった。これまでの研究では親会社の視点で書かれた先行研究が多く，ほとんど明らかにされていなかった関連会社と子会社に分けて調査する必要性を示すことができた。, Based on the results of theoretical and empirical studies, interviews were conducted with one affiliate and one subsidiary of Japanese ICT firms in Shandong Province. Although the productivity of affiliate and that of subsidiary were dependent on the headquarter, the affiliate made efforts to increase productivity by shifting from labor-intensive to more knowledge-intensive work, while the subsidiary was able to increase productivity even in labor-intensive activity as long as the parent company's management was doing well. Yet, in China, where human capital is growing considerably, the subsidiary was facing increasingly difficulty in recruiting workers for labor-intensive work. This indicates the need to investigate affiliated companies and subsidiaries separately, which has rarely been clarified in previous studies, many of which have been written from the parent company's perspective.

2015年度政策提言研究

(特集 「途上国」日本農業の開発経済史 : 経験と教訓)

2006年度調査研究報告書

2005年度調査研究報告書

原著論文, Original Papers

FTER the Asian currency crisis in 1997, Indonesia struggled to reconstruct its hard-hit economy and to implement a wide range of institutional reforms under the IMF loan program. At the end of December 2003, Indonesia finally graduated from IMF supervision, which had lasted for a period of over six years. The graduation signaled to the international markets that Indonesia’s crisis and the IMF-led reforms had at last been settled, and the markets reacted favorably. In October 2004, a new government was inaugurated in Indonesia following the first direct presidential election in the country’s history. For the first time after the fall of Soeharto, a government is expected to serve out its full term of five years. The resignation of President Soeharto in May 1998 triggered off democratization reforms, leading to a dramatic regime change from authoritarianism to democracy. The central government relaxed its unified grip not only in the political sphere but also as regards socioeconomic matters, a process that often had messy consequences. The initiation of the new government is expected to mark an end to this confused period of regime change. During the seven years in which Indonesia was busily occupied with internal affairs, drastic changes occurred in the East Asian economy. The Chinese economy came to the fore, AFTA began to work, and bilateral as well as multilateral FTA negotiations accelerated. In the increasingly competitive regional economy, Indonesia’s relative position seems to have suffered a setback. The new government has the responsibility of drawing up and executing appropriate development strategies without delay, taking full cognizance of these rapid changes in the surrounding world. This special issue aims firstly to analyze the changes in the Indonesian economy that have occurred since the economic crisis and the fall of Soeharto regime by looking at structure, institutions, and actors, and secondly to identify the key challenges that face the new government. Our analysis will demonstrate that even though Indonesia has emerged from the period of disorder, having successfully graduated from the IMF program and having inaugurated a new government, the Indonesian economy still faces some serious problems that need to be addressed.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the distinctive features of the Chinese minority education, comparing it with human rights treaty, the theory of pluralist approach and multicultural education in China. In conclusion, the Chinese minority education does not promote the policy that recognizes minority culture as based solely on human rights and cultural relativity. The policy is based on the idea that ethnic minorities must be educated under the guidance of the communist party. The Chinese minority education regards poverty minority districts as restraining economic development. The Chinese minority education is essentially based on Marxism-Leninism, being closely related to the type of Liberal/Pluralist approach.

中国の「西部大開発」戦略は、東部沿海地域（以下、東部）と西部内陸地域（以下、西部）の格差を是正し、内陸経済の自律的発展条件を整備することを目指した国家的プロジェクトである。同戦略に関しては、当初から肯定否定こもごもの評価がつきまとってきたが、曲がりなりにも第十次五カ年計画（2001～05年）に盛り込まれたこと、提起以来４年の間に様々な政策措置が実施され、大規模なインフラ建設が着手されたことなど、その客観的評価を試みる材料が揃ってきたと考えられる。本稿では、まず同戦略が登場した背景と、現在までに打ち出された具体的施策を整理したうえで、西部大開発の直面する課題を検証し、今後の展望を試みる。結論部分では、日本の協力策についても考察してみたい。

After the so-called IMF crisis in South Korea, the government realized the importance of innovation, and has been trying to change the keynote of economic policy to that of an innovation-oriented one. For example, the government has embarked upon the start-ups supporting policy and the construction of techno-parks for the purpose of promoting R&D activities and the local economy in local regions, and so on. / This paper discusses the evolution of South Korea's science and technology (S&C) policy in three periods, the 1960s-70s, the 1980s to the first half of the 90s, and the period following the IMF crisis. In the 1960s-70s, the government established S&C-related infrastructure such as various government-funded research institutes (GRI) as well as research and educational organizations in the S&C area. They came to form the foundation of Korea's national innovation system. However, in that period, their R&D activities were not so closely related to the production activities of Korean manufacturers, and were not so effective. From the 1980s onwards, private companies intensified R&D activities, increasing outlay on R&D and establishing their own research institutes. Thus, the relative share of public R&D decreased in proportion to the intensification of private R&D. As a result, the IMF crisis damaged the engine of economic development, the national innovation system, by leading to the shrinkage of private R&D activities. At present, the government is aiming at the transformation of the Korean economy into that of a knowledge-based economy. It is worthy to pay attention to whether the Korean economy will succeed in becoming a knowledge-based economy, and to investigate what policy the government should enforce.

中国は建国（1949年）以来、様々な地域開発戦略を実施してきた。「西部大開発」戦略は、東部沿海地域（以下、東部）と西部内陸地域（以下、西部）の格差を是正し、内陸経済の自律的発展条件を整備することを目指した新たな内陸開発戦略である。本稿では、同戦略が提起されて３年を経過した段階で、その客観的評価を試みる。まず、同戦略が登場した背景を政治、経済両面から分析し、従来の内陸開発政策の経緯を整理する。次に、執筆時点までに打ち出された具体的施策を整理した上で、西部大開発の直面する課題を検証し、今後の展望を試みる。結論部分では、日本の協力策についても考察を行う。

This paper examines the process and mechanism of economic development in the Republic of Korea and Taiwan through a comparative analysis of the electronics industry in each country. The paper will show that in its initial stage of development, the electronics industry in both economies had the same type of dual structure: a domestic demand sector based on the protected domestic market, and an export sector intended to capitalize on low-wage labor for the international market. However, this dual structure in the two economies faded away after the mid-1970s as their respective indigenous export-oriented enterprises began to develop. But the primary industrial players in each economy were very different. In Korea they were comprehensive electronics manufacturers affiliated with chaebols, and in Taiwan they were small and medium-size enterprises. Differences in the two economies' development mechanisms have brought about this divergence in development paths. In Korea this mechanism has been characterized by the government's positive role and the chaebol's readiness to react to the government's leadership. In Taiwan the development mechanism has been based on the private sector independent from the government. As an extension of such diverged development paths, ICs and personal computers showed spectacular growth in Korea and Taiwan after the 1980s. The development of ICs in Korea was primarily the result of a decisive role played by the chaebol's sizable financial resources, while the competitiveness in personal computers largely reflected the agility and flexibility of Taiwanese small and medium-size enterprises.

はじめに、被災国の所得水準と死者数を説明変数として、被害額を評価する経験式を構成した。つぎに、構成した経験式を利用して、被災国の経済に与える地震被害の影響が経済成長の初期段階にある国々で大きくなる傾向を明らかにし、途上国の経済発展に内包される災害脆弱性の高まりについて述べた。, On the basis of disaster data collected from an existing earthquake catalog，we derived an empirical equation to correlate the per capita GNP of an affected country with the damage amount in an earthquake normalized by the number of deaths. The equation was applied to examine the relationship between per capita GNP and the rate of damage to an affected country's GNP. The result suggested relative economic vulnerability to earthquakes in developing countries having threshold economy.

Based on analyses of actual data, we reveal that many Asian developing economies own economic structural features of "non-mono-cultural economy" and the "large primary good sector", which have not been discussed in developing economies RBC literature. We also examine the input-output tables to develop a model reflecting actual developing economies' structures. Referring to the analyses, we construct RBC models of ASEAN countries. Based on the model, we find that approximately half of GDP volatility is attributable to domestic productivity shocks, and the remaining half is attributable to price shocks.

Since the Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS) program began in 1992, activities have expanded and flourished. The three economic corridors are composed of the East-West, North-South, and Southern; these are the most important parts of the flagship program. This article presents an evaluation of these economic corridors and their challenges in accordance with the regional distribution of population and income, population pyramids of member countries, and trade relations of member economies.