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目的 探讨醒后卒中（wake-up stroke，WUS）与非WUS患者凝血功能的差异，以探索WUS的病理生理学机制。 方法 回顾性收集2018年1月-2020年5月就诊于西安交通大学第二附属医院，发病72 h内的首次急性缺血性卒中（acute ischemic stroke，AIS）患者的临床资料，以同期非卒中入院、既往无卒中病史且性别、年龄（±5岁）匹配的患者为对照组。根据是否为WUS将AIS组分为WUS组和非WUS组。收集入组患者入院第2日的凝血功能检测结果。比较AIS组和对照组以及WUS组和非WUS组间的凝血功能差异。在AIS患者中，进一步采用二元logistic回归分析判断凝血功能与WUS的相关性。 结果 AIS组和对照组各342例，AIS患者中WUS 67例（19.6%），非WUS 275例（80.4%）。单因素分析显示，与对照组比较，AIS组的活化部分凝血活酶时间（activated partial thromboplastin time，APTT）[23.2（20.7～26.3）s vs. 24.0（21.6～26.8）s，P=0.019）和凝血酶时间[18.4（17.9～19.1）s vs. 18.9（18.3～19.4）s，P＜0.001]缩短，而D-二聚体[270.0（170.0～460.0）ng/mL vs. 220.0（137.5～352.5）ng/mL，P＜0.001]、纤维蛋白原[287.0（243.8～331.0）g/L vs. 255.0（221.0～292.3）g/L，P＜0.001]及纤维蛋白降解产物[1.1（0.6～1.6）μg/mL vs. 0.7（0.4～1.1）μg/mL，P＜0.001]水平升高。在AIS患者中，WUS组较非WUS组的入院时神经功能缺损更严重[NIHSS 3（2～6）分 vs. 2（1～4）分，P=0.005]、采血前使用他汀类药物的比例更高（94.0% vs. 84.0%，P=0.034），2组的发病到采血时间分布的差异也有统计学意义（P=0.011）。凝血功能方面，WUS组的APTT较非WUS组延长[24.8（21.5～27.5）s vs. 22.9（20.5～25.9）s，P=0.004]，其余凝血功能参数的差异无统计学意义。二元logistic回归分析显示，APTT延长与WUS独立相关（OR 2.082，95%CI 1.156～3.751，P=0.015）。 结论 WUS患者的APTT较非WUS患者延长，提示WUS患者可能具有更差的内源性凝血活性。 Abstract: Objective To compare the difference of coagulation function between wake-up stroke (WUS) patients and non-WUS patients, in order to further clarify the pathophysiological mechanism of WUS. Methods Patients with first-ever acute ischemic stroke (AIS) within 72 hours from symptom onset who were admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University between January 2018 and May 2020 were included in this retrospective study. Sex- and age-matched (±5 years old) inpatients without stroke history during the same period were selected as the control group. According to having WUS or not, the patients with AIS were divided into WUS subgroup and non-WUS subgroup. The differences of coagulation function were compared between AIS group and control group and between WUS group and non-WUS group. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between coagulation function and WUS. Results A total of 342 AIS patients and 342 controls were included, with 67 WUS patients (19.6%) and 275 non-WUS patients (80.4%) in AIS patients. Compared with control group, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) [23.2 (20.7-26.3) s vs. 24.0 (21.6-26.8) s, P=0.019] and thrombin time [18.4 (17.9-19.1) s vs. 18.9 (18.3-19.4) s, P

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Copyright of Journal of Prevention & Treatment For Stomatological Diseases is the property of Journal of Prevention & Treatment For Stomatological Diseases Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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A case of Bowen's disease of toe is reported・ A 39・year-old woman presented with red asymptomatic lesion on the medial side of the left big toe for over a month ・ Topical treatment with glucocorticoid was not effective ・ A similar rash appeared on the same area 5 to 6 years ago, and was surgically removed・ Clinical examination revealed a demarcated red plaque 1・ 5 cm X 1・ 5 cm in diameter, with dark red crust in the center, on her big left toe・ The histopathological examination of the skin lesion showed heteroplasia of the squamous epithelium in the epidermis・ The diagnosis was Bowen's disease・ Following removal of lesion with electrocauterization, 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic(ALA・PDT)wa$ given 4 times・ The lesion completely subsided with no recurrence during 1-year telephone follow・up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Applied Chemical Industry is the property of Shaanxi Research Design Insitute of Petroleum & Chemical Industry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective In order to improve the infrastructure of the hydrogen energy industry chain and identify the causes of fire and explosion accidents in vehicle hydrogen refueling stations, the prevention and control measures are put forward for fire and explosion accidents so as to ensure the safe and sustainable development of vehicle hydrogen refueling stations and improve the public's trust in their safety prevention and control. Methods Using the theory of accident causation the essence of the accident is revealed. The hazard sources of fire and explosion accidents in vehicle hydrogen refueling stations are systematically analyzed from the perspective of unsafe state of energy substances energy carriers, things and unsafe behaviors of people. An accident tree map is established with the fire and explosion accidents of hydrogen refueling stations as the top event and targeted prevention and control strategies are proposed. Results Firstly, the proportion of basic events in the unsafe state of fire and explosion in the hydrogen refueling stations is the largest (52%). Secondly. The minimum set of 350 sets that may cause fire and explosion in hydrogen refueling stations and 4 minimum sets to avoid fire and explosion accidents are obtained. Thirdly, without considering the probability of basic event occurrences, five basic events are revealed to have high structural importance including poor ventilation alarm device failure, detector failure, safety valve failure and automatic brake system failure. Conclusions The theory of accident causes can be used to identify the hazard sources of hydrogen refueling stations scientifically and comprehensively. Accident tree system is adopted to analyze the importance of the basic event structure, and the normal operation of protective measures is the key control point to reduce fire and explosion accidents, which can serve as a theoretical basis for the formulation of relevant risk prevention and control measures for the construction and operation of hydrogen refueling stations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chemical Engineering (China) / Huaxue Gongcheng is the property of Hualu Engineering Science & Technology Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Evaluation & Analysis of Drug-Use in Hospitals of China is the property of Evaluation & Analysis of Drug-Use in Hospitals of China Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Storage & Process is the property of Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Prataculturae Sinica is the property of Acta Prataculturae Sinica Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mechanical & Electronic Control Engineering is the property of Omniscient Pte. Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mechanical & Electronic Control Engineering is the property of Omniscient Pte. Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To explore the structure of health-related behavior (HRB) and its relationship with lifestyle from the perspective of system science. Methods Based on the complex system research method put forward by Qian Xue-sen, the theoretical research methods such as typical analysis, comparative analysis, essential analysis, and inductive deduction were comprehensively applied to analyze the systematic structure and dynamic structure of HRB and its relationship with lifestyle. Results Based on the systematic understanding of HRB, it is proposed that individual behavior is a "systematic three-level structure" composed of first-level behavior/specific behavior, second-level behavior/combination behavior, and three-level behavior/series behavior. Based on the dynamic understanding of HRB, it is proposed that accidental behavior, low-frequency behavior, and habitual behavior constitute the "dynamic three-level structure" of behavior development and change. Based on the systematic and dynamic structure of HRB, this paper puts forward that lifestyle is an individual or family behavior pattern in which the systematic structure and dynamic structure are relatively stable, and its health degree depends on the proportion and frequency of healthy behavior. It also puts forward the strategies to improve the health degree of lifestyle by adjusting the structure of individual behavior system and affecting its dynamic structure. Conclusion This study puts forward the relationship between HRB structure and lifestyle from the perspective of system science, which provides insights for explaining and intervening lifestyle, theoretical support for health promotion policies, and theoretical hypotheses for further study of the occurrence, development and evolution mechanism of complex behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Acta Edulis Fungi is the property of Acta Edulis Fungi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To explore the Synergistics principle and developmental dynamic mechanism of health-related behaviors. Methods By comprehensively applying the theoretical research methods such as canonical analysis and comparative analysis, taking the echinococcosis control behavior and the "Shiqu modeln in the Tibetan area of northwest Sichuan as an example, the principle of Synergistics was used to explore the dynamic mechanism of health -related behavior development. Results The development of health-related behavior accords with the principle of Synergistics, Psychological cognition, inter-personal-group environment, and crowd-social environment are the three subsystems of the behavior system, in which multiple variables/elements constantly compete to play a dominant role in behavior. Meanwhile, in the continuous coordination, a number of slow variables including cognitive attitude, motivation composition, self-efficacy; social network, group public opinion; policy support, environmental support, pilot/demonstration areas, health promotion actions) and order parameters (individual behavior belief, behavior social network-group public opinion, behavior social opinion) are formed. These slow variables / order parameters in turn dominate the development and change of behavior at the individual, interpersonal, and crowd levels. This paper puts fonvard the ideas and strategies of obtaining and analyzing slow variables and order parameters at different levels to qualitatively diagnose behavior development and implement behavior inteiTention. The scientific and rational nature of the theory are preliminarily tested through the changes in the prevention behavior of hydatid diseases such as dog tethering in the population and the formation of the "Shiqu modeF\ Conclusion This study proposes a synergetic dynamic mechanism for the development of health-related behaviors and develops a behavioral diagnosis and intervention strategy, which provides insight to explain and intervene in complex behaviors as well as theoretical support for the "Shiqu model" and the policy of taking multiple measures simultaneously to prevent and treat diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Storage & Process is the property of Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine is the property of China Association of Rehabilitation Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Personnel training is the foundation of Healthy Chin逅 and the new era has put fonvard high-quality requirements for the training of high-level applied public health personneL This study aims to construct the path and measures of domestic high-level applied public health personnel, in order to provide reference for the talent training in China. Through literature research on public health education in China and the United States, this study summarizes the background, current situation, and connotation of the training of high-level applied public health talents in China, draws on the experience and inspirations of the United States, and raises suggestions on the development of China's training of high-level applied public health personneL China can carry out the training of high-level applied public health talents from the perspective of macro-social ecology and micro-path. For the specific micro-path, we can start with educational concept, training plan, teaching staffs training mode, and evaluation mechanism to improve the quality of public health education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Immunology is the property of Medical Periodical Society of Jilin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

目的: 探究妇产科综合护理在妊娠糖尿病孕妇中的应用效果。方法: 选取于2021年1月-2023年1月本院 收治的80例妊娠糖尿病孕妇患者, 随机分为观察组 (妇产科综合护理) 、对照组 (常规护理) 各40人。结果: 相比对 照组, 观察组护理满意度较高、围产儿并发症发生率较低, 且不良情绪改善更明显 (P < 0.05) 。结论: 妇产科综合 护理在妊娠糖尿病孕妇中应用可以获得更为理想的护理效果。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the chaotic dynamic mechanism of the formation and change of smoking behavior. Methods Based on the chaos theory, the chaotic characteristics of smoking-quitting behavior, the dynamic mechanism of chaotic process and chaos control strategy were analyzed by using typical analysis and comparative analysis. Results The formation and change of smoking habit accorded with the typical characteristics of chaos. The individual smoking behavior belief, which is composed of psychological cognition, behavioral motivation, and external environment/situation/occasion, is the aattractorn to induce and control the development, evolution, and disappearance of smoking behavior. The a scenario-motivationn coupling mechanism is the power source of smoking behavior, and multiple scenario-motivation, coupling mechanisms cooperate to dominate the behavior, which gradually increases the frequency of behavior and enters a chaotic state. The stability of chaotic system makes it difficult to quit the habit for a long time. Quitting smoking needs to fundamentally break the chaotic state of behavior and deconstruct multiple a scenario-motivation0 coupling mechanisms in chaotic attractors. Conclusion This study puts fonvard the chaotic dynamic mechanism of the formation and change of smoking habits, which provides a new perspective and train of thought for deeply understanding, explaining, and intervening other health-related behaviors and habits. It provides theoretical support for individual smoking cessation and smoking control policy-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the role of transforming growth factor β activated kinase-1（ TAK1） in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NFALD） and its influence on macrophage polarization. Methods: Eighty 5~6 weeks C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, low-dose group and high-dose group. Among them, mice in control group were given a normal diet, mice in model group were given a high-fat diet, and mice in low-dose and high-dose groups were given 1 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg of TAK1 inhibitor 5Z-7-oxozeaenol per week on the basis of high-fat diet. After 12 weeks of continuous rearing, liver morphology was evaluated by HE staining. Measured contents of mice serum alanine aminotransferase（ ALT）, aspartate aminotransferase（ AST）, alkaline phosphatase （ALP）, total cholesterol （TC）, triglycerides （TG）, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） and low-density lipoprotein （LDL-C）. Flow cytometry was used to detect the polarization of macrophages in liver tissue of mice. RT-PCR was used to detect expressions of CD11c, CD206, IL-1β and IL-10 mRNA in mice liver tissues. Levels of IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α and TGF-β1 in liver tissues of mice were detected by ELISA. Results: HE staining showed that the liver cells of control group were arranged neatly without adipocyte degene-ration and inflammatory cell infiltration; obvious steatosis were observed in model group, and the NAFLD activity score was significantly increased （P<0.05）; steatosis and inflammatory cells were significantly reduced in both low-dose and high-dose groups of mice, and the NAFLD activity score was significantly reduced （P<0.05）. Compared with control group, serum ALT, AST, ALP, TC, TG and LDL-C contents of mice in model group were significantly increased, while HDL-C content was significantly decreased（ P<0.05）; compared with model group, serum ALT, AST, ALP, TC, TG and LDL-C levels of mice in both low-dose group and high-dose group were significantly reduced, while HDL-C level was significantly increased （P<0.05）. Compared with control group, M1/M2, CD11c and IL-1β mRNA expressions were significantly increased in liver tissue of model group, while CD206 and IL-10 mRNA expressions were decreased （P<0.05）; compared with model group, M1/M2, CD11c and IL-1β mRNA expressions were significantly reduced in liver tissue of low-dose and high-dose groups, while CD206 and IL-10 mRNA expressions were increased （P< 0.05）. Compared with control group, expressions of IL-1β and TNF-α in liver tissue of model group were significantly increased, while expressions of IL-10 and TGF-β1 were significantly reduced （P<0.05）; compared with model group, expressions of IL-1β and TNF-α in liver tissue of low-dose and high-dose groups were significantly reduced, while expressions of IL-10 and TGF-β1 were significantly increased （P<0.05）. Conclusion: TAK1 inhibitors play a protective role in liver by regulating polarization of macrophages and inhibiting liver inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

目的：探究妇产科门诊手术室护理安全隐患分析及预防。方法：选择本院于2021年04月-2023年08月纳 入的74例妇产科接受手术治疗的患者展开本次研究，对参照组实行常规护理，对观察组实行安全隐患预防护理，比较 应用效果。结果：观察组不良事件发生率（27.03%）明显低于参照组（5.41%），存在统计学意义；参照组的总体满 意度显著低于观察组（P < 0.05）。结论：妇产科门诊手术室护理中，安全隐患护理的实施能够减少不良事件产生， 提高患者依从性与满意度。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

【Objective】To quantitatively analyze the yield gap of wheat following rice in Anhui Province and clarify the space for increasing yield and improving utilization efficiency of resource of wheat following rice.【Methods】 Four cultivation patterns:super high yield (SH), high yield and high efficiency (HH), farmer pattern (FP) and inherent soil productivity (ISP) and three difference levels:first-level yield gap (FP-ISP), second-level yield gap (HH-FP), and third-level yield gap (SH-HH) were set up in wheat following rice areas along the Huai River, between Yangtze River and Huai River, and along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province from 2017 to 2020. The dry matter accumulation and leaf area index of over-wintering stage, jointing stage, anthesis stage, filling stage and maturity stage were determined and the effective ear number, kernels per ear, 1 000-grain weight and economic coefficient, as well as yield were measured at maturity stage.【Results】 Along the Huai River, between Yangtze River and Huai River, and along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province, the first-level yield gap (FP-ISP) of wheat following rice was the largest, with an average of 3 009.6 kg/hm². The second-level yield gap and the third-level yield gap were 768.5 and 758.0 kg/hm², respectively. Yield gaps varied among different wheat following rice planting regions, with the first-level yield gap decreased gradually from north to south, the second-level yield gap increased slightly from north to south, and the third-level yield gap in the north slightly higher than that of the south. The yield gap of the different levels varied greatly among different years. The effective measures to narrow the first-level yield gap were to increase the effective ear number, kernels per ear, biological yield, economic coefficient and leaf area index in jointing stage.The effective measures to narrow the second-level yield gap were the enhancement of kernels per ear, biological yield and dry matter in anthesis stage. The effective measures to narrow the third-level yield gap were to increase the effective ear number and economic coefficient. Sink number, sink volume, leaf area index in over-wintering stage and jointing stage and dry matter accumulation after flowering were extremely significantly positive correlated (P ＜0.01) with the yield of wheat following rice. Nitrogen agronomic utilization efficiency, light and accumulative temperature utilization efficiency increased with the improvement of yield.【Conclusion】 Increasing grain sink number, expanding sink capacity and improving grain sink quality were the effective means to narrow the yield gap and increase yield of wheat following rice in Anhui Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation is the property of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science / Nongyaoxue Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences / Chung-kuo ko Hsueh Yuan Yuan Kan is the property of Institutes of Science & Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation is the property of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)