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Objective To investigate the ABO blood type distribution in liver cancer patients in Qidong District of Jiangsu Province, and to explore the relationship between ABO blood type and the risk of liver cancer. Methods Peripheral venous blood was collected from 1 701 patients with liver cancer and 2 828 healthy persons from Qidong after disease exclusion to detect ABO blood type, and the relationship between ABO blood type and risk of liver cancer was analyzed. Results The frequency distributions of blood types A, B, O, AB were 518 (30. 45%)，436 (25. 63%)，518 (30. 45%), and 229 (13. 46%), respectively, among liver cancer patients, and 862 (30. 48%)，818 (28. 93%)，853 (30. 16%), and 295 (10. 43%), respectively, among healthy persons. Compared with healthy persons, the distribution of blood type AB was higher and B distribution was lower in liver cancer patients (both P<0. 05). Qidong population with blood type B had a low risk of liver cancer (OR=0. 847，95%CI：0. 739–0. 970）, and the population with blood type AB had a high risk of liver cancer (OR=1. 336，95%CI：1. 111–1. 606). Compared with healthy persons, the distribution of blood type B was lower and the distribution of AB type was higher in male liver cancer patients （χ2 =5. 618，11. 01； OR=0. 809，1. 534, respectively； both P<0. 05). Conclusion ABO blood type is related to the occurrence of liver cancer in Qidong. The risk of liver cancer is higher in the population with blood type AB and is lower in the population with blood type B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]