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Inflammation is a hallmark of tumors and plays an important role in tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis and prognosis. Neutrophils, platelets, monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes are the important components of the solid tumor-associated microenvironment such as lung cancer, and exert pro- and anti-inflammatory effects through multiple mechanisms. Their associated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyteratio and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio can reflect the body inflammatory status and the balance between pro- and anti-tumor effects. They are the promising indicators for lung cancer screening, monitoring disease progression, efficacy and prognosis assessment. This paper reviews the relationship among inflammation, immunity and lung cancer, and the application of novel inflammatory markers in lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]