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Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of inosine on diabetic cognitive impairment (DCI) in rats and to explore its mechanism. Methods SD male rats were randomly divided into the control group, model group, and experimental group, respectively. Rats in the model group and experimental group were treated with high-fat diet combined with the intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and were screened out by Morris water maze experiment to obtain the DCI models, except rats in the control group. After successful modeling, rats in the experimental group were intraperitoneally injected with 100 mg/kg inosine, and rats in the control group and the model group were intraperitoneally injected with the same volume of normal saline, once a day, for 4 weeks. Morris water maze test was used to detect the cognitive ability of rats. HE staining was used to observe the morphology of hippocampal neurons. ELISA was used to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in hippocampus. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K/protein kinaseB (AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Results Compared with the control group, the escape latency increased, and the number of crossing the platform decreased in the model group (both P<0. 05). Compared with the model group, the escape latency decreased, and the number of crossing the platform increased in the experimental group (both P<0. 05). In the model group, the hippocampal neurons were loosely arranged and irregularly shaped, and the number was significantly reduced. The hippocampal neurons of the experimental group were relatively neatly arranged and the morphology was regular, and the number increased. Compared with the control group, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and MDA in the hippocampus of the model group increased, and the levels of SOD and GSH-Px decreased (all P<0. 05). Compared with the model group, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and MDA in the hippocampus of the experimental group decreased, and the levels of SOD and GSH-Px increased (all P<0. 05). The mRNA expression levels of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR and the protein expression levels of PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR were lower in the model group than in the control group (all P< 0. 05). The mRNA expression levels of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR and the protein expression levels of PI3K, p-AKT, and pmTOR in the experimental group were higher than those in the model group (all P<0. 05). Conclusions Inosine can improve the cognition and learning memory in DCI rats, thus alleviating cognitive impairment. The mechanism may be related to activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and reducing inflammatory response and oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shandong Medical Journal is the property of Shandong Medical Health Newspapers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shandong Medical Journal is the property of Shandong Medical Health Newspapers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

目的分析甲状腺功能亢进症患者握力、步速及四肢骨骼肌质量在甲亢肌病诊断中的可行性，并分析各 指标不同诊断切点对甲亢肌病的诊断效能。方法82例甲状腺功能亢进症患者为观察组，同期60例体检健康者作 为对照组。利用亚洲肌少症工作组（AWGS）建议的诊断方法评估两组人群的握力、步速，使用双能X线骨密度仪测 定骨骼肌质量，并计算四肢骨骼肌质量（ASMI）。分析两组不同性别人群握力、步速、ASMI情况，将观察组的握力、 步速、ASMI与T3、T4、FT3和FT4进行相关性分析。以健康对照组测试指标均数-2SD（A标准）和2014版AWGS共识报 告肌少症诊断标准（B标准）诊断甲亢肌病。结果观察组中男性和女性的握力、步速、骨骼肌质量均小于对照组（P 均<0. 01）。观察组男性患者握力、骨骼肌质量与T3、T4、FT3、FT4负相关（P<0. 05），女性患者握力与T3、T4负相关（P< 0. 05）。A标准总体诊断（诊断甲亢肌病）阳性率：握力67. 1%，步速43. 9%，ASMI 48. 8%，B标准总体诊断阳性率： 握力36. 6%，步速7. 3%，ASMI 54. 9%，A标准握力和步速的甲亢肌病总体诊断阳性率高于B标准（P<0. 05），A标 准ASMI的甲亢肌病总体诊断阳性率与B标准比较，P>0. 05。结论甲状腺功能亢进症患者握力、步速及ASMI 可能可以作为甲亢肌病诊断指标，握力和步速使用健康对照组测试指标均数-2SD作为诊断标准诊断甲亢肌病阳 性率更高 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shandong Medical Journal is the property of Shandong Medical Health Newspapers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)