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Hulunbuir Grassland is one of the most important ecological barriers in northern China. However, overgrazing has led to the formation and development of gullies in recent years, leading to degrade and fragment the grassland. There are no studies on the gully erosion in this area. In this study, the field test was conducted on the gully erosion. An area of 136.22 km2 was selected from the Ewenki Autonomous Banner in the center of Hulunbuir Grassland. Eight morphological parameters were measured by laser rangefinders and GPS, including the gully length (L), width (TW), and depth (D) of each gully. The area (A), volume (V), cross-sectional area (Ac), width-to-depth ratio (RWD), and length-to-width ratio (RLW) of the gully were then calculated by ArcGIS software. The gully morphology and distribution were determined to clarify the response of gully erosion intensity to landform change. The volume estimation model was constructed for the gully. The results showed that there was a strong variation in the gully morphology, with a wide range of the eight parameters. The average L, TW, D, A, V, Ac, RWD, RLW were 231.80 m, 3.12 m, 1.26 m, 820.49 m², 1099.46 m³, 3.39 m², 2.68, 101.93, respectively. The overall shape of the gully was narrow and long, or wide and shallow. The number density and gully density were 1.15 No/km² and 0.27 km/km², respectively. Correspondingly, 0.94‰ of grassland was lost, due to the gully erosion. The gully TW, D, and RWD were close to the normal distribution. The gullies were distributed mainly in the range of 1.0-4.0 m, 0.5-1.2 m, and 1.0-3.5, respectively, which accounted for 77.9%, 68%, and 77.9% of the total number, respectively. However, the L, A, V, Ac, and RLW were distributed to the left of the frequency curve in a small range. The gullies were distributed in 0-200 m, 100-600 m², 30-300 m³, 0-3 m², and 3.55-60, which accounted for 63.5%, 56.4%, 46.8%, 57.7%, and 46.1%, respectively. The proportions of hillslope and valley-bottom gully were 55% and 45%, respectively. The development dimension of the valley-bottom gully was higher than that of the hillslope gully, and its L, TW, D, A, V, Ac, RWD, RLW was 1.06-4.78 times higher than those of hillslope gully, respectively. There was a significant effect of topography on the gully development. The gully density (GD) and gully lacerative degree (GLD) increased first and then decreased, as the slope increased. The most serious erosion was found when the slope degree was 9°. GD and GLD on the sunny and semi-sunny slopes were 4.3 and 3.7 times those of negative slopes and semi-negative slopes, respectively. There were significantly higher correlations of the V with L and A than the rest. Both V-A and V-L relationships were described by the power function. After comparison and justification with the coefficient of determination (R²), relative mean standard error (RMSE), and Nash-coefficient (Ens), the V-A relationship (V=0.0597A1.389) was more accurate and effective in predicting the gully volume than V-L relationship. The V-A power function was also suitable for the hillslope and valley-bottom gully, indicating more higher accuracy of estimation. The findings can provide scientific support for the control of grassland degradation caused by gully erosion, particularly in the sustainable development of the regional economy, society, and environment in Hulunbuir grassland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Railway Construction Technology is the property of Railway Construction Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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【Objective】The study aimed to explore the physiological regulation mechanism of diapause of Clanis bilineata tsingtauica Mell, the changes of nutrients and diapause hormones of C. bilineata tsingtauica Mell before and after diapause were explored.【Method】The mature larvae of C. bilineata tsingtauica Mell population in Jiangsu province were used as the insect source of test and the experiment was conducted to measure content of soluble protein, carbohydrates, fatty acid and diapause-related hormone level in three different periods of pre-diapause, diapause and post-diapause termination respectively.【Result】With propulsion of diapause process, the content of glycogen decreased continuously and the difference reached significant level after diapause termination (P＜0.05). However, the content of monosaccharide, soluble protein and fatty acid all first decreased and then increased and reached the minimum at diapause stage. In addition, the content of soluble protein was significantly different in three different diapause periods(P＜0.05). The content of palmitic acid and myristic acid increased fastest and there was the highest content of linolenic acid and palmitic acid which exceeded 9000 μg/g after diapause termination. At the same time, there existed certain variation between Juvenile hormone (JH) and Molting hormone (MH) at different diapause stages of C. bilineata tsingtauica Mell. JH titer gradually decreased and MH titer which always remained high level first decreased and then increased with the advancement of diapause.【Conclusion】The nutrients were constantly consumed in the process of diapause formation of C. bilineata tsingtauica Mell. Furthermore, MH increased significantly but gradually decreased of JH synthesis. The nutrient content required for activities were all increased gradually after diapause termination of C. bilineata tsingtauica Mell. MH played an important role in the process of diapause termination, which provided a good foundation for completing molting and entering the next insect state smoothly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Tea Science is the property of Journal of Tea Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Synthetic Crystals is the property of Journal of Synthetic Crystals Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Northern Agriculture / Beifang Nongye Xuebao is the property of Journal of Northern Agriculture Editorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The change trend of nitrogen utilization and yield quality of wheat mutagenized population (M1 generation population) after nitrogen ion beam implantation was proved, which provided theoretical basis for high-quality wheat production. [Method] Using wheat varieties Lianmai 7 and Yannong 19 as test materials, different doses of nitrogen ion beams (0, 2×10~16), 3×10~(16), 4×10~16)N+/cm~2) to analyze the changing trends of nitrogen utilization, grain yield, protein content and processing quality of the mutagenized population of different wheat varieties. [Results] After nitrogen ion beam implantation of Lianmai 7 and Yannong 19 wheat varieties, the population's grain nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen harvest index, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen production efficiency, yield, protein content and processing quality were compared with the control All have decreased, and with the increase of the injection dose, the negative effect of mutagenizing population yield and quality continues to increase. The nitrogen accumulation and grain yield of the two wheat varieties treated populations decreased significantly when the injection dose exceeded 2×10~16)N+/cm~2. The processing quality decreases significantly when the dosage exceeds 3×10~16)N+/cm~2. At the same time, under high-dose conditions, the nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield of the Lianmai 7 mutant population decreased less than those of the Yannong 19 mutant population, and the Lianmai 7 mutant population decreased significantly in terms of nitrogen accumulation and grain quality. . [Conclusion] Nitrogen ion beam implantation caused a decrease in wheat grain yield, nitrogen utilization and quality, and the larger the implantation dose, the more significant the damage to wheat; the damage performance of grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in the population induced by nitrogen ion beam Yannong 19 is greater than Lianmai 7, but the mutation population of Lianmai 7 decreased significantly in terms of nitrogen accumulation and processing quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Natural Resources / Ziran Ziyuan Xuebao is the property of Journal of Natural Resources and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Natural Disasters is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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In order to improve the reusable performance of nano-silver in catalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol, polyvinyl alcohol sponge (PVA-S) loaded with nano-silver particles (PVA-S-Ag) was prepared. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the structure of PVA-S-Ag. The effect of the catalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol by PVA-S-Ag in the presence of sodium borohvdride was investigated by UV-vis. The results show that PVA-S-Ag is an excellent catalyst for the reduction of p-nitrophenol. Resides, PVA-S-Ag still maintains good catalytic reduction effect on 4-NP after several cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Industrial Minerals & Processing / Huagong Kuangwu yu Jiagong is the property of Industrial Minerals & Processing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Serious man-made soil and water loss are common on unpaved roads in the mining area of Shenfu Coalfield. In general, unpaved roads are frequently rolled by transport machinery and result in massive mud after rainfall. A certain thickness of loose surface soil layer is generated after the mud is air-dried and rolled, which negatively impacts the ecological environment. An artificially simulated rainfall experiment was carried out in this study. The law of runoff and sediment yields and the characteristic of rill morphology development of unpaved road in mining area were studied at different rainfall intensities and slope degrees. According to the results of field investigations, the slope of roads usually ranged from 2° to 20° in the area and thus we set the slope of plots to 3°, 6°, 9°and 12°. Six rainfall intensities were tested, varying from 0.5 to 3.0 mm/min with an interval of 0.5 mm/min. The thickness of loose surface soil layer was set to 0.5 cm in our experiments. Plot used in the experiment was laid out to be 3 m×1 m and two flow sections were set for the measurement of runoff and sediment. Before each experiment, rainfall intensity was calibrated repeatedly until the rainfall uniformity coefficient reached 80% or higher. Soil particle composition was determined using Mastersizer 2000, whilst soil bulk density and moisture content were measured using the oven-drying method. During each experiment, flow velocity was measured with the dye tracing method. Flow width and depth were measured with a point gauge system. From 3 minutes before the runoff generation, runoff samples were taken once a minute. Other samples were taken every 3 minutes after runoff generation. All of the experiment was repeated twice. Results showed that: 1) Runoff rates varied from 1.12 to 8.24 L/min and had a significant linear relationship with rainfall intensities and no correlation with slope degrees. The Reynolds number and Resistance coefficient were 232.38-2 073.0 and 0.45-4.47, respectively. The turblence intensity of runoff increased with the increases of rainfall intensities and slope degrees. Resistance coefficient varied significantly with slope. 2) The soil detachment rate of unpaved road ranged from 0.92 to 324.46 g/(m2·s) and was a significant power function of rainfall intensities, slope degrees and runoff rates. Critical shear stress and stream power activating sediment detachment of unpaved roads were found to be 2.15 N/m2 and 0.41 W/(m2·s). 3) Sheet erosion was the main erosion form on unpaved roads with a slope degree of 3°. The rill formed on the road surface when the slope degree was greater than 3°. The rill breadth depth ratio, rill complexity degree, rill split degree and rill density were 1.80-3.75, 1.07-1.55, 0.20%-10.33% and 0.067-2.01 m/m2, respectively. Overall, the rill density increased with rainfall intensity increased, rill breadth depth ratio decreased with slope degrees increased and rill complexity degree and split degree were positively correlated with the interaction of rainfall intensities and slope degrees. 4) Ratios of rill soil erosion yield to the total soil erosion yield were 18.0%-57.16%. The power function could be used to describe the relationship between total erosion yield and rill split degree and rill density. Exponential and linear functions were found to be useful to express the relationship between total erosion yield and rill breadth depth ratio and complexity degree. The results provide key parameters to the implementation of engineering soil and water conservation measures on unpaved roads and are therefore meaningful for the production safety in the mining area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ecological environment of the Loess Plateau has been remarkably improved and soil and water loss is effectively controlled due to the implementation of the“grain for green” project. The most crucial reason is that the physical consolidation, reticular connection, root-soil agglomeration and biochemical reaction effects make the soil anti-scouribility (AS) to be improved significantly. In order to evaluate the impacts of abandoned land and their different coverage levels on soil AS and related soil physical properties, twenty plots with two treatments of table-land abandoned land(TAL) and gully-head abandoned land(GAL), five abandoned plant coverage levels and two repeated experiments were selected to study the soil AS by using runoff plot flow-scouring method in the gully area of the Loess Plateau. The soil AS was determined in 2 m×0.5 m runoff plot at an adjusted discharge of 4 L/min for 31 minutes. Within 31 minutes of each test, runoff and sediment samples were collected every one minute in the first three minutes and every two minutes in the following testing time using runoff bucket for determining sediment concentration. Soil bulk density, water-stable aggregate content, soil disintegration rate, infiltration rate and organic matter content were determined by using conventional methods. Root density and biomass were determined by harvesting and dried in oven. The results showed that as the coverage of the abandoned land increased, compared with CK (farmland), water-stable aggregate content, root density and root biomass of TAL and GAL measurements were significantly increased(P<0.05). When coverage was more than 0%, soil disintegration rate of TAL and GAL measurements had a decrease of 44.87%~79.16% and 33.79%~70.65%, respectively. While the increments of 70.12%~ 222.70% and 59.20%~194.88% for organic matter content. When coverage was the most highest, the soil bulk density was decreased and infiltration coefficient was increased significantly, for TAL and GAL respectively. The AS of TAL with 0% coverage had no difference with those of the CK, while AS of other coverage plots increased rapidly in approximately 2.31~7.57 times increments compared with those of the CK. The AS of GAL was increased 0.99~7.12 times increments compared with those of the CK. With the increment of coverage, the effect that root improved the soil anti-scouribility capacity was more significant. The positive exponential function can be used to describe the relationship between AS of TAL and GAL and bulk density and infiltration rate, while the negative exponential relationships occurred in AS and water-stable aggregate content and disintegration rate. The effects of organic matter content, root density and biomass on AS can be characterized by linear functions. Regression analysis indicated that AS of TAL had the exponential function with water-stable aggregate content, disintegration rate and root density(P<0.01), also the exponential function existed between AS and water-stable aggregate content and organic matter content(P<0.01). The water-stable aggregate content was the crucial factor influencing the AS of TAL and GAL measurements. The results may provide valuable information for the assessment of ecology function of “grain for green” project and water and soil loss control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVE； To investigate the application status of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) decoction pieces in outpatient prescriptions in Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University(hereinafter referred to as “our hospital”)，, so as to provide reference for the rational application of TCM decoction pieces. METHODS: 6 691 outpatient prescriptions with TCM decoction pieces from Jul. to Dec. 2016 were randomly extracted from our hospital, statistical analysis was conducted on application status of drugs by Excel software. RESULTS； 6 691 outpatient prescriptions were extracted from different departments of our hospital; the formula ingredients were 3-31, the average number of drugs per prescription was 13.85. The number of dosage of prescriptions were 1-30, and 5 and 7 dosage were common, totally 4 875 prescriptions (72.86%). The consumption sum of prescriptions were 1 285 448. 6 yuan, totally 43 857 dosage, with the average of 29.31 yuan. Totally 238 kinds of TCM were used, the most common types of TCM were respectively tonify deficiency drugs, drugs for promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis and clearing damp and promoting diuresis. The top three TCM ranked by frequency of occurrence in prescriptions were respectively liquorice, astragalus and salviae miltiorrhizae. CONCLUSIONS； The application of TCM decoction pieces in outpatient of our hospital accord with the principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment, the dosage and compatibility are rational. Arrangement of the TCM decoction pieces prescriptions and investigation of the prescribing rules of clinicians are helpful for improvement of guide for rational application of TCM decoction pieces in clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]