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将自1962年开始,每10年召开一次的世界公园大会各议题按八个分类单元归类后进行分析。结果显示每次会议主题的外延不断扩大;单次大会议题的总数量在逐渐增加;单科议题五次大会的总数量和近年变化上也显示出保护地目前与新的发展科学研究进展结合很紧密;议题在各分类单元间的分布越来越均匀;并且议题内容在各个不同学科领域内的深度也在加深。这些结果表明目前保护地的研究领域从总体上逐渐呈现出更加强调全球保护地网络合作、多学科涉入和与区域性政治、经济、社会发展相结合的特征;从具体的保护管理手段上也体现出以科研为基础的规划、社区共管、人员能力提高、监测与评估和参与为主要方式的管理特征。最后,对今后保护地发展的方向和领域进行了预测。

针对目前我国自然保护区管理有效性评估处于初步阶段,尚存在许多亟待解决的问题,本文引进了当前国际保护组织普遍应用的保护地区管理有效性跟踪工具,旨在为我国自然保护区管理评价的发展提供借鉴。本文介绍了该跟踪工具开发的基础、监测与评估的内容、具有的功能和局限性、案例应用与发展前景。通过使用该跟踪工具监测和评估全球34个国家、近200个森林类型保护地区的管理水平,得出偷猎、农业开垦、非法采伐、非木材林产品的过度采集目前仍是这些保护地区面临的主要威胁。建立保护地区网络对管理有效性的提高和保护目标的实现具有重要的现实意义,而该跟踪工具的监测与评估作用会促进这一网络的发展。

2002年10月30日至11月1日,由世界银行、GEF（全球环境基金）和欧盟资助的我国“林业持续发展项目”启动会在北京召开。本次“中国林业持续发展项目”共包括“天然林管理”、“保护地区管理”和“人工林营造”三个部分,国家林业局祝列克副局长、世界银行项目官员Mohamed Benall等出席了启动会并作了讲话。

为充分开发并有效利用芝麻粕，以小肽含量为指标，通过Plackett-Burman试验、最陡爬坡试验和响应面试验对米曲霉发酵芝麻粕制备小肽的工艺进行优化。结果表明，米曲霉发酵芝麻粕制备小肽的最佳工艺条件为芝麻粕与麸皮质量比9∶ 1、米曲霉接种量0.01％、发酵温度31.3 ℃、发酵时间 64.24 h、料水比1∶ 1.18，在此条件下发酵样品中的小肽含量可达20.04%。通过米曲霉发酵芝麻粕，可得到富含小肽的产品。In order to fully develop and effectively use sesame meal, the preparation process of small peptide from sesame meal fermented by Aspergillus oryzae was optimized by Plackett-Burman experiment, steepest ascent experiment and response surface methodology, with the content of small peptides as the index. The results showed that the optimal conditions for the preparation of small peptides were obtained as follows: mass ratio of sesame meal to bran 9∶ 1, inoculation amount of Aspergillus oryzae 0.01%, fermentation temperature 31.3 ℃, fermentation time 64.24 h, and ratio of material to water 1∶ 1.18. Under these conditions, the content of small peptides in the fermented samples could be up to 20.04%. Products rich in small peptides can be obtained from sesame meal fermented by Aspergillus oryzae.

Objective To explore the effect of Huolongguan therapy in promoting postpartum intestinal function recovery after cesarean section. Methods A total of 86 parturients who underwent cesarean section in our hospital from October 2022 to October 2023 were prospectively enrolled and divided into an intervention group and a control group by the random envelope method, with 43 parturients in each group. The control group received comprehensive nursing intervention, while the intervention group received Huolongguan therapy on the basis of the comprehensive nursing intervention. Both groups were intervened for 3 days. The recovery of gastrointestinal function (intestinal sounds recovery time, gastrointestinal motility time, spontaneous exhaust time, and spontaneous defecation time), incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms (abdominal disten-sion, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting), pain intensity [assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS)], uterine involution, and lactation were recorded and compared between the two groups. Results The intervention group had shorter intestinal sounds recovery time, gastrointestinal motility time, spontaneous exhaust time, and spontaneous defecation time after surgery compared with the control group, and a lower total incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms during the intervention period, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). At 3 days after intervention, the VAS scores of both groups were lower than those 1 hour after the anesthesia subsided postoperatively, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). However, there were no statistically significant differences in VAS scores between the two groups at 1 hour after anesthesia subsided postoperatively and 3 days after intervention (P>0.05). At 3 days after intervention, there were no statistically significant differences in uterine descent height and the sum of three uterine diameters between the two groups (P>0.05). There were also no statistically significant differences in initial lactation time and lactation volume at 3 days after intervention between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Huolongguan therapy has a significant effect in promoting intestinal function recovery after cesarean section, which is more conducive to accelerating postoperative intestinal function recovery and reducing the incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal distension, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. It has high safety with no significant impact on maternal pain, uterine involution, and lactation, and is worthy of clinical promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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