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The rise of modern French Nationalism in the interwar period led to the decline of the doctrine of Natural Law that revived by the end of the 19th century. It was hardly possible to reconcile theories of Natural Law Doctrine based on universalism and that of Nationalism which underlines particularity. The international legal system at that time was built upon the treaties that sought to maintain peace by means of self-determination of ethnic minorities, introducing the vocabulary of “nations” in international law. By the bias of legal positivism in legal scholarship, this vocabulary became dominant in both international law and internal law. Legal studies since then abandoned the belief of universality and naturalized the separation among groups. Meanwhile, nationalism, a political movement, also had great impact on legal studies and education. Under the leadership of Charles Maurras, “French Action” played a significant role in pushing catholic lawyers as well as right wing students to change their academic standpoint and follow the political necessity. Two students’ movements agitated by French Action demonstrate its capability to influence personnel and teachings of law faculties., 1920年到1940年之间法国自然法学衰落的原因在于民族主义在法国的兴起。假定存在普世性理想法的自然法学和各群体特殊性和自主性的民族主义在理论上无法调和的主张。第一次世界大战之后,为了重建欧洲秩序、维护和平而签订的一系列条约强调了少数民族的自决权和民族—国家—主权的一体性,"民族"因而成了国际条约法体系中的核心概念。此时的国际法学正好处于实证主义确立支配地位的时点,学者倾向于被动地接受实证国际法为他们提供的词汇。经由国际法学,法学界整体开始使用这种强调民族的特殊性、而非普遍的人性的语言。与此同时,作为政治活动的民族主义也对法学产生重大冲击。"法兰西行动"在其间作用巨大。该组织与教廷的纠纷促使天主教法学家让学术立场服从政治需要,极右派在法学院学生中煽动的两次学潮也深刻影响了法学院的人事和教学。