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BACKGROUND: Animal models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) prepared by common carotid artery insertion or external carotid artery insertion are commonly used in preclinical studies of cerebral ischemia. However, there are few comparative studies on the difficulty of model preparation and microcirculatory perfusion during ischemic brain injury between the two methods of insertion. OBJECTIVE: To compare the MCAO models prepared by the common carotid artery insertion approach (CCAIA group) and external carotid artery insertion approach (ECAIA group) in the difficulty of model preparation and the differences in microcirculation perfusion. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, CCAIA group, and ECAIA group. Rats in the sham-operated group were anesthetized but without blood vessel ligation and suture insertion, and the other operations were the same as the above two methods. The modeling time, success rate of insertion, postoperative mortality and success rate of modeling were recorded. After the middle cerebral artery was blocked by suturing, laser speckle imaging technique was used to observe the changes of cerebral blood flow in the ischemic hemisphere and blood vessel diameter in the ischemic penumbra within 90 minutes after ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion. The neurological deficit score was evaluated by Longa’s method and modified neurological severity score at 2, 24, 48, and 72 hours postoperatively. TTC staining, dry-wet weight method, and Evans blue staining were used to calculate cerebral infarction rate, brain water content, and blood-brain barrier permeability at 72 hours postoperatively. Levels of endothelin-1, calcitonin gene-related peptide, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, prostaglandin E2, and nitric oxide in serum were determined by ELISA. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the ECAIA group, the CCAIA group had shorter operation time (P < 0.01) and higher success rate of modeling (P < 0.05). The cerebral blood flow, blood vessel diameter, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate level after reperfusion were significantly lower in the CCAIA group than the ECAIA group (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between ECAIA and CCAIA groups in cerebral infarction rate, brain water content and blood-brain barrier permeability as well as in the serum levels of endothelin-1, calcitonin gene-related peptide, prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide content (P > 0.05). To conclude, compared with the external carotid artery insertion, the common carotid artery insertion has the advantages of simple operation and high success rate of modeling, but results in an obvious microcirculation perfusion disorder in the cerebral cortex after reperfusion. Insufficient microcirculatory perfusion may be related to the decreased cyclic adenosine monophosphate level in serum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problems of the current art circulation information is not transparent and the centralized trading authority is asymmetric, this paper proposed a art blockchain certificate traceability model based on three chains. First, in view of the large amount of data in a single piece of artwork information, this paper proposed a blockchain-based symmetric searchable encryption algorithm, and used the interplanetary file system to securely store artwork circulation records on-chain and off-chain. Secondly, for the characteristics of the increasing effective data of artwork information, this paper proposed a blockchain-based inverted fast query and traceability algorithm to help data users realize fast traceability and positioning. At the same time, this paper proposed for the first time that the false information alliance chain stores false art circulation records to realize the processing of false information. Finally, experiments verify the feasibility of the model for big data security storage and fast query traceability. Experiments show that the model is feasible and the query method is efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problems of uneven population distribution and different target scales affecting the crowd counting in public places, this paper proposed a novel crowd counting model based on image field division. Firstly, this model divided the image scene into two parts : the near and far field of vision area. For the near field of vision area, it used the YOLO based network for p edestrian d etection and added scene constraints to avoid repeated counting in the near and far field of vision. For the far field of vision area, it used the improved MobileNets to extract the population density distribution characteristics, and introduced the super-resolution reconstruction module to improve the quality of the population density map . Finally, it obtained the number of the c rowd in the whole image by calculating the sum of the two. This paper tested the proposed model on Shanghai Tech and Mall d atasets. The results show that the model has a significant improvement in accuracy and robustness and prove the model is feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aimed to develop a separation and purification method for the total flavonoids of the methanol extraction from Amomum paratsao-ko, and the anti-inflammatory activity of total flavonoids from A. paratsao-ko was also investigated. The static adsorption-elution test screened out the HP-20 as the best macroporous adsorption resin for purifying the total flavonoids of A. paratsao-ko. The comprehensive scores of adsorption and desorption rates were used as the indexes to determine the optimal purification process parameters as follows: the concentration of the upper column sample solution 0.5 mg · mL-1, the sample flow rate 4 mL · min-1, and the upper column volume 15 BV, 70% ethanol 10 BV for elution, the elution flow rate 2 mL • min-1. The obtained total flavonoids of A. paratsao-ko were evaluated for the anti-inflammatory activity via examination of the effect on IL-6 in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. The results showed that the total flavonoids of A. paratsao-ko significantly inhibit lL-6 expression in the. LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the efficacy of budesonide suspension for inhalation combined with compound ipratropium bromide solution for inhalation in treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（AECOPD）. METHODS: 96 patients with AECOPD admitted into Zhongshan Xiaolan People’s Hospital from May 2016 to Oct. 2018 were selected and divided into observation group and control group via random number table, with 48 cases in each group. The control group was given beclomethasone combined with compound ipratropium bromide solution for inhalation, while the observation group was given budesonide suspension for inhalation combined with compound ipratropium bromide solution for inhalation. Differences in clinical efficacy, indices of blood gas [arterial partial pressure of blood oxygen（PaO2）, arterial partial pressure of blood carbon dioxide（PaCO2） and pH], indices of pulmonary function [forced vital capacity（FVC）, forced expiratory volume in 1 s（FEV1） and FEV1/FVC] and inflammation factors [serum interleukin-6（IL-6）, C-reactive protein（CRP）, procalcitonin（PCT） and serum amyloid A（SAA）] between two groups were compared. RESULTS: The total effective rate of observation group was 95.83%（46/48）, which was significantly higher than that of the control group（85.42%, 41/48）, with statistically significant difference（P<0.05）. After treatment, the PaO2 and pH of both groups had been significantly improved, while the PaCO2 was significantly decreased; the PaO2 and pH of observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group, and the PaCO2 of observation group was significantly lower, with statistically significant differences（P<0.05）. After treatment, the FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC of both groups were significantly increased, and those of observation group were significantly better than the control group, with statistically significant differences（P<0.05）. After treatment, the IL-6, CRP, PCT and SAA levels of both groups were significantly decreased, and those of observation group were significantly better than the control group, with statistically significant differences（P<0.05）. The incidence of adverse drug reactions of observation group was 4.17%（2/48）, which was significantly lower than that of the control group（16.67%, 8/48）, with statistically significant difference（P<0.05）. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of budesonide suspension for inhalation combined with compound ipratropium bromide solution for inhalation in treatment of AECOPD is remarkable, which can effectively improve patients’ pulmonary function and inflammation factor levels, with high safety and few adverse drug reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]